OSPF综合实验
要求:
(1)R4为ISP,其上只能配置IP地址;R4与其他所有直连设备间均使用公有IP地址
- R3、R5、R6、R7、(私网边界)为MGRE环境,R3为中心站点;
- 整个OSPF环境IP基于172.16.0.0 /16 划分【RIP也基于该网段划分】;
- 所有设备均可访问R4环回;
- 减少LSA的更新量,加快收敛,保障更新安全(ospf的认证) ;
【做特殊区域(及非骨干区域,无虚链路,不存在ASBR设备)(末梢区域:普通末梢区域不在学习4类和5类LSA信息;完全末梢区域3、4、5类不再进行学习)(非完全末梢区域:NSSA普通非完全末梢区域:拒绝4和5类,本身具有ABR设备不需要4类,4类存在本身是为了找到ASBR的位置(可以由1和2类演算出ASBR位置)七类仅仅出现在ASBR当中,而七类相当于五类的加强;完全的非完全末梢区域:NSSA区域:拒绝3,4,5类,使用3类缺省】
- 全网可达
网络划分:
在大型网络规划中优先根据网络协议划分;
但这个不一样,RIP拓扑小,所以只用划分为六个网段即可。
172.16.00000000.0 /16
172.16.0.0 /19 ——A0
一般在24(254),25(126),26(62)里面选择
172.16.0.0 /24 ——P2P的骨干
172.16.0.0 /30
172.16.0.4 /30
172.16.0.8 /30
...
172.16.1.0 /24 ——MA的骨干
172.16.1.0 /29
172.16.1.8 /29
172.16.1.16 /29
...
172.16.2.0 /24
...
172.16.31.0 /24
骨干链路:P2P(两个IP地址)30和MA(多节点网络)29
172.16.32.0 /19 ——A1
172.16.32.0 /24 ——P2P的骨干
172.16.32.0 /30
172.16.32.4 /30
172.16.32.8 /30
...
172.16.33.0 /24 ——MA的骨干
172.16.33.0 /29
172.16.33.8 /29
172.16.33.16 /29
...
172.16.34.0 /24
...
172.16.63.0 /24
172.16.64.0 /19 ——A2
172.16.96.0 /19 ——A3
172.16.128.0 /19 ——A4
172.16.160.0 /19 ——RIP
172.16.160.0 /20
172.16.176.0 /20
172.16.110 00000.0 /19
172.16.111 00000.0 /19
查看历史配置:
display history-command
Area 0:
R3:
[R3]int s 4/0/0
[R3-Serial4/0/0]ip ad 34.0.0.1 24
[R3]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 34.0.0.2
R4:
[R4]SYS ISP
[ISP]int s 4/0/0
[ISP-Serial4/0/0]ip ad 34.0.0.2 24
[ISP-Serial4/0/0]int s 4/0/1
[ISP-Serial4/0/1]ip ad 45.0.0.2 24
[ISP-Serial4/0/1]int s 3/0/0
[ISP-Serial3/0/0]ip ad 46.0.0.2 24
[ISP-Serial4/0/1]int s 3/0/0
[ISP-Serial3/0/0]ip ad 46.0.0.2 24
[ISP-Serial3/0/0]int g0/0/0
[ISP-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip ad 47.0.0.2 24
[ISP-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int l0
[ISP-LoopBack0]ip ad 4.4.4.4 24
R5:
[R5]int s 4/0/0
[R5-Serial4/0/0]ip ad 45.0.0.1 24
[R5]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 45.0.0.2
R6:
[Huawei]SYS R6
[R6]int s 4/0/0
[R6-Serial4/0/0]ip ad 46.0.0.1 24
[R6]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 46.0.0.2
R7:
[Huawei]SYS R7
[R7]int g0/0/0
[R7-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip ad 47.0.0.1 24
[R7]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 47.0.0.2
测试:
配置MGRE环境
【R3】:
[R3-Tunnel0/0/0] ip address 172.16.1.1 29
[R3-Tunnel0/0/0]tunnel-protocol gre p2mp
[R3-Tunnel0/0/0]nhrp network-id 100
[R3-Tunnel0/0/0]nhrp entry multicast dynamic
【R5】:
[R5]int t 0/0/0
[R5-Tunnel0/0/0]ip ad 172.16.1.2 29
[R5-Tunnel0/0/0]tunnel-protocol gre p2mp
[R5-Tunnel0/0/0]source Serial 4/0/0
[R5-Tunnel0/0/0]nhrp network-id 100
[R5-Tunnel0/0/0]nhrp entry 172.16.1.1 34.0.0.1 register
[R5-Tunnel0/0/0]q
[R5]int l0
[R5-LoopBack0]ip ad 172.16.2.1 24
【R6】:
[R6]int t 0/0/0
[R6-Tunnel0/0/0]ip ad 172.16.1.3 29
[R6-Tunnel0/0/0]tunnel-protocol gre p2mp
[R6-Tunnel0/0/0]source Serial 4/0/0
[R6-Tunnel0/0/0]nhrp network-id 100
[R6-Tunnel0/0/0]nhrp entry 172.16.1.1 34.0.0.1 register
[R6-Tunnel0/0/0]q
[R6]int l0
[R6-LoopBack0]ip ad 172.16.3.1 24
【R7】:
<R7>sys
Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.
[R7]int t 0/0/0
[R7-Tunnel0/0/0]ip ad 172.16.1.4 29
[R7-Tunnel0/0/0]tunnel-protocol gre p2mp
[R7-Tunnel0/0/0]source GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
[R7-Tunnel0/0/0]nhrp network-id 100
[R7-Tunnel0/0/0]nhrp entry 172.16.1.1 34.0.0.1 register
[R7]int l0
[R7-LoopBack0]ip ad 172.16.4.1 24
验证MGRE是否成功:
Area 1:
【R1】:
[R1]int g0/0/0
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip ad 172.16.33.1 29
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int l0
[R1-LoopBack0]ip ad 172.16.34.1 24
【R2】:
[R2]int g0/0/0
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip ad 172.16.33.2 29
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int l0
[R2-LoopBack0]ip ad 172.16.35.1 24
【R3】:
[R3]int g0/0/0
[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip ad 172.16.33.3 29
[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int l0
[R3-LoopBack0]ip ad 172.16.36.1 24
测试:
Area 2
【R6】:
<R6>sys
[R6]int g0/0/0
[R6-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip ad 172.16.65.1 29
[R6-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]q
【R11】
[R11]int g0/0/0
[R11-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip ad 172.16.65.2 29
[R11-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int l0
[R11-LoopBack0]ip ad 172.16.66.1 24
[R11-LoopBack0]int g0/0/1
[R11-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip ad 172.16.65.9 29
【R12】
[Huawei]sys R12
[R12]INT g0/0/0
[R12-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip ad 172.16.65.10 29
[R12-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]q
[R12]int l0
[R12-LoopBack0]ip ad 172.16.160.1 20
[R12-LoopBack0]int l1
[R12-LoopBack1]ip ad 172.16.176.1 20
[R12-LoopBack1]
测试:
Area 3:
【R7】:
[R7-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip ad 172.16.97.1 29
【R8】:
[R8]int g0/0/0
[R8-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip ad 172.16.97.2 29
[R8-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int l0
[R8-LoopBack0]ip ad 172.16.98.1 24
[R8-LoopBack0]int g 0/0/1
[R8-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip ad 172.16.97.9 29
【R9】:
[R9]int g0/0/0
[R9-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip ad 172.16.97.10 29
测试:
Area 4:
【R9】:
[R9]int g0/0/0
[R9-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip ad 172.16.97.10 29
[R9-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g0/0/1
[R9-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip ad 172.16.129.1 29
[R9-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]int l0
[R9-LoopBack0]ip ad 172.16.130.1 24
【R10】:
[R10]int g0/0/0
[R10-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip ad 172.16.129.2 29
[R10-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int l0
[R10-LoopBack0]ip ad 172.16.131.1 24
测试:
- OSPF的配置
【R1】:
[R1]ospf 1 r
[R1]ospf 1 router-id 1.1.1.1
[R1-ospf-1]a 1
[R1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]netw
[R1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]network 172.16.0.0 0.0.255.255
【R2】:
[R2]ospf 1 r
[R2]ospf 1 router-id 2.2.2.2
[R2-ospf-1]a 1
[R2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]network 172.16.0.0 0.0.255.255
【R3】:
[R3]ospf 1 r
[R3]ospf 1 router-id 3.3.3.3
[R3-ospf-1]a 1
[R3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]netw
[R3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]network 172.16.32.0 0.0.7.255
[R3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]
这里的宣告直接宣告了环回和A1的接口,拒绝了A0的接口。(视频中1:09:00)
[R3]ospf 1
[R3-ospf-1]a 0
[R3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]net
[R3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 172.16.1.1 0.0.0.0
【R5】:
[R5]ospf 1 r
[R5]ospf 1 router-id 5.5.5.5
[R5-ospf-1]a 0
[R5-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]net
[R5-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 172.16.0.0 0.0.255.255
【R6】:
[R6]ospf 1 rou
[R6]ospf 1 router-id 6.6.6.6
[R6-ospf-1]a 0
[R6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]net
[R6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 172.16.0.0 0.0.3.255
[R6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]q
[R6-ospf-1]a 2
[R6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]ne
[R6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]network 172.16.65.1 0.0.0.0
[R6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]
【R11】;
[R11]ospf 1 r
[R11]ospf 1 router-id 11.11.11.11
[R11-ospf-1]a 2
[R11-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]net
[R11-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]network 172.16.0.0 0.0.255.255
【R12】:
[R12]ospf 1 router-id 12.12.12.12
[R12-ospf-1]a 2
[R12-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]net
[R12-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]network 172.16.65.10 0.0.0.0
[R12-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]q
[R12-ospf-1]q
[R12]rip
[R12-rip-1]v 2
[R12-rip-1]ne
[R12-rip-1]network 172.16.0.0
【R7】
[R7]ospf 1 r
[R7]ospf 1 router-id 7.7.7.7
[R7-ospf-1]a 0
[R7-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]net
[R7-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 172.16.0.0 0.0.7.255
[R7-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]a 3
[R7-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]net
[R7-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]network 172.16.97.1 0.0.0.0
【R8】
[R8]ospf 1 r
[R8]ospf 1 router-id 8.8.8.8
[R8-ospf-1]a 3
[R8-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]ne
[R8-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]network 172.16.0.0 0.0.255.255
【R9】
[R9]ospf 1 r
[R9]ospf 1 router-id 9.9.9.9
[R9-ospf-1]a 3
[R9-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]n
[R9-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]network 172.16.97.10 0.0.0.0
[R9-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]q
[R9-ospf-1]a 4
[R9-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.4]n
[R9-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.4]ne
[R9-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.4]network
[R9-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.4]network 172.16.128.0 0.0.3.255
[R9-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.4]
【R10】
[R10]ospf 1 r
[R10]ospf 1 router-id 10.10.10.10
[R10-ospf-1]a 4
[R10-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.4]n
[R10-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.4]network 172.16.0.0 0.0.255.255
[R10-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.4]
三、细节处理:
修改接口类型:P2MP
[R3]int t0/0/0
[R3-Tunnel0/0/0]ospf n
[R3-Tunnel0/0/0]ospf network-type p2mp
[R5]int t0/0/0
[R5-Tunnel0/0/0]ospf network-type p2mp
[R6]int t0/0/0
[R6-Tunnel0/0/0]ospf network-type p2mp
[R7]int t0/0/0
[R7-Tunnel0/0/0]ospf network-type p2mp
邻居信息:
【R5】:
路由信息:
三、重发布:
[R12]ospf 1
[R12-ospf-1]im
[R12-ospf-1]import-route rip
查看是否导入:
解决区域四无路由:
Area 4为不规则区域,要求存在ABR设备,其次链接在area 0下面。
R9不干活,1、使用T隧道完成;(重复更新,选路不佳)2、虚链路;3、多进程双向重发布。
1,3都可以使用。但是最好使用多进程单向重发布。
【R9】
[R9]ospf 1
[R9-ospf-1]a 4
[R9-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.4]undo n
[R9-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.4]undo network 172.16.128.0 0.0.3.255
[R9-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.4]q
[R9-ospf-1]undo a 4
[R9-ospf-1]q
[R9]ospf 2
[R9-ospf-2]r
[R9-ospf-2]retransmission-limit
[R9-ospf-2]q
[R9]undo ospf 2
Warning: The OSPF process will be deleted. Continue? [Y/N]:y
[R9]ospf 2 r
[R9]ospf 2 router-id 9.9.9.9
[R9-ospf-2]undo a 3
[R9-ospf-2]a 4
[R9-ospf-2-area-0.0.0.4]n
[R9-ospf-2-area-0.0.0.4]network 172.16.128.0 0.0.3.255
[R9-ospf-2-area-0.0.0.4]
[R9-ospf-2-area-0.0.0.4]q
[R9-ospf-2]q
[R9]ospf 1
[R9-ospf-1]im
[R9-ospf-1]import-route ospf 2
[R9-ospf-1]
检测:
四、汇总
一、域间路由汇总:
[R3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]abr-summary 172.16.32.0 255.255.224.0
[R6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]abr-summary 172.16.64.0 255.255.224.0
[R7-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]abr-summary 172.16.96.0 255.255.224.0
二、域外路由汇总
[R12-ospf-1]asbr-summary 172.16.160.0 255.255.224.0
[R9-ospf-1]asbr-summary 172.16.128.0 255.255.224.0
检测:
三类和五类重复发送了路由信息
解决方法:
[R1]os
[R1]ospf
[R1-ospf-1]a 1
[R1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]stub
[R2]ospf
[R2-ospf-1]a 1
[R2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]stub
[R3]ospf
[R3-ospf-1]a 1
[R3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]stub
[R3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]stub no-summary
检测:
完全非末梢区域:
[R6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]nssa no-summary
[R7-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]nssa no-summary
[R8-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]nssa
[R9-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]nssa
检测:
补齐缺省
[R9]ospf 2
[R9-ospf-2]de
[R9-ospf-2]default
[R9-ospf-2]default-route-advertise
[R9-ospf-2]
测试内网:
修改收敛速度:
[R3-Tunnel0/0/0]ospf timer hello 10
[R5-Tunnel0/0/0]ospf timer hello 10
[R6-Tunnel0/0/0]ospf timer hello 10
[R7-Tunnel0/0/0]ospf timer hello 10
空接口防环路由:
[R3]ip route-static 172.16.32.0 255.255.224.0 NULL 0
[R6]ip route-static 172.16.64.0 255.255.224.0 NULL 0
[R7]ip route-static 172.16.96.0 255.255.224.0 NULL 0
[R9]ip route-static 172.16.128.0 255.255.224.0 NULL 0
[R12]ip route-static 172.16.160.0 255.255.224.0 NULL 0
NAT 映射:
[R3]acl 2000
[R3-acl-basic-2000]ru
[R3-acl-basic-2000]rule p
[R3-acl-basic-2000]rule permit s
[R3-acl-basic-2000]rule permit source 172.16.0.0 0.0.255.255
[R3-acl-basic-2000]q
[R3]int s 4/0/0
[R3-Serial4/0/0]nat ou
[R3-Serial4/0/0]nat outbound 2000
<R5>sys
Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.
[R5]acl 2000
[R5-acl-basic-2000]rule permit source 172.16.0.0 0.0.255.255
[R5-acl-basic-2000]q
[R5]int s4/0/0
[R5-Serial4/0/0]nat outbound 2000
[R5-Serial4/0/0]q
[R5]
<R6>sys
Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.
[R6]acl 2000
[R6-acl-basic-2000]rule permit source 172.16.0.0 0.0.255.255
[R6-acl-basic-2000]
[R6-acl-basic-2000]q
[R6]int s4/0/0
[R6-Serial4/0/0]nat outbound 2000
[R6-Serial4/0/0]q
[R6]
[R7]acl 2000
[R7-acl-basic-2000]ru
[R7-acl-basic-2000]rule p
[R7-acl-basic-2000]rule permit s
[R7-acl-basic-2000]rule permit source 172.16.0.0 0.0.255.255
[R7-acl-basic-2000]q
[R7]int t0/0/0
[R7-Tunnel0/0/0]q
[R7]int g0/0/0
[R7-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]nat ou
[R7-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]nat outbound 2000
[R7-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]