Linux LVM 缩减卷 增加卷
1、卷和文件系统的大小关系
缩减卷前，需要先缩减文件系统大小
因为卷的大小不能低于文件系统大小，不然文件系统的数据会被损坏(缩减的卷那部分数据会丢失)。只有卷的大小不小于文件系统大小，才能把卷分配给文件系统。
直接缩减卷会报如下错误：
root@debian:~# lvs
LV VG Attr LSize Pool Origin Data% Meta% Move Log Cpy%Sync Convert
home debian-vg -wi-ao---- 72.12g
root debian-vg -wi-ao---- 18.72g
swap_1 debian-vg -wi-ao---- 976.00m
tmp debian-vg -wi-ao---- 1.17g
var debian-vg -wi-ao---- 6.55g
root@debian:~#
root@debian:~# lvresize -L -55G /dev/debian-vg/home
WARNING: Reducing active and open logical volume to 17.12 GiB.
THIS MAY DESTROY YOUR DATA (filesystem etc.)
Do you really want to reduce debian-vg/home? [y/n]: y^Hn
WARNING: Invalid input'yn'.
Do you really want to reduce debian-vg/home? [y/n]: n
Logical volume debian-vg/home NOT reduced.
root@debian:~# lvresize -L 55G /dev/debian-vg/home
WARNING: Reducing active and open logical volume to 55.00 GiB.
THIS MAY DESTROY YOUR DATA (filesystem etc.)
Do you really want to reduce debian-vg/home? [y/n]: n
Logical volume debian-vg/home NOT reduced.
root@debian:~# resize2fs /dev/
Display all 167 possibilities? (y or n)
root@debian:~# resize2fs /dev/debian-vg/home 17G
resize2fs 1.44.5 (15-Dec-2018)
Filesystem at /dev/debian-vg/home is mounted on /home; on-line resizing required
resize2fs: On-line shrinking not supported
2、先缩减文件系统大小，再缩减卷大小。
本次实验操作的目标是/home 分区上的 /dev/mapper/debian–vg-home 文件系统
2.1、先卸载文件系统 /dev/mapper/debian–vg-home
root@debian:~# umount /dev/
/dev/hugepages /dev/mqueue /dev/pts /dev/shm
root@debian:~# df -lTh
Filesystem Type Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
udev devtmpfs 5.9G 0 5.9G 0% /dev
tmpfs tmpfs 1.2G 18M 1.2G 2% /run
/dev/mapper/debian--vg-root ext4 19G 3.8G 14G 22% /
tmpfs tmpfs 5.9G 0 5.9G 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs tmpfs 5.0M 4.0K 5.0M 1% /run/lock
tmpfs tmpfs 5.9G 0 5.9G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda1 ext2 470M 57M 389M 13% /boot
/dev/mapper/debian--vg-tmp ext4 1.2G 408K 1.1G 1% /tmp
/dev/mapper/debian--vg-home ext4 71G 12M 67G 1% /home
/dev/mapper/debian--vg-var ext4 6.4G 324M 5.7G 6% /var
tmpfs tmpfs 1.2G 28K 1.2G 1% /run/user/116
tmpfs tmpfs 1.2G 0 1.2G 0% /run/user/0
root@debian:~# umount /dev/
/dev/hugepages /dev/mqueue /dev/pts /dev/shm
root@debian:~# umount /home
root@debian:~# df -lTh
Filesystem Type Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
udev devtmpfs 5.9G 0 5.9G 0% /dev
tmpfs tmpfs 1.2G 18M 1.2G 2% /run
/dev/mapper/debian--vg-root ext4 19G 3.8G 14G 22% /
tmpfs tmpfs 5.9G 0 5.9G 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs tmpfs 5.0M 4.0K 5.0M 1% /run/lock
tmpfs tmpfs 5.9G 0 5.9G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda1 ext2 470M 57M 389M 13% /boot
/dev/mapper/debian--vg-tmp ext4 1.2G 408K 1.1G 1% /tmp
/dev/mapper/debian--vg-var ext4 6.4G 324M 5.7G 6% /var
tmpfs tmpfs 1.2G 28K 1.2G 1% /run/user/116
tmpfs tmpfs 1.2G 0 1.2G 0% /run/user/0
2.2、卸载文件系统后，进行文件系统检查
root@debian:~# e2fsck --help
e2fsck: invalid option -- '-'
Usage: e2fsck [-panyrcdfktvDFV] [-b superblock] [-B blocksize]
[-l|-L bad_blocks_file] [-C fd] [-j external_journal]
[-E extended-options] [-z undo_file] device
Emergency help:
-p Automatic repair (no questions)
-n Make no changes to the filesystem
-y Assume "yes" to all questions
-c Check for bad blocks and add them to the badblock list
-f Force checking even if filesystem is marked clean
-v Be verbose
-b superblock Use alternative superblock
-B blocksize Force blocksize when looking for superblock
-j external_journal Set location of the external journal
-l bad_blocks_file Add to badblocks list
-L bad_blocks_file Set badblocks list
-z undo_file Create an undo file
root@debian:~# e2fsck -f /dev/
Display all 167 possibilities? (y or n)
root@debian:~# e2fsck /dev/
Display all 167 possibilities? (y or n)
root@debian:~# e2fsck -f /dev/m
mapper/ mem memory_bandwidth midi mqueue/
root@debian:~# e2fsck -f /dev/m
mapper/ mem memory_bandwidth midi mqueue/
root@debian:~# e2fsck -f /dev/mapper/
control debian--vg-home debian--vg-root debian--vg-swap_1 debian--vg-tmp debian--vg-var
root@debian:~# e2fsck -f /dev/mapper/debian--vg-home
e2fsck 1.44.5 (15-Dec-2018)
Pass 1: Checking inodes, blocks, and sizes
Pass 2: Checking directory structure
Pass 3: Checking directory connectivity
Pass 4: Checking reference counts
Pass 5: Checking group summary information
/dev/mapper/debian--vg-home: 237/4726784 files (0.8% non-contiguous), 444175/18906112 blocks
2.3、缩减文件系统到15G大小
root@debian:~# resize2fs /dev/mapper/debian--vg-home 15G
resize2fs 1.44.5 (15-Dec-2018)
Resizing the filesystem on /dev/mapper/debian--vg-home to 3932160 (4k) blocks.
The filesystem on /dev/mapper/debian--vg-home is now 3932160 (4k) blocks long.
2.4、缩减卷到15G大小
root@debian:~# lvreduce -L 15G /dev/debian-vg/home
WARNING: Reducing active logical volume to 15.00 GiB.
THIS MAY DESTROY YOUR DATA (filesystem etc.)
Do you really want to reduce debian-vg/home? [y/n]: y
Size of logical volume debian-vg/home changed from 72.12 GiB (18463 extents) to 15.00 GiB (3840 extents).
Logical volume debian-vg/home successfully resized.
经过 缩减卷到15G大小 这个操作，空出来的卷组空闲空间为为57.12G(72.12 GiB减去15.00 GiB)
2.5、挂载/dev/debian-vg/home 到/home分区
root@debian:~# mount /dev/
Display all 167 possibilities? (y or n)
root@debian:~# mount /dev/debian-vg/home /home
root@debian:~# df -lTh
Filesystem Type Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
udev devtmpfs 5.9G 0 5.9G 0% /dev
tmpfs tmpfs 1.2G 18M 1.2G 2% /run
/dev/mapper/debian--vg-root ext4 19G 3.8G 14G 22% /
tmpfs tmpfs 5.9G 0 5.9G 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs tmpfs 5.0M 4.0K 5.0M 1% /run/lock
tmpfs tmpfs 5.9G 0 5.9G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda1 ext2 470M 57M 389M 13% /boot
/dev/mapper/debian--vg-tmp ext4 1.2G 408K 1.1G 1% /tmp
/dev/mapper/debian--vg-var ext4 6.4G 324M 5.7G 6% /var
tmpfs tmpfs 1.2G 28K 1.2G 1% /run/user/116
tmpfs tmpfs 1.2G 0 1.2G 0% /run/user/0
/dev/mapper/debian--vg-home ext4 15G 12M 14G 1% /home
3、扩大root卷(使用缩减下来的home卷的空间)
扩展root前root大小查看
root@debian:~# df -lTh
Filesystem Type Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
udev devtmpfs 5.9G 0 5.9G 0% /dev
tmpfs tmpfs 1.2G 18M 1.2G 2% /run
/dev/mapper/debian--vg-root ext4 19G 3.8G 14G 22% /
tmpfs tmpfs 5.9G 0 5.9G 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs tmpfs 5.0M 4.0K 5.0M 1% /run/lock
tmpfs tmpfs 5.9G 0 5.9G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda1 ext2 470M 57M 389M 13% /boot
/dev/mapper/debian--vg-tmp ext4 1.2G 408K 1.1G 1% /tmp
/dev/mapper/debian--vg-var ext4 6.4G 324M 5.7G 6% /var
tmpfs tmpfs 1.2G 28K 1.2G 1% /run/user/116
tmpfs tmpfs 1.2G 0 1.2G 0% /run/user/0
/dev/mapper/debian--vg-home ext4 15G 12M 14G 1% /home
扩展root 增加的空间为57.12G
--- Volume group ---
VG Name debian-vg
System ID
Format lvm2
Metadata Areas 1
Metadata Sequence No 7
VG Access read/write
VG Status resizable
MAX LV 0
Cur LV 5
Open LV 5
Max PV 0
Cur PV 1
Act PV 1
VG Size <99.52 GiB
PE Size 4.00 MiB
Total PE 25477
Alloc PE / Size 10854 / <42.40 GiB
Free PE / Size 14623 / 57.12 GiB
VG UUID 4sHIMB-ia0f-0F05-n8sT-tTp8-mVsf-mMWm2F
root@debian:~# vgs
VG #PV #LV #SN Attr VSize VFree
debian-vg 1 5 0 wz--n- <99.52g 57.12g
root@debian:~# lvextend -L +50.12G /dev/debian-vg/root
Rounding size to boundary between physical extents: 50.12 GiB.
Size of logical volume debian-vg/root changed from 18.72 GiB (4793 extents) to 68.84 GiB (17624 extents).
Logical volume debian-vg/root successfully resized.
root@debian:~# vgs
VG #PV #LV #SN Attr VSize VFree
debian-vg 1 5 0 wz--n- <99.52g 7.00g
root@debian:~# lvextend -L +7G /dev/debian-vg/root
Size of logical volume debian-vg/root changed from 68.84 GiB (17624 extents) to 75.84 GiB (19416 extents).
Logical volume debian-vg/root successfully resized.
root@debian:~# vgs
VG #PV #LV #SN Attr VSize VFree
debian-vg 1 5 0 wz--n- <99.52g 0
root@debian:~# resize2fs /dev/mapper/debian--vg-root
resize2fs 1.44.5 (15-Dec-2018)
Filesystem at /dev/mapper/debian--vg-root is mounted on /; on-line resizing required
old_desc_blocks = 3, new_desc_blocks = 10
The filesystem on /dev/mapper/debian--vg-root is now 19881984 (4k) blocks long.
root@debian:~# df -lTh
Filesystem Type Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
udev devtmpfs 5.9G 0 5.9G 0% /dev
tmpfs tmpfs 1.2G 18M 1.2G 2% /run
/dev/mapper/debian--vg-root ext4 75G 3.8G 68G 6% /
tmpfs tmpfs 5.9G 0 5.9G 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs tmpfs 5.0M 4.0K 5.0M 1% /run/lock
tmpfs tmpfs 5.9G 0 5.9G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda1 ext2 470M 57M 389M 13% /boot
/dev/mapper/debian--vg-tmp ext4 1.2G 408K 1.1G 1% /tmp
/dev/mapper/debian--vg-var ext4 6.4G 324M 5.7G 6% /var
tmpfs tmpfs 1.2G 28K 1.2G 1% /run/user/116
tmpfs tmpfs 1.2G 0 1.2G 0% /run/user/0
/dev/mapper/debian--vg-home ext4 15G 12M 14G 1% /home
root@debian:~#
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