Docker进阶命令与命令总结

目录

常用命令

后台启动命令


常用命令

后台启动命令

# 命令 docker run -d 镜像名字
[root@wulijingjing ~]# docker run -d centos
3b4d5e7afa97663280291ab46d4f92ec785fb793155e5a289177f04385e6b589
[root@wulijingjing ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND   CREATED   STATUS    PORTS     NAMES

# 问题: docker ps 发现 centos 停止了
# 常见的坑:docker容器使用后台运行,就必须要有一个前台进程,docker发现没有应用,就会自动停止
# nginx,容器启动以后,发现自己没有提供服务,就会立刻停止,就没有程序了

查看日志

docker logs -f -t --tail number 容器ID

# 自己编写一段shell脚本
[root@wulijingjing ~]# docker run -d centos /bin/sh -c "while true; do echo hello-world; sleep 1; done"
5b440b8e235abae0995f10ca77a150d363f1608d3e513db47f191227822b5040

# 查看镜像
[root@wulijingjing ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND                  CREATED         STATUS         PORTS     NAMES
5b440b8e235a   centos    "/bin/sh -c 'while t…"   8 seconds ago   Up 7 seconds             adoring_haibt
# 查看日志
[root@wulijingjing ~]# docker logs -tf --tail 10 5b440b8e235a
2021-11-12T09:02:36.041245834Z hello-world
2021-11-12T09:02:37.055173734Z hello-world
2021-11-12T09:02:38.062059619Z hello-world
2021-11-12T09:02:39.067590354Z hello-world
2021-11-12T09:02:40.076586160Z hello-world
2021-11-12T09:02:41.085295315Z hello-world
2021-11-12T09:02:42.091247996Z hello-world
2021-11-12T09:02:43.095308249Z hello-world

查看容器中进程信息

[root@wulijingjing ~]# docker run -it centos
[root@e7edbce67299 /]# [root@wulijingjing ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND       CREATED          STATUS          PORTS     NAMES
e7edbce67299   centos    "/bin/bash"   12 seconds ago   Up 11 seconds             stoic_tu
[root@wulijingjing ~]# docker top e7edbce67299
UID                 PID                 PPID                C                   STIME               TTY                 TIME                CMD
root                28205               28185               0                   17:15               pts/0               00:00:00            /bin/bash

查看容器的元数据

# docker inspect 容器ID
[root@wulijingjing ~]# docker inspect e7edbce67299
[
    {
        "Id": "e7edbce67299518d3778022fdd9fdf4e2c6caf3b89119dd0d6d6036ce2326a3f",
        "Created": "2021-11-12T09:15:43.769487765Z",
        "Path": "/bin/bash",
        "Args": [],
        "State": {
            "Status": "running",
            "Running": true,
            "Paused": false,
            "Restarting": false,
            "OOMKilled": false,
            "Dead": false,
            "Pid": 28205,
            "ExitCode": 0,
            "Error": "",
            "StartedAt": "2021-11-12T09:15:44.292038386Z",
            "FinishedAt": "0001-01-01T00:00:00Z"
        },
        "Image": "sha256:5d0da3dc976460b72c77d94c8a1ad043720b0416bfc16c52c45d4847e53fadb6",
        "ResolvConfPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/e7edbce67299518d3778022fdd9fdf4e2c6caf3b89119dd0d6d6036ce2326a3f/resolv.conf",
        "HostnamePath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/e7edbce67299518d3778022fdd9fdf4e2c6caf3b89119dd0d6d6036ce2326a3f/hostname",
        "HostsPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/e7edbce67299518d3778022fdd9fdf4e2c6caf3b89119dd0d6d6036ce2326a3f/hosts",
        "LogPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/e7edbce67299518d3778022fdd9fdf4e2c6caf3b89119dd0d6d6036ce2326a3f/e7edbce67299518d3778022fdd9fdf4e2c6caf3b89119dd0d6d6036ce2326a3f-json.log",
        "Name": "/stoic_tu",
        "RestartCount": 0,
        "Driver": "overlay2",
        "Platform": "linux",
        "MountLabel": "",
        "ProcessLabel": "",
        "AppArmorProfile": "",
        "ExecIDs": null,
        "HostConfig": {
            "Binds": null,
            "ContainerIDFile": "",
            "LogConfig": {
                "Type": "json-file",
                "Config": {}
            },
            "NetworkMode": "default",
            "PortBindings": {},
            "RestartPolicy": {
                "Name": "no",
                "MaximumRetryCount": 0
            },
            "AutoRemove": false,
            "VolumeDriver": "",
            "VolumesFrom": null,
            "CapAdd": null,
            "CapDrop": null,
            "CgroupnsMode": "host",
            "Dns": [],
            "DnsOptions": [],
            "DnsSearch": [],
            "ExtraHosts": null,
            "GroupAdd": null,
            "IpcMode": "private",
            "Cgroup": "",
            "Links": null,
            "OomScoreAdj": 0,
            "PidMode": "",
            "Privileged": false,
            "PublishAllPorts": false,
            "ReadonlyRootfs": false,
            "SecurityOpt": null,
            "UTSMode": "",
            "UsernsMode": "",
            "ShmSize": 67108864,
            "Runtime": "runc",
            "ConsoleSize": [
                0,
                0
            ],
            "Isolation": "",
            "CpuShares": 0,
            "Memory": 0,
            "NanoCpus": 0,
            "CgroupParent": "",
            "BlkioWeight": 0,
            "BlkioWeightDevice": [],
            "BlkioDeviceReadBps": null,
            "BlkioDeviceWriteBps": null,
            "BlkioDeviceReadIOps": null,
            "BlkioDeviceWriteIOps": null,
            "CpuPeriod": 0,
            "CpuQuota": 0,
            "CpuRealtimePeriod": 0,
            "CpuRealtimeRuntime": 0,
            "CpusetCpus": "",
            "CpusetMems": "",
            "Devices": [],
            "DeviceCgroupRules": null,
            "DeviceRequests": null,
            "KernelMemory": 0,
            "KernelMemoryTCP": 0,
            "MemoryReservation": 0,
            "MemorySwap": 0,
            "MemorySwappiness": null,
            "OomKillDisable": false,
            "PidsLimit": null,
            "Ulimits": null,
            "CpuCount": 0,
            "CpuPercent": 0,
            "IOMaximumIOps": 0,
            "IOMaximumBandwidth": 0,
            "MaskedPaths": [
                "/proc/asound",
                "/proc/acpi",
                "/proc/kcore",
                "/proc/keys",
                "/proc/latency_stats",
                "/proc/timer_list",
                "/proc/timer_stats",
                "/proc/sched_debug",
                "/proc/scsi",
                "/sys/firmware"
            ],
            "ReadonlyPaths": [
                "/proc/bus",
                "/proc/fs",
                "/proc/irq",
                "/proc/sys",
                "/proc/sysrq-trigger"
            ]
        },
        "GraphDriver": {
            "Data": {
                "LowerDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/0bb98bbf1308ea2e3ea529525d9e9681f1e22cf22be3a20758e2a925de95c1d4-init/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/b30364675a808814427004623edc5492db3ae26ba624b85157440b7fcdac458f/diff",
                "MergedDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/0bb98bbf1308ea2e3ea529525d9e9681f1e22cf22be3a20758e2a925de95c1d4/merged",
                "UpperDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/0bb98bbf1308ea2e3ea529525d9e9681f1e22cf22be3a20758e2a925de95c1d4/diff",
                "WorkDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/0bb98bbf1308ea2e3ea529525d9e9681f1e22cf22be3a20758e2a925de95c1d4/work"
            },
            "Name": "overlay2"
        },
        "Mounts": [],
        "Config": {
            "Hostname": "e7edbce67299",
            "Domainname": "",
            "User": "",
            "AttachStdin": true,
            "AttachStdout": true,
            "AttachStderr": true,
            "Tty": true,
            "OpenStdin": true,
            "StdinOnce": true,
            "Env": [
                "PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin"
            ],
            "Cmd": [
                "/bin/bash"
            ],
            "Image": "centos",
            "Volumes": null,
            "WorkingDir": "",
            "Entrypoint": null,
            "OnBuild": null,
            "Labels": {
                "org.label-schema.build-date": "20210915",
                "org.label-schema.license": "GPLv2",
                "org.label-schema.name": "CentOS Base Image",
                "org.label-schema.schema-version": "1.0",
                "org.label-schema.vendor": "CentOS"
            }
        },
        "NetworkSettings": {
            "Bridge": "",
            "SandboxID": "c0cdaf33c64b811628ff76107565c665a950389680022277c9f2dec8791ed85a",
            "HairpinMode": false,
            "LinkLocalIPv6Address": "",
            "LinkLocalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
            "Ports": {},
            "SandboxKey": "/var/run/docker/netns/c0cdaf33c64b",
            "SecondaryIPAddresses": null,
            "SecondaryIPv6Addresses": null,
            "EndpointID": "3b9acce3e87c0289eac23d56de46e9f1bea569b86b8bdcf7f856305c71108802",
            "Gateway": "172.17.0.1",
            "GlobalIPv6Address": "",
            "GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
            "IPAddress": "172.17.0.2",
            "IPPrefixLen": 16,
            "IPv6Gateway": "",
            "MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:02",
            "Networks": {
                "bridge": {
                    "IPAMConfig": null,
                    "Links": null,
                    "Aliases": null,
                    "NetworkID": "a57b0c04a428019a14c56159a58728814d62664fa1903dc26c4219df69f16fe6",
                    "EndpointID": "3b9acce3e87c0289eac23d56de46e9f1bea569b86b8bdcf7f856305c71108802",
                    "Gateway": "172.17.0.1",
                    "IPAddress": "172.17.0.2",
                    "IPPrefixLen": 16,
                    "IPv6Gateway": "",
                    "GlobalIPv6Address": "",
                    "GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
                    "MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:02",
                    "DriverOpts": null
                }
            }
        }
    }
]

进入当前正在运行的容器

# 我们通常容器都是使用后台方式运行的,需要进入容器,修改一些设置
# 方法一 命令 docker exec -it 容器ID bashShell;
[root@wulijingjing ~]# docker exec -it e7edbce67299 /bin/bash
[root@e7edbce67299 /]# ll
bash: ll: command not found
[root@e7edbce67299 /]# ls
bin  dev  etc  home  lib  lib64  lost+found  media  mnt  opt  proc  root  run  sbin  srv  sys  tmp  usr  var

# 方法二 命令 docker attach 容器ID
[root@wulijingjing ~]# docker attach  e7edbce67299 
[root@e7edbce67299 /]# 
# docker exec 进入容器以后开启一个新的终端,可以在里面操作(常用)
# docker attach  进入容器正在执行的终端,不会启动新的进程!
# 进入容器
[root@wulijingjing home]# docker attach  e7edbce67299
[root@e7edbce67299 /]# ls
bin  dev  etc  home  lib  lib64  lost+found  media  mnt  opt  proc  root  run  sbin  srv  sys  tmp  usr  var
[root@e7edbce67299 /]# cd home
# 在容器中创建文件
[root@e7edbce67299 home]# touch test.java
[root@e7edbce67299 home]# ls
test.java
[root@e7edbce67299 home]# exit
exit
# 没有正在运行的容器,也可以复制文件,只要容器没有被删除就行。
[root@wulijingjing home]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND   CREATED   STATUS    PORTS     NAMES
[root@wulijingjing home]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS                           PORTS     NAMES
e7edbce67299   centos    "/bin/bash"              About an hour ago   Exited (0) 12 seconds ago                  stoic_tu
5b440b8e235a   centos    "/bin/sh -c 'while t…"   About an hour ago   Exited (137) About an hour ago             adoring_haibt
3b4d5e7afa97   centos    "/bin/bash"              2 hours ago         Exited (0) 2 hours ago                     youthful_noyce
8c73f13caa80   centos    "/bin/bash"              2 hours ago         Exited (0) 2 hours ago                     intelligent_agnesi
# 将这些文件拷贝出来到主机上
[root@wulijingjing home]# docker cp e7edbce67299:/home/test.java /home
[root@wulijingjing home]# ls
docker  skylandMysql  test.java  vehicle  wujingjing

# 拷贝是个手动的过程,未来使用-v卷的技术,可以实现,自动同步。

总结

 attach      Attach local standard input, output, and error streams to a running container   # 当前shell下attach连接指定运行镜像,进入原来的命令行
  build       Build an image from a Dockerfile                                                # 通过Dockerfile定制镜像
  commit      Create a new image from a container's changes                                   # 提交当前容器为新的镜像
  cp          Copy files/folders between a container and the local filesystem                 # 从容器中拷贝指定文件或者目录到宿主机中
  create      Create a new container                                                          # 创建一个新的容器,但不启动
  diff        Inspect changes to files or directories on a container's filesystem             # 查看docker容器变化
  events      Get real time events from the server                                            # 从docker服务获取容器实时事件
  exec        Run a command in a running container                                            # 在已经存在的容器上运行命令
  export      Export a container's filesystem as a tar archive                                # 导出容器的内容流作为一个tar归档文件【对应import】
  history     Show the history of an image                                                    # 展示一个镜像形成历史
  images      List images                                                                     # 列出系统的所有镜像
  import      Import the contents from a tarball to create a filesystem image                 # 从tar包中的内容创建一个新的文件系统映像【对应export】
  info        Display system-wide information                                                 # 显示系统相关的信息
  inspect     Return low-level information on Docker objects                                  # 查看容器详细信息
  kill        Kill one or more running containers                                             # kill 指定的 docker 容器
  load        Load an image from a tar archive or STDIN                                       # 从一个tar包中加载一个镜像【对应save】
  login       Log in to a Docker registry                                                     # 注册或者登录一个docker源服务器
  logout      Log out from a Docker registry                                                  # 从当前的docker registry 退出
  logs        Fetch the logs of a container                                                   # 输出当前容器日志信息
  pause       Pause all processes within one or more containers                               # 暂停容器
  port        List port mappings or a specific mapping for the container                      # 查看映射端口对应的容器内部源端口
  ps          List containers                                                                 # 列出容器列表
  pull        Pull an image or a repository from a registry                                   # 从docker镜像源服务器拉取指定镜像或者镜像库
  push        Push an image or a repository to a registry                                     # 推送指定的镜像或者镜像库到docker源服务器
  rename      Rename a container                                                              # 重命名容器
  restart     Restart one or more containers                                                  # 重启运行的容器
  rm          Remove one or more containers                                                   # 移除一个或者多个容器
  rmi         Remove one or more images                                                       # 移除一个或者多个镜像【镜像必须没有容器使用才可删除,或者直接-f强制删除】
  run         Run a command in a new container                                                # 创建一个新的容器并且运行
  save        Save one or more images to a tar archive (streamed to STDOUT by default)        # 保存一个镜像为一个tar包【对应load】
  search      Search the Docker Hub for images                                                # 在docker hub中搜索镜像
  start       Start one or more stopped containers                                            # 启动容器
  stats       Display a live stream of container(s) resource usage statistics                 # 
  stop        Stop one or more running containers                                             # 停止镜像
  tag         Create a tag TARGET_IMAGE that refers to SOURCE_IMAGE                           # 给源中镜像打标签
  top         Display the running processes of a container                                    # 查看容器中运行的进程信息
  unpause     Unpause all processes within one or more containers                             # 取消暂停容器
  update      Update configuration of one or more containers
  version     Show the Docker version information                                             # 查看docker版本号
  wait        Block until one or more containers stop, then print their exit codes            # 截取容器停止时的退出状态

 

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