字符设备

Table of Contents

1、文件系统和设备的关系

2. input设备的架构分析

2.1 input设备的注册（/drivers/input/input.c）

2.2 input设备的架构分析

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1、文件系统和设备的关系

  设备是特殊的文件，文件inode的操作函数通过init_special_inode赋值。

  ext2_read_inode ->init_special_inode(适合ext2文件系统)

void init_special_inode(struct inode *inode, umode_t mode, dev_t rdev)
{
____inode->i_mode = mode;
____if (S_ISCHR(mode)) {
________inode->i_fop = &def_chr_fops;
________inode->i_rdev = rdev;
____} else if (S_ISBLK(mode)) {
________inode->i_fop = &def_blk_fops;
________inode->i_rdev = rdev;
____} else if (S_ISFIFO(mode))
________inode->i_fop = &def_fifo_fops;
____else if (S_ISSOCK(mode))
________inode->i_fop = &bad_sock_fops;
____else
________printk(KERN_DEBUG "init_special_inode: bogus i_mode (%o)\n",  
________       mode);
}

2. input设备的架构分析

2.1 input设备的注册（/drivers/input/input.c）

input设备只是提供了驱动的框架。

1) input_init->register_chrdev->__register_chrdev_region :注册设备区间(0-256)。首先申请一个struct char_device_struct，然后加入到全局的chrdevs中。

static struct char_device_struct {        
____struct char_device_struct *next;      
____unsigned int major;                   
____unsigned int baseminor;               
____int minorct;                          
____char name[64];                        
____struct file_operations *fops;         
____struct cdev *cdev;______/* will die */
} *chrdevs[CHRDEV_MAJOR_HASH_SIZE];

2) input_init->register_chrdev->cdev_add->kobj_map：注册设备。实际是把复合设备号注册到系统，根据设备号，生成对应的struct probe，然后加入到cdev_map全局变量中。在字符设备驱动的open函数(chrdev_open)中会根据设备号在cdev_map中查找（kobj_lookup）对应的probe，然后执行真正的驱动所对应的open函数。

2.2 input设备的架构分析

open过程：在input对应的open中根据设备的次设备号，查找对应的input_handler,然后把设备的file->fop替换handler->fops。

2.2.1 注册input设备驱动

if (handler->fops != NULL)
____input_table[handler->minor >> 5] = handler;

 input_register_handler->list_add_tail(&handler->node, &input_handler_list);

list_for_each_entry(dev, &input_dev_list, node)
____if (!handler->blacklist || !input_match_device(handler->blacklist, dev))
________if ((id = input_match_device(handler->id_table, dev)))              
____________if ((handle = handler->connect(handler, dev, id))) {
________________input_link_handle(handle);                                  
________________if (handler->start)                                         
____________________handler->start(handle);                                 
____________}

2.2.2 注册input设备

input_register_device->

INIT_LIST_HEAD(&dev->h_list);              
list_add_tail(&dev->node, &input_dev_list);

list_for_each_entry(handler, &input_handler_list, node)                     
____if (!handler->blacklist || !input_match_device(handler->blacklist, dev))
________if ((id = input_match_device(handler->id_table, dev)))              
____________if ((handle = handler->connect(handler, dev, id))) {            
________________input_link_handle(handle);                                  
________________if (handler->start)                                         
____________________handler->start(handle);                                 
____________}

3、总结：input驱动框架分两层：input核心层(input.c)、设备(device)和驱动层(driver)。

核心层提供：

3.1 register_chrdev(INPUT_MAJOR, "input", &input_fops);

static const struct file_operations input_fops = {
____.owner = THIS_MODULE,                          
____.open = input_open_file,                       
};

在input_open_file()函数中会替换handler中的fops，     new_fops = fops_get(handler->fops);

file->f_op = new_fops;然后执行新的fops中的打开函数  new_fops->open(inode, file);

handler怎么来的？

是通过设备的次设备号，在input_table数组中获得，handler = input_table[iminor(inode) >> 5];

input_table又是由谁赋值的？

通过下面的input_register_handler实现的。input_table[handler->minor >> 5] = handler;

两个注册函数、两个链表。

3.2 两个链表：input_handler_list，input_dev_list

3.3 两个注册函数：

 input_register_handler：注册input_handler到input_handler_list

 input_register_device：注册input_dev到input_dev_list

当设备和驱动匹配后，会调用handler->start()函数。

同时input框架也提供了，input_event()函数。

input_event用在什么位置呢? 应该是处理硬件相关的代码中。在设备的中断服务程序里，确定发生的是什么事件，然后调用handle中对应的event处理函数，处理事件。

void input_event(struct input_dev *dev, unsigned int type, unsigned int code, int
value)

{

......

list_for_each_entry(handle, &dev->h_list, d_node)         
____if (handle->open)                                     
________handle->handler->event(handle, type, code, value);

.......

}

以drivers/input/evdev.c中的使用为例：应用程序在读设备的过程中会调用类似evdev_read的函数，读的过程中如果是Blocked会等待，直到evdev_event发生。

static const struct file_operations evdev_fops = {
____.owner =____THIS_MODULE,                      
____.read =_____evdev_read,                       
____.write =____evdev_write,                      
____.poll =_____evdev_poll,                       
____.open =_____evdev_open,                       
____.release =__evdev_release,                    
____.unlocked_ioctl = evdev_ioctl,                
#ifdef CONFIG_COMPAT                              
____.compat_ioctl =_evdev_ioctl_compat,           
#endif                                            
____.fasync =___evdev_fasync,                     
____.flush =____evdev_flush                       
};                                               

static struct input_handler evdev_handler = {
____.event =____evdev_event,                 
____.connect =__evdev_connect,               
____.disconnect =___evdev_disconnect,        
____.fops =_____&evdev_fops,                 
____.minor =____EVDEV_MINOR_BASE,            
____.name =_____"evdev",                     
____.id_table =_evdev_ids,                   
};                                          

evdev_connect()

{

init_waitqueue_head(&evdev->wait);

}

evdev_read()

{

retval = wait_event_interruptible(evdev->wait,     
____client->head != client->tail || !evdev->exist);

}

evdev_event()

{

wake_up_interruptible(&evdev->wait);

}

4、如何写一个input框架的驱动程序

以drivers/input/keyboard/gpio_keys.c为例。

a.

struct platform_driver gpio_keys_device_driver = {
____.probe______= gpio_keys_probe,                
____.remove_____= __devexit_p(gpio_keys_remove),  
____.driver_____= {                               
________.name___= "gpio-keys",                    
____}                                             
};                                               

static int __init gpio_keys_init(void)                        
{                                                             
____return platform_driver_register(&gpio_keys_device_driver);
}

b.gpio_keys_probe()

{

/* 1、分配一个input_dev */

input = input_allocate_device();

/* 2、设置input_dev */

input->name = pdev->name;        
input->phys = "gpio-keys/input0";
input->dev.parent = &pdev->dev;  
                                 
input->id.bustype = BUS_HOST;    
input->id.vendor = 0x0001;       
input->id.product = 0x0001;      
input->id.version = 0x0100;

/* 3、注册input_dev */

input_register_device(input);

}

/* 4、硬件相关的部分，中断处理程序中上报事件*/

request_irq(irq, gpio_keys_isr, IRQF_SAMPLE_RANDOM,
     button->desc ? button->desc : "gpio_keys",    
     pdev);

gpio_keys_isr()

{

input_event(input, type, button->code, !!state);
input_sync(input);

}