异常处理

一句话总结：使用得当，如虎添翼；处处滥用，养虎为患。

1、自定义抛出异常

#include <iostream>

#include "CRTTI.hpp"

#include <time.h>

using namespace std;

int testException()

{

    //throw 1.0;

    //throw 1;

    string str1("kkk");

    throw str1;

    return 1;

}

int main(int argc, const char * argv[]) {

    // insert code here...

    clock_t startTime = clock();

    cout<<"test exception"<<endl;

    try {

        testException();

    } catch (int) {

        cout<<"catch int exception"<<endl;

    } catch (double i ) {

        cout<<"catch double exception: "<<i<<endl;

    } catch(string str) {

        cout<<"catch string exception: "<<str<<endl;

    } catch(char *str) {

        cout<<"catch char* exception: "<<str<<endl;

    } catch (...) {

        cout<<"unknown exception"<<endl;

    }

    clock_t endTime = clock();

    cout<<"cost time: "<<(endTime-startTime)*1.0/CLOCKS_PER_SEC<<endl;

    return 0;

}

2、继承异常类

class CMyException : public exception

{

    virtual const char* what() const throw()//后面的const throw()不是函数,这个东西叫异常规格说明,

    //表示what函数可以抛出异常的类型,类型说明放到()里，如throw(int),这里面没有类型,就是声明这个函数不抛出异常，

    //如果去掉后面的const throw()表示可以抛出任何异常，如virtual const char* what()

    {

        return "My exception happened";

    }

}myException;

int main(int argc, const char * argv[]) {

    // insert code here...

    try {

        if (true) {

            throw myException;

        }

    } catch (exception &e) {

        cout<<e.what()<<endl;

    }

    

    

    clock_t startTime = clock();

    clock_t endTime = clock();

    cout<<"cost time: "<<(endTime-startTime)*1.0/CLOCKS_PER_SEC<<endl;

    return 0;

}

3、标准异常

int main(int argc, const char * argv[]) {

    // insert code here...

    try {

        int* a = new int[1000000000000000];

    } catch (exception &e) {

        cout<<e.what()<<endl;

    }

    return 0;

}

输出信息：

CppProduct(44654,0x100085000) malloc: *** mach_vm_map(size=4000000000000000) failed (error code=3)

*** error: can't allocate region

*** set a breakpoint in malloc_error_break to debug

std::bad_alloc

Program ended with exit code: 0

不catch异常，就不会出现std::bad_alloc