Hibernate细粒度划分

概念

假如有这样一张数据表

DROP TABLE IF EXISTS User;

CREATE TABLE USER(
    uid        VARCHAR(20),
    name       VARCHAR(50),
    age        INT,
    birthday   DATE,
    address    VARCHAR(100),
    zipcode    VARCHAR(50),
    phone      VARCHAR(50),
    CONSTRAINT pk_uid PRIMARY KEY(uid)
);

按照Hibernate的传统做法，应该建立一个POJO类与之映射，即：

public class User {
    private String uid;
    private String name;
    private Integer age;
    private Date birthday;
    private String address;
    private String zipcode;
    private String phone;
    //方法省略
}

数据表与POJO类就形成了如下关系：

然而以上的对应关系不符合面向对象的定义，即我们不应该将所有的表中字段全部映射为一个POJO类中的属性，以以上代码为例，它可以分为3个组成：User类，UserBasic类和UserContract。
UserBasic类：

import java.sql.Date;

public class UserBasic {
    private String name;
    private Integer age;
    private Date birthday;
}

UserContract类：

public class UserContract {
    private String address;
    private String zipcode;
    private String phone;
}

Usert类：

public class User {
    private String uid;
    private UserBasic userBasic = new UserBasic();
    private UserContract userContract = new UserContract();
}

其应该符合以下的对应关系：

基于*.hbm.xml实现细粒度划分

虽然现在只有一张User表，但是却有三个实体类，并且这些实体类之间是有引用关系的，而要想使用使用Hibernate开发，就必须将这些关系在配置文件中展示。

<?xml version='1.0' encoding='utf-8'?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC
    "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN"
    "http://www.hibernate.org/dtd/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd">
<hibernate-mapping>
    <class name="com.gub.vo.User" table="user" schema="company">
        <!--不更换如何操作,每一个*.hbm.xml文件只会与一个POJO类关联-->
        <id name="uid" column="uid"/>
        <!--此处配置的是User类中的userBasic属性的类型及包含的内容-->
        <component name="userBasic" class="com.gub.vo.UserBasic">
            <property name="name" column="name"/>
            <property name="age" column="age"/>
            <property name="birthday" column="birthday"/>
        </component>
        <!--此处配置的是User类中的userContract属性的类型及包含的内容-->
        <component name="userContract" class="com.gub.vo.UserContract">
            <property name="address" column="address"/>
            <property name="zipcode" column="zipcode"/>
            <property name="phone" column="phone"/>
        </component>
    </class>
</hibernate-mapping>

配置完成之后，直接使用程序进行增加测试：

package test;

import com.gub.dbc.HibernateSessionFactory;
import com.gub.vo.User;

import java.util.Date;

public class UserTest {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        User user = new User();
        user.setUid("NicholasGUB");
        user.getUserBasic().setName("GUB");
        user.getUserBasic().setAge(22);
        user.getUserBasic().setBirthday(new Date());
        user.getUserContract().setAddress("xx省xx市");
        user.getUserContract().setPhone("15600777563");
        user.getUserContract().setZipcode("x-c105102");
        HibernateSessionFactory.getSession().save(user);
        HibernateSessionFactory.getSession().beginTransaction().commit();
        HibernateSessionFactory.closeSession();
    }
}

运行程序发现数据保存成功：

增加测试完成之后，在对数据读取进行测试：

package test;

import com.gub.dbc.HibernateSessionFactory;
import com.gub.vo.User;

public class UserTest {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        User user = (User)HibernateSessionFactory.getSession().get(User.class,"NicholasGUB");
        System.out.println(user);
        HibernateSessionFactory.closeSession();
    }
}

运行程序发现数据读取成功：
User{uid=‘NicholasGUB’, userBasic=UserBasic{name=‘GUB’, age=22, birthday=2020-05-12 08:00:00.0}, userContract=UserContract{address=‘xx省xx市’, zipcode=‘x-c105102’, phone=‘15600777563’}}

基于Annotation的细粒度划分

首先生成一个基于Annotation配置的User类，随后进行修改

1. 创建支持Annotation配置的UserBasic类

import javax.persistence.*;
import java.io.Serializable;
import java.sql.Date;

@SuppressWarnings("serial")
@Embeddable
@AttributeOverrides({
        @AttributeOverride(name="name",column = @Column(name="name")),
        @AttributeOverride(name="age",column = @Column(name="age")),
        @AttributeOverride(name="birthday",column = @Column(name="birthday"))
})
public class UserBasic implements Serializable {

    private String name;
    private Integer age;
    private Date birthday;

    //Setter、Getter略
}

2. 创建支持Annotation配置的UserContract类

import javax.persistence.*;
import java.io.Serializable;

@SuppressWarnings("serial")
@Embeddable
@AttributeOverrides({
        @AttributeOverride(name = "address",column = @Column(name="address")),
        @AttributeOverride(name = "zipcode",column = @Column(name="zipcode")),
        @AttributeOverride(name = "phone",column = @Column(name="phone"))
})
public class UserContract implements Serializable {

    private String address;
    private String zipcode;
    private String phone;

    //Setter、Getter略

}

3. 修改User类定义

import javax.persistence.Column;
import javax.persistence.Entity;
import javax.persistence.Id;

@Entity
public class User {

   private String uid;
   private UserBasic basic = new UserBasic();
   private UserContract contract = new UserContract();

   @Id
   @Column(name = "uid")
   public String getUid() {
       return uid;
   }

   public void setUid(String uid) {
       this.uid = uid;
   }

   public UserBasic getBasic() {
       return basic;
   }

   public void setBasic(UserBasic basic) {
       this.basic = basic;
   }

   public UserContract getContract() {
       return contract;
   }

   public void setContract(UserContract contract) {
       this.contract = contract;
   }
}

使用上例的测试代码进行测试，发现结果与在*.hbm.xml文件的配置相同。