课时4 路由和Linux网卡配置实战

动态主机配置协议DHCP


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通过克隆一个服务器，网卡直接变成eth2，怎么修改呢？
方法一：
vim /etc/udev/rules.d/70-persistent-net.rules
里面有mac地址及网卡名
把eth1/eth2删掉，并把eth2修改为eth0

使其生效，方法：卸装载网卡驱动
找到eth2的网卡驱动名
方法一：dmesg | grep -i eth
方法二：ethtool -i eth2
卸载命令：modprobe -r e1000
装载命令：modeprobe e1000

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本地拷贝虚拟机文件，会产生mac地址冲突（一致）
在原机上点击设置→网卡→高级→生成
重启服务器
修改网卡名称

设置IP也有图形界面设置，set up 选第四个
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ifconfig 显示的是活动的网卡 -a 显示所有的网卡

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禁用网卡 ifconfig eth1 down（广泛性）
启用网卡 ifconfig eth1 up

命令禁用网卡 （局限性）
ifdown eth1
输入ifconfig，eth1的IP就没了
命令启用网卡
ifup eth1
如有不能禁用，则是没有该eth1的配置文件（创建/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfig-eth1）

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用ifconfgi设置IP地址 （临时性更改）
ifconfig eth1 1.1.1.1/24
ifconfig eth1 down
ifconfig eth1 up（则恢复原IP）如无IP配置文件，则无ip

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用ifconfig查看网卡是否支持广播
UP BROADCAST

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查看物理网络（网线、水晶头）是否正常：
1.用ifconfig查看接收发送包
输入ifconfig后，RX是接收包，TX是发送包，在VMware中手动断开网络连接（拔网线），这两个值就不变了
2.ip link 查看是否up或者down

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route 命令

查看 route -n
添加 route add
添加主机：route -host 6.6.6.6 gw 3.3.3.100 dev eth1
添加网络：route -net 8.8.8.8 netmask 255.255.255.255 gw 3.3.3.100
添加网段： route add -net 10.0.0.0 netmask 255.0.0.0 gw 192.168.30.100
注意网关是要和网卡接口是在同一个网段上
添加默认网络：route add default gw 192.168.30.2

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删除默认网络：route del default gw 192.168.30.2
删除主机：route del -host 6.6.6.6
删除网段：route del -net 100.0.0.0 netmask 255.0.0.0

网络重启：service network restart
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在两台服务器上，一个RSa（C7），一个RSb（C6），物理上在一块同一个交换机下。
RSaIP:192.168.1.100/24
RSbIP:192.168.2.100/24
两者要通信，则需要在路由上做配置
RSa:route add default dev ens37 只要是未知网络，从ens37网络发出去，都能接收
RSb:route add default dev eth1 只要是未知网络，从eth1网络发出去，都能接收
因为两台服务器因为物理上是一个网段的，能通信的

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两台服务器物理上在一个网段的，服务器IP配置也是对的，查看两台路由表，是否有该网段的路由记录，没有则添加。