Filter 基础

Filter生命周期

filter和Servlet相似。
1.filter是在应用启动时被创建和初始化。
2.filter是单例多线程的。
3.filter在应用被停止时销毁。
4.doFilter():无论是哪一个线程访问，只要是由该filter进行过滤，那么会执行该filter的dofilter方法，
并且是每过滤一次就会执行一次dofilter方法。
5.由于filter是单列多线程的，保证器线程安全问题，一般是不为filter添加可修改的成员变量。

创建filter的步骤
1.创建自己的filter实现Filter接口(java.servletx.*)

package com.javaweb.filters;

import java.io.IOException;

import javax.servlet.Filter;
import javax.servlet.FilterChain;
import javax.servlet.FilterConfig;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.ServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.ServletResponse;

public class SomeFilter implements Filter {


	@Override
	public void doFilter(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response,
			FilterChain chain) throws IOException, ServletException {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		System.out.println("执行SomeFilter");
		//放行操作，过滤请求后，把请求发送到服务器
		chain.doFilter(request, response);
		
	}

	@Override
	public void destroy() {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		System.out.println("filter销毁");
	}

	@Override
	public void init(FilterConfig filterConfig ) throws ServletException {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		System.out.println("filter初始化");
	}


}

2.注册filter，和servlet相似的注册方式

  <filter>
  	<filter-name>SomeFilter</filter-name>
  	<filter-class>com.javaweb.filters.SomeFilter</filter-class>
  </filter>
  <filter-mapping>
  	<filter-name>SomeFilter</filter-name>
  	<!--过滤所有请求-->
  	<url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
  </filter-mapping>

FilterConfig

FilterConfig：过滤器配置信息的对象。和servletConfig对象一样，可以获取配置信息的内容

package com.javaweb.filters;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.Enumeration;

import javax.servlet.Filter;
import javax.servlet.FilterChain;
import javax.servlet.FilterConfig;
import javax.servlet.ServletContext;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.ServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.ServletResponse;

public class SomeFilter implements Filter {


	private FilterConfig filterConfig;

	@Override
	public void doFilter(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response,
			FilterChain chain) throws IOException, ServletException {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		String filterName = filterConfig.getFilterName();
		System.out.println("filterName="+filterName);
		
		Enumeration<String> names = filterConfig.getInitParameterNames();
		while(names.hasMoreElements()){
			String name = names.nextElement();
			String value = filterConfig.getInitParameter(name);
			System.out.println(name+"="+value);
		}
		
		ServletContext servletContext = filterConfig.getServletContext();
		System.out.println("ServletContext="+servletContext);
		chain.doFilter(request, response);

	}

	@Override
	public void destroy() {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		System.out.println("filter销毁");
	}

	@Override
	public void init(FilterConfig filterConfig) throws ServletException {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		this.filterConfig = filterConfig;
	}


}

 <filter>
  	<filter-name>SomeFilter</filter-name>
  	<filter-class>com.javaweb.filters.SomeFilter</filter-class>
  	<init-param>
  		<param-name>name</param-name>
  		<param-value>流行</param-value>
  	</init-param>
  	<init-param>
  		<param-name>age</param-name>
  		<param-value>14</param-value>
  	</init-param>
  </filter>
  <filter-mapping>
  	<filter-name>SomeFilter</filter-name>
  	<url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
  </filter-mapping>

url-parrtern

第一种配置：<url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>对所有的请求进行拦截。

 <filter>
  	<filter-name>SomeFilter</filter-name>
  	<filter-class>com.javaweb.filters.SomeFilter</filter-class>
  </filter>
  <filter-mapping>
  	<filter-name>SomeFilter</filter-name>
  	<url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
  </filter-mapping>

第二种配置：<servlet-name>SomeServlet</servlet-name>对指定的访问servlet的请求进行拦截

 <filter>
  	<filter-name>SomeFilter</filter-name>
  	<filter-class>com.javaweb.filters.SomeFilter</filter-class>
  </filter>
  <filter-mapping>
  	<filter-name>SomeFilter</filter-name>
  	<servlet-name>SomeServlet</servlet-name>
  </filter-mapping>

dispathcher

dispatcher的取值：
1.REQUEST 默认值：对于任何的普通请求都进行拦截，但是请求转发中的forward和include除外。
2.INCLUDE：当访问某个servlet时，只会对其中进行了请求转发的include方式（getRequestDispatcher().incldue()）进行拦截。其他任何的请求不会进行拦截，包括这个servlet请求。
3.FOEWARD：当访问某个servlet时，只会对其中进行了请求转发的forward方式（getRequestDispatcher().forward()）进行拦截。其他任何的请求不会进行拦截，包括这个servlet请求。
4.ERROR:当跳转到一个错误处理页面时，对这个请求进行拦截。

 <filter>
  	<filter-name>SomeFilter</filter-name>
  	<filter-class>com.javaweb.filters.SomeFilter</filter-class>
  </filter>
  <filter-mapping>
  	<filter-name>SomeFilter</filter-name>
  	<servlet-name>SomeServlet</servlet-name>
  	<dispatcher>ERROR</dispatcher>
  </filter-mapping>
   <error-page>
  	<error-code>404</error-code>
  	<location>/error.jsp</location>
  </error-page>