SpringBoot--使用@Async实现异步功能

一、概述

针对一些方法之间没有相互依赖关系的调用，我们通常可以使用异步调用，这样可以减少方法执行的时间，针对SpringBoot，我们可以使用@Async实现异步调用的功能。

二、示例演示

package com.liutao.component;

import org.springframework.scheduling.annotation.Async;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

import java.util.Random;

/**
 * 演示@Async实现异步调用
 *
 * @author LIUTAO
 * @version 2017/5/9
 * @see
 * @since
 */
@Component
public class Task {
    private static Random random = new Random();

    @Async
    public void doTaskOne() throws InterruptedException {
        System.out.println("begin task-one");
        long startTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
        Thread.sleep(random.nextInt(1000));
        long endTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
        System.out.println("the time of completing task-one :"+(endTime-startTime));
    }

    @Async
    public void doTaskTwo() throws InterruptedException {
        System.out.println("begin task-two");
        long startTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
        Thread.sleep(random.nextInt(1000));
        long endTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
        System.out.println("the time of completing task-two :"+(endTime-startTime));
    }

    @Async
    public void doTaskThree() throws InterruptedException {
        System.out.println("begin task-three");
        long startTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
        Thread.sleep(random.nextInt(1000));
        long endTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
        System.out.println("the time of completing task-three :"+(endTime-startTime));
    }

}

package com.liutao.component;

import com.liutao.application.Application;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner;

/**
 * 测试@Async标签功能
 *
 * @author LIUTAO
 * @version 2017/5/9
 * @see
 * @since
 */
@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@SpringBootTest(classes = Application.class)
public class AsyncTest {

    @Autowired
    private Task task;

    @Test
    public void test() throws InterruptedException {
        task.doTaskOne();
        task.doTaskTwo();
        task.doTaskThree();
    }

}

package com.liutao.application;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.ComponentScan;
import org.springframework.scheduling.annotation.EnableAsync;

/**
 * 程序启动主类
 *
 * @author LIUTAO
 * @version 2017/3/29
 * @see
 * @since
 */
@SpringBootApplication
@EnableAsync
@ComponentScan(basePackages={"com.liutao"})
public class Application {

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		SpringApplication.run(Application.class, args);
	}
}

注意：针对上面的示例，我们使用@Async注解相应的方法，使方法调用采用异步的方式，同时注意要在应用启动类上添加@EnableAsync标签。但是这样使用的情况下，我们无法获得异步方法执行的结果，如果我们想要取得异步方法执行的结果，又应该如何处理呢？

package com.liutao.component;

import org.springframework.scheduling.annotation.Async;
import org.springframework.scheduling.annotation.AsyncResult;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

import java.util.Random;
import java.util.concurrent.Future;

/**
 * 演示@Async实现异步调用
 *
 * @author LIUTAO
 * @version 2017/5/9
 * @see
 * @since
 */
@Component
public class Task {
    private static Random random = new Random();

    @Async
    public Future<String> doTaskOne() throws InterruptedException {
        System.out.println("begin task-one");
        long startTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
        Thread.sleep(random.nextInt(1000));
        long endTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
        System.out.println("the time of completing task-one :"+(endTime-startTime));
        return new AsyncResult<>("task-one finish");
    }

    @Async
    public Future<String> doTaskTwo() throws InterruptedException {
        System.out.println("begin task-two");
        long startTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
        Thread.sleep(random.nextInt(1000));
        long endTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
        System.out.println("the time of completing task-two :"+(endTime-startTime));
        return new AsyncResult<>("task-two finish");
    }

    @Async
    public Future<String> doTaskThree() throws InterruptedException {
        System.out.println("begin task-three");
        long startTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
        Thread.sleep(random.nextInt(1000));
        long endTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
        System.out.println("the time of completing task-three :"+(endTime-startTime));
        return new AsyncResult<>("task-three finish");
    }

}

package com.liutao.component;

import com.liutao.application.Application;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner;

import java.util.concurrent.Future;

/**
 * 测试@Async标签功能
 *
 * @author LIUTAO
 * @version 2017/5/9
 * @see
 * @since
 */
@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@SpringBootTest(classes = Application.class)
public class AsyncTest {

    @Autowired
    private Task task;

    @Test
    public void test() throws InterruptedException {
        long start = System.currentTimeMillis();
        Future<String> task1 = task.doTaskOne();
        Future<String> task2 = task.doTaskTwo();
        Future<String> task3 = task.doTaskThree();
        while(true) {
            if(task1.isDone() && task2.isDone() && task3.isDone()) {
                break;
            }
            Thread.sleep(1000);
        }
        long end = System.currentTimeMillis();
        System.out.println("the time of completing all task :"+(end-start));
    }

}

执行结果：

begin task-two
begin task-one
begin task-three
the time of completing task-two :444
the time of completing task-three :715
the time of completing task-one :857
the time of completing all task :1000

可以看见我们通过让异步方法返回Future<String>就可以实现获取返回结果。