从这一篇博客开始,我们将阅读AMS启动一个Activity的代码流程。
自己对Activity的启动过程也不是很了解,这里就初步做一个代码阅读笔记,为以后的迭代打下一个基础。
一、基础知识
在分析Activity的启动过程前,有必要先了解一下Activity相关的基础知识。
1、Task和Activity的设计理念
关于Android中Task和Activity的介绍,个人觉得《深入理解android》中的例子不错。
我们就借鉴其中的例子,进行相应的说明:
上图列出了用户在Android系统上想干的三件事,分别用A、B、C表示。
在Android中,每一件事可以被看作是一个Task;一个Task可以被细分成多个子步骤,每个子步骤可以被看作是一个Activity。
从上图可以看出,A、B两个Task使用了不同的Activity来完成相应的任务,即A、B两个Task的Activity之间没有复用。
但是在Task C中,分别使用了Task A中的A1、Task B中的B2。
这么设计的原因是:用户想做的事情(Task)即使完全不同,但是当细分Task为Activity时,就可能出现Activity功能类似的情况。
当Task A和Task B中已经有能满足需求的Activity时,Task C就会优先复用而不是重新创建Activity。
通过重用Activity可以节省一定的开销,同时为用户提供一致的界面和用户体验。
对Android的设计理念有一定的了解后,我们看看Android是如何组织Task及它所包含的Activity。
上图为一个比较经典的示例:图中的Task包含4个Activity。用户可以单击按钮跳转到下一个Activity。同时,通过返回键可以回到上一个Activity。
图中虚线下方为Activity的组织方式。从图中可以看出,Android是以Stack的方式来管理Activity的。
先启动的Activity成为栈底成员,被启动的Activity将作为栈顶成员显示在界面上。
当按返回键时,栈顶成员出栈,前一个Activity成为栈顶显示在界面上。
以上是一个Task的情况。当有多个Task时,Android系统只支持一个处于前台的Task,其余的Task均处于后台。
这些后台Task内部Activity保持顺序不变。用户可以一次将整个Task挪到后台或置为前台,如下图所示:
在AMS中,将用ActivityRecord来作为Activity的记录者、TaskRecord作为Task的记录者,TaskRecord中有对应的ActivityStack专门管理ActivityRecord。
2、启动模式
Android定义了4种Activity的启动模式,分别为Standard、SingleTop、SingleTask和SingleInstance。
Standard模式
我们平时直接创建的Activity都是这种模式。
这种模式的Activity的特点是:只要你创建并启动了Activity实例,Android就会向当前的任务栈中加入新创建的实例。退出该Activity时,Android就会在任务栈中销毁该实例。
因此,一个Task中可以有多个相同类型的Activity(类型相同,但不是同一个对象)。
Standard模式启动Activity的栈结构如下图所示:
SingleTop模式
这种模式会考虑当前要激活的Activity实例在任务栈中是否正处于栈顶。
如果处于栈顶则无需重新创建新的实例,将重用已存在的实例,
否则会在任务栈中创建新的实例。
SingleTop模式启动Activity的栈结构如下图所示:
注意:当用SingleTop模式启动位于栈顶的Activity时,并不会创建新的Activity,但栈顶Activity的onNewIntent函数将被调用。
SingleTask模式
在该种模式下,只要Activity在一个栈中存在,那么多次启动此Activity都不会重新创建实例。和SingleTop一样,系统也会回调其onNewIntent。
具体一点,当一个具有singleTask模式的Activity A请求启动后,系统先会寻找是否存在A想要的任务栈。
如果不存在对应任务栈,就重新创建一个任务栈,然后创建A的实例后,把A放到任务栈中。
如果存在A所需的任务栈,那么系统将判断该任务栈中是否有实例A。
如果有实例A,那么系统就将A调到栈顶并调用其onNewIntent方法(会清空A之上的Activity)。
如果没有实例A,那么系统就创建实例A并压入栈中。
SingleTask模式启动Activity的栈结构如下图所示:
SingleInstance模式
SingleInstance模式是一种加强版的SingleTask模式,它除了具有SingleTask所有的特性外,还加强了一点,那就是具有此模式的Activity只能单独地位于一个任务栈中。
3、Intent Flags
启动模式主要是配置在xml文件中的,例如:
<activity android:name=".TestActivity"
android:launchMode="singleTask"
>
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除了启动模式外,Android在用Intent拉起Activity时,还可以使用Intent Flags控制Activity及Task之间的关系。
Intent Flags数量非常多,这里只列举其中的一部分:
Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_NEW_TASK
默认的跳转类型,将目标Activity放到一个新的Task中。
Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_CLEAR_TASK
当用这个FLAG启动一个Activity时,系统会先把与该Activity有关联的Task释放掉,然后启动一个新的Task,并把目标Activity放到新的Task。
该标志必须和Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_NEW_TASK一起使用。
FLAG_ACTIVITY_SINGLE_TOP
这个FLAG就相当于启动模式中的singleTop。
例如:原来栈中结构是A B C D。现在,在D中启动D,那么栈中的结构还是A B C D。
FLAG_ACTIVITY_CLEAR_TOP
这个FLAG类似于启动模式中的SingleTask。
这种FLAG启动的Activity会其之上的Activity全部弹出栈空间。
例如:原来栈中的结构是A B C D ,从D中跳转到B,栈中的结构就变为了A B了。
FLAG_ACTIVITY_NO_HISTORY
用这个FLAG启动的Activity,一旦退出,就不会存在于栈中。
例如:原来栈中的结构是A B C,现在用这个FLAG启动D。然后在D中启动E,栈中的结构为A B C E。
对这些基础知识有了一定的了解后,我们来看看AMS启动Activity的代码级流程。
在这一篇博客中,我们对代码流程的分析,将截止于启动Activity对应的进程。
于是,这部分流程中大部分的内容,将围绕Activity如何选择对应的Task来展开,
由于Task的选择还要涉及对启动模式、Intent Flags等的判断,
因此整个代码将极其的琐碎,需要很有耐心才能较仔细地看完。
二、am命令
我们将看看利用am命令如何启动一个Activity。
之所以选择从am命令入手,是因为当我们从一个Activity拉起另一个Activity时,
当前Activity对应的进程需要和AMS进行交互,
这就要求我们需要对进程中与AMS交互的对象比较了解时,才比较容易分析。
而从am入手分析,当被启动Activity被创建后,代码流程自然就会涉及到这个进程与AMS的交互,
整个逻辑的顺序很容易理解。
当我们利用adb shell进入到手机的控制台后,可以利用am命令启动Activity、Service等。
具体的格式类似于:
am start -W -n 包名(package)/包名.activity名称
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例如,启动浏览器的命令是:
am start -W -n com.android.browser/com.android.browser.BrowserActivity
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上面命令中的-W是一个可选项,表示等待目标activity启动后,am才返回结果;
-n ,表示后接COMPONENT。
am命令可接的参数有很多种,有兴趣可以研究一下,此处不再一一列举。
如同之前介绍pm安装apk的流程中提及的,pm命令是一个执行脚本。
am与pm一样,同样是定义于手机中的执行脚本。
am脚本的文件路径是frameworks/base/cms/am,其内容如下:
#!/system/bin/sh
#
# Script to start "am" on the device, which has a very rudimentary
# shell.
#
base=/system
export CLASSPATH=$base/framework/am.jar
exec app_process $base</span>/bin com.android.commands.am.Am <span class="hljs-string">"<span class="hljs-variable">$@"
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与调用pm命令类似,调用am命令同样最终会调用到Am.Java(frameworks/base/cmds/am/src/com/android/commands/am)的main函数。
这里的调用过程可以参考Android7.0 PackageManagerService (3) APK安装的第二部分。
现在我们直接看看Am.java的main函数:
/**
* Command-line entry point.
*
* @param args The command-line arguments
*/
public static void main(String[] args) {
//创建一个Am对象,然后执行run函数
(new Am()).run(args);
}
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Am继承自BaseCommand,上面的run函数定义于BaseCommand中:
/**
* Call to run the command.
*/
public void run(String[] args) {
..........
//将字符串封装到对象中,mArgs的类型为ShellCommand
mArgs.init(null, null, null, null, args, 0);
..........
try {
//子类实现
onRun();
} catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
......
} catch (Exception e) {
......
}
}
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现在进入到Am.java的onRun函数:
public void onRun() throws Exception {
mAm = ActivityManagerNative.getDefault();
..............
mPm = IPackageManager.Stub.asInterface(ServiceManager.getService("package"));
...............
//从父类的mArgs中中取出第一个参数
String op = nextArgRequired();
if (op.equals("start")) {
runStart();
} else if (op.equals("startservice")) {
runStartService();
} .........
...........
}
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从代码可以看出,am命令的功能很多,此处我们主要看看start相关的runStart函数:
private void runStart() throws Exception {
//makeIntent会解析参数,得到对应的Intent
//主要是结合Intent的parseCommandArgs函数和Am内部定义的CommandOptionHandler解析字符串
//比较简单,不做深入分析
Intent intent = makeIntent(UserHandle.USER_CURRENT);
..........
//获取mimeType
String mimeType = intent.getType();
if (mimeType == null && intent.getData() != null
&& "content".equals(intent.getData().getScheme())) {
//如果是"content"类型的数据,那么利用AMS获取对应的mimeType
mimeType = mAm.getProviderMimeType(intent.getData(), mUserId);
}
..........
do {
if (mStopOption) {
//处理-S选项,即先停止对应的Activity,再启动它
//这些变量,均是makeIntent函数解析参数得到的
...............
}
............
//通过am命令启动的Activity,附加了标志FLAG_ACTIVITY_NEW_TASK
intent.addFlags(Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_NEW_TASK);
............
if (mProfileFile != null) {
//处理-P选项,用于性能统计
.............
}
.............
//通过添加参数--stack,可以指定Activity加入到特定的Task中
//此处就是将对应的Stack Id将被写入到options中
//与脚本命令中的 -W 一样,--stack是一个可选项
ActivityOptions options = null;
if (mStackId != INVALID_STACK_ID) {
options = ActivityOptions.makeBasic();
options.setLaunchStackId(mStackId);
}
if (mWaitOption) {
//如果有-W选项,进入该分支
result = mAm.startActivityAndWait(null, null, intent, mimeType,
null, null, 0, mStartFlags, profilerInfo,
options != null ? options.toBundle() : null, mUserId);
res = result.result;
} else {
//不等待activity启动,直接返回
res = mAm.startActivityAsUser(null, null, intent, mimeType,
null, null, 0, mStartFlags, profilerInfo,
options != null ? options.toBundle() : null, mUserId);
}
//判断am命令是否执行成功,成功时会break
..........
mRepeat--;
.........
}while (mRepeat > 1);
}
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从上面的代码可以看出,am最终将调用AMS的startActivityAndWait或startActivityAsUser函数,来启动参数指定的Activity。
我们以startActivityAndWait为例进行分析。
三、startActivityAndWait流程
startActivityAndWait的参数比较多,先来大致看一下参数的含义:
public final WaitResult startActivityAndWait(
//在多数情况下,一个Activity的启动是由一个应用进程发起的
//IApplicationThread是应用进程和AMS交互的通道
//通过am启动Activity时,该参数为null
IApplicationThread caller,
//应用进程对应的pacakge
String callingPackage,
//启动使用的Intent和resolvedType
Intent intent, String resolvedType,
//均是给Activity.java中定义的startActivityForResult使用的
//resultTo用于接收返回的结果,resultWho用于描述接收结果的对象
//requestCode由调用者定义
IBinder resultTo, String resultWho, int requestCode,
//Intent携带的start activity对应的flag
int startFlags,
//性能统计有关
ProfilerInfo profilerInfo,
//用于指定Activity的一些选项
//从前面调用的代码来看,应该是指定Activity需要加入的Task
Bundle bOptions,
//表示调用的用户ID
int userId) {
..................
}
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现在我们看看startActivityAndWait函数的具体内容:
public final WaitResult startActivityAndWait(....) {
//进行权限检查相关的工作
.............
//用于存储处理结果
WaitResult res = new WaitResult();
//进入ActivityStarter中的流程
mActivityStarter.startActivityMayWait(caller, -1, callingPackage, intent, resolvedType,
null, null, resultTo, resultWho, requestCode, startFlags, profilerInfo, res, null,
bOptions, false, userId, null, null);
return res;
}
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上面代码中的ActivityStarter初始化于AMS的构造函数中,专门负载启动Activity相关的工作。
当我们通过am命令启动一个Activity时,假设系统之前没有启动过该Activity,那么从功能的角度来看,ActivityStarter调用artActivityMayWait函数后,系统将完成以下工作:
1、上文提及在Am.java中,为Intent增加了标志位FLAG_ACTIVITY_NEW_TASK,因此系统将为Activity创建ActivityRecord和对应的TaskRecord。
2、系统需要启动一个新的应用进程以加载并运行该Activity。
3、还需要停止当前正在显示的Activity。
接下来,我们跟进一下ActivityStarter的startActivityMayWait函数。
我们可以将该函数分为三部分进行分析:
1 第一部分
final int startActivityMayWait(............) {
...............
//判断是否指定了组件名
boolean componentSpecified = intent.getComponent() != null;
...............
//利用PKMS解析满足Intent等参数要求的信息
ResolveInfo rInfo = mSupervisor.resolveIntent(intent, resolvedType, userId);
...............
// Collect information about the target of the Intent.
// mSupervisor的类型为ActivityStackSupervisor, 负责管理Activity和对应Task之间的关系
// 此处,ActivityStackSupervisor实际仅从ResolveInfo中取出对应的ActivityInfo
ActivityInfo aInfo = mSupervisor.resolveActivity(intent, rInfo, startFlags, profilerInfo);
//得到options,其中可能指定了Activity需要加入的Task
ActivityOptions options = ActivityOptions.fromBundle(bOptions);
ActivityStackSupervisor.ActivityContainer container =
(ActivityStackSupervisor.ActivityContainer)iContainer;
synchronized (mService) {
//从am启动时,container为null
if (container != null && container.mParentActivity != null &&
container.mParentActivity.state != RESUMED) {
// Cannot start a child activity if the parent is not resumed.
//如果从一个Activity启动另一个Activity,从此处代码可以看出,
//要求父Activity已经执行过onResume
return ActivityManager.START_CANCELED;
}
final int realCallingPid = Binder.getCallingPid();
final int realCallingUid = Binder.getCallingUid();
....................
//以下代码是决定启动Activity时的Task
final ActivityStack stack;
if (container == null || container.mStack.isOnHomeDisplay()) {
//am启动,或Home来启动Activity
//stack为前台栈
stack = mSupervisor.mFocusedStack;
} else {
//当从一个Activity启动另一个Activity时,
//启动栈为父Activity的Task
stack = container.mStack;
}
//am启动时config == null
stack.mConfigWillChange = config != null && mService.mConfiguration.diff(config) != 0;
.................
//正常情况下,当一个Application退到后台时,系统会为它保存状态;当调度其到前台时,恢复它之前的状态,以保证用户体验的连续性
//AndroidManifest.xml中的Application标签可以申明一个CANT_SAVE_STATE属性
//设置了该属性的Application将不享受系统提供的状态保存/恢复功能,被称为heavy-weight process
if (aInfo != null &&
(aInfo.applicationInfo.privateFlags
& ApplicationInfo.PRIVATE_FLAG_CANT_SAVE_STATE) != 0) {
............................
}
...................
}
}
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从上面的代码来看,startActivityMayWait在第一阶段最主要的工作其实就是:
1、解析出与Intent相匹配的ActivityInfo。
2、得到启动该Activity的Task,即父Activity的Task或前台Task。
2 第二部分
..................
//用于保存启动Activity后,对应的ActivityRecord
final ActivityRecord[] outRecord = new ActivityRecord[1];
//调用startActivityLocked函数,进行实际的启动工作
int res = startActivityLocked(...............);
..................
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这一部分中,涉及到了启动Activity的核心函数startActivityLocked。该函数比较复杂,我们在后面单独分析。
当该函数成功执行完毕后,Activity将会被启动,并形成对应的ActivityRecord被AMS统一管理。
我们先看看startActivityMayWait函数第三部分的工作。
3 第三部分
...................
//outResult不等于null,表示等待启动结果
//目标Activity要运行在一个新的应用进程中,因此需要等待应用进程正常启动并处理相关请求
if (outResult != null) {
outResult.result = res;
if (res == ActivityManager.START_SUCCESS) {
mSupervisor.mWaitingActivityLaunched.add(outResult);
do {
try {
//一直等待,直到outResult显示Activity对应的Task成为front task
mService.wait();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
}
} while (outResult.result != START_TASK_TO_FRONT
&& !outResult.timeout && outResult.who == null);
if (outResult.result == START_TASK_TO_FRONT) {
res = START_TASK_TO_FRONT;
}
}
if (res == START_TASK_TO_FRONT) {
//Activity对应的task拉到前台后,一直要等到该界面被加载
ActivityRecord r = stack.topRunningActivityLocked();
if (r.nowVisible && r.state == RESUMED) {
outResult.timeout = false;
outResult.who = new ComponentName(r.info.packageName, r.info.name);
outResult.totalTime = 0;
outResult.thisTime = 0;
} else {
outResult.thisTime = SystemClock.uptimeMillis();
mSupervisor.mWaitingActivityVisible.add(outResult);
do {
try {
mService.wait();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
}
} while (!outResult.timeout && outResult.who == null);
}
}
}
...............
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从上面的代码可以看出,第三阶段的工作就是根据返回值做一些处理。
由于我们在输入的命令时,指定了-W选项,因此将进入wait状态等待Activity界面被显示。
四、startActivityLocked流程
接下来,我们看看上面提及到的核心函数startActivityLocked:
final int startActivityLocked(..............) {
//err用于保存错误信息
int err = ActivityManager.START_SUCCESS;
//用于保存启动Activity对应的进程信息
ProcessRecord callerApp = null;
//如果参数中的调用者不为空,则从AMS中找到对应的ProcessRecord,目的是得到调用者的pid和uid
//当利用am命令启动时,caller等于null
if (caller != null) {
callerApp = mService.getRecordForAppLocked(caller);
if (callerApp != null) {
callingPid = callerApp.pid;
callingUid = callerApp.info.uid;
} else {
................
}
}
final int userId = aInfo != null ? UserHandle.getUserId(aInfo.applicationInfo.uid) : 0;
.........................
//sourceRecord用于保存父Activity的信息
ActivityRecord sourceRecord = null;
//resultRecord用于保存接收启动结果的Activity
ActivityRecord resultRecord = null;
//对于startActivityForResult才有意义
if (resultTo != null) {
//利用ActivityStackSupervisor判断是否有resultTo对应的ActivityRecord
//这里的隐含条件是,resultTo的对象就是父Activity
sourceRecord = mSupervisor.isInAnyStackLocked(resultTo);
.................
if (sourceRecord != null) {
if (requestCode >= 0 && !sourceRecord.finishing) {
resultRecord = sourceRecord;
}
}
}
//得到启动Activity使用的标志位
final int launchFlags = intent.getFlags();
if ((launchFlags & Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_FORWARD_RESULT) != 0 && sourceRecord != null) {
// Transfer the result target from the source activity to the new
// one being started, including any failures.
//以这个标签启动的Activity,将接收原本发往父Activity的result
//这部分代码没细看,感觉没什么用吧。。。
....................
}
//检查一些条件是否满足,修改err的状态
.....................
//得到接收启动结果的Task
final ActivityStack resultStack = resultRecord == null ? null : resultRecord.task.stack;
if (err != START_SUCCESS) {
if (resultRecord != null) {
//如果存在err,需要返回错误信息
resultStack.sendActivityResultLocked(
-1, resultRecord, resultWho, requestCode, RESULT_CANCELED, null);
}
ActivityOptions.abort(options);
return err;
}
//检查权限
boolean abort = !mSupervisor.checkStartAnyActivityPermission(.............);
//根据IntentFirewall判断Intent是否满足要求
abort |= !mService.mIntentFirewall.checkStartActivity(.............);
//通过接口,可以为AMS设置一个IActivityController类型的监听者;AMS进行操作时,将会回调该监听者
//例如进行Monkey测试的时候,Monkey会设置该回调对象
if (mService.mController != null) {
try {
Intent watchIntent = intent.cloneFilter();
//交给回调对象处理,判断能否进行后续流程
//进行Monkey测试时,可以设置黑名单,处于黑名单中的Activity将不能启动
abort |= !mService.mController.activityStarting(watchIntent,
aInfo.applicationInfo.packageName);
} catch (RemoteException e) {
mService.mController = null;
}
}
................
//以上任一条件不满足时,进行通知
if (abort) {
if (resultRecord != null) {
resultStack.sendActivityResultLocked(-1, resultRecord, resultWho, requestCode,
RESULT_CANCELED, null);
}
// We pretend to the caller that it was really started, but
// they will just get a cancel result.
ActivityOptions.abort(options);
return START_SUCCESS;
}
// If permissions need a review before any of the app components can run, we
// launch the review activity and pass a pending intent to start the activity
// we are to launching now after the review is completed.
//在必要时,再检查一下权限,代码未细看,暂时觉得没有必要看
if (Build.PERMISSIONS_REVIEW_REQUIRED && aInfo != null) {
................
}
..............
//创建一个ActivityRecord对象
ActivityRecord r = new ActivityRecord(.........);
if (outActivity != null) {
outActivity[0] = r;
}
.........................
final ActivityStack stack = mSupervisor.mFocusedStack;
if (voiceSession == null && (stack.mResumedActivity == null
|| stack.mResumedActivity.info.applicationInfo.uid != callingUid)) {
//检查调用进程是否有权限切换Activity
if (!mService.checkAppSwitchAllowedLocked(callingPid, callingUid,
realCallingPid, realCallingUid, "Activity start")) {
//如果调用进程没有权限进行切换,则将本次Activity的启动请求保存起来
//后续有机会再进行启动
PendingActivityLaunch pal = new PendingActivityLaunch(r,
sourceRecord, startFlags, stack, callerApp);
mPendingActivityLaunches.add(pal);
ActivityOptions.abort(options);
return ActivityManager.START_SWITCHES_CANCELED;
}
}
//用于控制app switch
if (mService.mDidAppSwitch) {
mService.mAppSwitchesAllowedTime = 0;
} else {
mService.mDidAppSwitch = true;
}
//启动处于pending状态的Activity
doPendingActivityLaunchesLocked(false);
try {
//WindowManager延迟绘制
//个人觉得可能是为了优化性能,比如当前界面还有细节未绘制完,但要拉起一个新的界面,那么此时就不需要绘制了)
mService.mWindowManager.deferSurfaceLayout();
//调用startActivityUnchecked
err = startActivityUnchecked(r, sourceRecord, voiceSession, voiceInteractor, startFlags,
true, options, inTask);
} finally {
//WindowManager重新开始绘制(绘制当前的前台界面)
mService.mWindowManager.continueSurfaceLayout();
}
//此处将通知ActivityStarter, Activity对应的Task被移动到前台
postStartActivityUncheckedProcessing(r, err, stack.mStackId, mSourceRecord, mTargetStack);
return err;
}
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startActivityLocked函数比较长,但主干比较清晰,只是添加许多条件判断。
从代码来看主要工作包括:
1、处理sourceRecord和resultRecord。
sourceRecord表示发起本次请求的Activity,即父Activity对应的信息;
resultRecord表示接收处理结果的Activity。
在一般情况下,sourceRecord和resultRecord应指向同一个Activity。
2、处理app switch。
如果AMS当前禁止app switch,那么AMS会将本次请求保存起来,以待允许app switch时再进行处理。
从代码可以看出,当AMS可以进行app switch时,在处理本次的请求前,会先调用doPendingActivityLaunchesLocked函数。
doPendingActivityLaunchesLocked函数将启动之前因系统禁止app switch而保存的请求。
3、调用startActivityUnchecked处理本次Activity的启动请求。
在分析接下来的流程前,我们先看看app switch相关的内容。
在AMS中,提供了两个函数stopAppSwitches和resumeAppSwitches,用于暂时禁止App切换及恢复切换。
这种需求的考虑是:当某些重要的Activity处于前台时,不希望系统因为用户操作之外的原因切换Activity。
1、stopAppSwitches
先来看看stopAppSwitches:
public void stopAppSwitches() {
//检查调用进程是否有STOP_APP_SWITCHES权限
..............
synchronized(this) {
//设置了一个超时时间,目前为5s
//过了该时间,AMS可以重新切换App
mAppSwitchesAllowedTime = SystemClock.uptimeMillis()
+ APP_SWITCH_DELAY_TIME;
mDidAppSwitch = false;
//发送一个延迟消息,触发允许App Switch的操作
mHandler.removeMessages(DO_PENDING_ACTIVITY_LAUNCHES_MSG);
Message msg = mHandler.obtainMessage(DO_PENDING_ACTIVITY_LAUNCHES_MSG);
mHandler.sendMessageDelayed(msg, APP_SWITCH_DELAY_TIME);
}
}
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对于上面的代码,需要注意两点:
1、此处的控制机制名为app switch,而不是Activity switch。
这是因为如果从受保护的Activity中启动另一个Activity,那么这个新的Activity的目的应该是针对同一个任务。
于是这次的启动就不应该受app switch的制约。
2、执行stopAppSwitches后,应用程序应该调用resumeAppSwitches以允许app switch。
为了防止应用程序有意或者无意没调用resumeAppSwitches,在stopAppSwitches中设置了一个超时时间,过了此超时时间,系统会发送一个消息触发App Switch的操作。
2、resumeAppSwitches
现在我们看看resumeAppSwitches的代码:
public void resumeAppSwitches() {
//同样是进行权限检查
.............
synchronized(this) {
// Note that we don't execute any pending app switches... we will
// let those wait until either the timeout, or the next start
// activity request.
mAppSwitchesAllowedTime = 0;
}
}
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从代码可以看出,resumeAppSwitches只设置了mAppSwitchesAllowedTime的值为0,它并不处理在stop和resume这段时间内积攒起的Pending请求。
根据前面startActivityLocked函数,我们知道如果在执行resume app switch后,又有新的请求需要处理,则先调用doPendingActivityLaunchesLocked处理那些pending的请求。
此外,resumeAppSwitches函数中并没有撤销stopAppSwitches函数中设置的超时消息,所以当该消息被处理时,同样会触发处理pending请求的流程。
五、startActivityUnchecked流程
顺着请求的处理流程,我们接下来看看startActivityUnchecked函数。
startActivityUnchecked函数比较长,我们分段看一下。
Part-I
第一部分如下代码所示,主要用于判断是否需要为新的Activity创建一个Task。
private int startActivityUnchecked(.......) {
//根据参数重新设置类的成员变量
//将存储当前Activity对应的启动模式等信息
setInitialState(............);
computeLaunchingTaskFlags();
computeSourceStack();
mIntent.setFlags(mLaunchFlags);
...................
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我们依次看看上述代码中的几个函数:
1、setInitialState
private void setInitialState(.........) {
//重置当前类的成员变量
reset();
//用于保存当前准备启动的Activity
mStartActivity = r;
mIntent = r.intent;
...........
mSourceRecord = sourceRecord;
...........
mLaunchSingleTop = r.launchMode == LAUNCH_SINGLE_TOP;
mLaunchSingleInstance = r.launchMode == LAUNCH_SINGLE_INSTANCE;
mLaunchSingleTask = r.launchMode == LAUNCH_SINGLE_TASK;
................
// We'll invoke onUserLeaving before onPause only if the launching
// activity did not explicitly state that this is an automated launch.
//判断是否需要调用因本次Activity启动,而被系统移到后台的当前Activity的onUserLeaveHint函数
mSupervisor.mUserLeaving = (mLaunchFlags & FLAG_ACTIVITY_NO_USER_ACTION) == 0;
................
if (mOptions != null && mOptions.getLaunchTaskId() != -1 && mOptions.getTaskOverlay()) {
r.mTaskOverlay = true;
final TaskRecord task = mSupervisor.anyTaskForIdLocked(mOptions.getLaunchTaskId());
final ActivityRecord top = task != null ? task.getTopActivity() : null;
if (top != null && !top.visible) {
// The caller specifies that we'd like to be avoided to be moved to the front, so be
// it!
// 从代码来看,这一处有些奇怪
// 如果启动参数中指定了Activity需要加入的Task,但该Task的top Activity当前是不可见的
// 那么新启动的Activity也将不可见
mDoResume = false;
mAvoidMoveToFront = true;
}
}
............................
mNoAnimation = (mLaunchFlags & FLAG_ACTIVITY_NO_ANIMATION) != 0;
}
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上面的这部分代码,有些参数的用途目前还不太清楚,没有进行记录,以后重新阅读时,再进行添加和修改。
Activity启动时,Intent可以选择的Flag太多了,setInitialState对于一些不太常用的Flag也进行了判断。
因此,如果需要真正弄懂这一部分,还是要看看关于Intent中Flag相关的文档。
2、computeLaunchingTaskFlags
private void computeLaunchingTaskFlags() {
// If the caller is not coming from another activity, but has given us an explicit task into
// which they would like us to launch the new activity, then let's see about doing that.
//mSourceRecord == null,意味着新启动的Activity没有Activity
//mInTask != null && mInTask.stack != null, 意味着该请求指定了对应的希望加入的Task
//这些参数都是setInitialState解析函数输入参数得到的
if (mSourceRecord == null && mInTask != null && mInTask.stack != null) {
final Intent baseIntent = mInTask.getBaseIntent();
final ActivityRecord root = mInTask.getRootActivity();
.......................
// If this task is empty, then we are adding the first activity -- it
// determines the root, and must be launching as a NEW_TASK.
//如果以SingleInstance或SingleTask启动,判断一些条件是否满足
//从代码来看,如果参数指定Activity启动在某个Task中,同时启动模式又定义为SingleInstance或SingleTask
//那么对应的Task必须是空的,否则会报错
if (mLaunchSingleInstance || mLaunchSingleTask) {
.....................
}
// If task is empty, then adopt the interesting intent launch flags in to the
// activity being started.
if (root == null) {
//重新调整一下flag
......................
mIntent.setFlags(mLaunchFlags);
mInTask.setIntent(mStartActivity);
//表示将加入到指定的Task中
mAddingToTask = true;
// If the task is not empty and the caller is asking to start it as the root of
// a new task, then we don't actually want to start this on the task. We will
// bring the task to the front, and possibly give it a new intent.
} else if ((mLaunchFlags & FLAG_ACTIVITY_NEW_TASK) != 0) {
//如果指定Task不为空,同时启动参数携带了FLAG_ACTIVITY_NEW_TASK
//那么最终这个Activity还是会启动在一个新创建的Task内,因此mAddingToTask为false
mAddingToTask = false;
} else {
mAddingToTask = true;
}
//mInTask不为null时,说明要复用
mReuseTask = mInTask;
} else {
//这一部分才是我们比较常见的,即不指定启动Task的情况
mInTask = null;
// Launch ResolverActivity in the source task, so that it stays in the task bounds
// when in freeform workspace.
// Also put noDisplay activities in the source task. These by itself can be placed
// in any task/stack, however it could launch other activities like ResolverActivity,
// and we want those to stay in the original task.
//参考上面注释和下面代码,可以看出这是对特殊情况的处理
//当被启动的Activity是ResolverActivity或不需要显示的Activity时,
//如果父Activity存在且有足够的空间,那么这类Activity无条件地启动在父Activity所在的Task中
if ((mStartActivity.isResolverActivity() || mStartActivity.noDisplay) && mSourceRecord != null
&& mSourceRecord.isFreeform()) {
mAddingToTask = true;
}
}
//如果还没有找到待启动Activity对应的Task
//在下列情况下,为Activity添加FLAG_ACTIVITY_NEW_TASK标志
//参考注释和代码,比较容易理解
if (mInTask == null) {
if (mSourceRecord == null) {
// This activity is not being started from another... in this
// case we -always- start a new task.
if ((mLaunchFlags & FLAG_ACTIVITY_NEW_TASK) == 0 && mInTask == null) {
...............
mLaunchFlags |= FLAG_ACTIVITY_NEW_TASK;
}
} else if (mSourceRecord.launchMode == LAUNCH_SINGLE_INSTANCE) {
// The original activity who is starting us is running as a single
// instance... this new activity it is starting must go on its
// own task.
mLaunchFlags |= FLAG_ACTIVITY_NEW_TASK;
} else if (mLaunchSingleInstance || mLaunchSingleTask) {
// The activity being started is a single instance... it always
// gets launched into its own task.
mLaunchFlags |= FLAG_ACTIVITY_NEW_TASK;
}
}
}
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如同函数名一样,这部分代码主要用于决策是否在LaunchFlags中添加FLAG_ACTIVITY_NEW_TASK。
主要的思想可以简化为:
1、如果参数中,指定了希望Activity加入的Task,同时这个Task确实可用(不与当前的LaunchFlags矛盾),那么mInTask和mReuseTask的值不为null,不需要添加FLAG_ACTIVITY_NEW_TASK。
2、如果不满足1中的条件,即没有指定希望Activity加入的Task,或者指定的Task无法使用,在满足条件的情况下,会为LaunchFlags添加FLAG_ACTIVITY_NEW_TASK。
简单的一句话就是:在正常情况下,若现存Task中,没有待启动Activity可以使用的,就重新为其创建一个。
3、computeSourceStack
private void computeSourceStack() {
if (mSourceRecord == null) {
//无父Activity,对应的TaskRecord为null
mSourceStack = null;
return;
}
if (!mSourceRecord.finishing) {
//有父Activity,同时该Activity没有finishing,则记录对应的TaskRecord
mSourceStack = mSourceRecord.task.stack;
return;
}
// If the source is finishing, we can't further count it as our source. This is because the
// task it is associated with may now be empty and on its way out, so we don't want to
// blindly throw it in to that task. Instead we will take the NEW_TASK flow and try to find
// a task for it. But save the task information so it can be used when creating the new task.
// 阅读注释即可
if ((mLaunchFlags & FLAG_ACTIVITY_NEW_TASK) == 0) {
................
mLaunchFlags |= FLAG_ACTIVITY_NEW_TASK;
mNewTaskInfo = mSourceRecord.info;
mNewTaskIntent = mSourceRecord.task.intent;
}
mSourceRecord = null;
mSourceStack = null;
}
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这一部分代码主要用于记录父Activity对应的TaskRecord信息。
如同注释部分,当父Activity Finishing时,此父Activity对应Task不再作为新Activity的sourceStack,因为该Task有可能会被Android系统清理掉。
在这种情况下,Android系统将创建新的Task作为sourceStack,同时使这个新Task的信息与父Activity原有sourceTask信息相同。
至此,startActivityUnchecked的第一部分结束。
在这一部分中,代码主要判断Activity是否需要插入到现有Task中,同时当存在父Activity时,判断sourceTask是否有效。
所有的这些判断,最后都用于决策新启动的Activity是否需要携带FLAG_ACTIVITY_NEW_TASK标志,即是否需要新建一个Task对象。
Part-II
接下来,我们看看startActivityUnchecked的第二部分。
...................
//决定是否将新的Activity插入到现有的Task中
//返回null表示否
mReusedActivity = getReusableIntentActivity();
//从参数中得到希望Activity加入的Task对应的stackId
final int preferredLaunchStackId =
(mOptions != null) ? mOptions.getLaunchStackId() : INVALID_STACK_ID;
//以下,皆是当需要将新的Activity插入到现有的Task时,对应的处理过程
if (mReusedActivity != null) {
//LockTaskMode相关的处理,目前不太懂
.........
if (mStartActivity.task == null) {
//设置待启动Activity的Task
mStartActivity.task = mReusedActivity.task;
}
if (mReusedActivity.task.intent == null) {
// This task was started because of movement of the activity based on affinity...
// Now that we are actually launching it, we can assign the base intent.
//如果复用Activity之前的Task没有Intent,现在重新设置
mReusedActivity.task.setIntent(mStartActivity);
}
// This code path leads to delivering a new intent, we want to make sure we schedule it
// as the first operation, in case the activity will be resumed as a result of later
// operations.
//这里就是之前分析启动模式时提过的,以singleTask等方式启动现有Task中的Activity,将会清空其上的Activity
if ((mLaunchFlags & FLAG_ACTIVITY_CLEAR_TOP) != 0
|| mLaunchSingleInstance || mLaunchSingleTask) {
// In this situation we want to remove all activities from the task up to the one
// being started. In most cases this means we are resetting the task to its initial
// state.
//这里进行清空操作
final ActivityRecord top = mReusedActivity.task.performClearTaskForReuseLocked(
mStartActivity, mLaunchFlags);
if (top != null) {
if (top.frontOfTask) {
// Activity aliases may mean we use different intents for the top activity,
// so make sure the task now has the identity of the new intent.
//top Activity将会是待启动的Activity
top.task.setIntent(mStartActivity);
}
..................
//这里最后会出发待启动Activity的onNewIntent方法
top.deliverNewIntentLocked(mCallingUid, mStartActivity.intent,
mStartActivity.launchedFromPackage);
}
}
//这里应该是将复用Activity对应的Task移动到前台
mReusedActivity = setTargetStackAndMoveToFrontIfNeeded(mReusedActivity);
.......................
//最后根据复用Activity的信息,修改待加入Task相关的变量
setTaskFromIntentActivity(mReusedActivity);
.......................
}
..................
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这一段代码主要是针对复用Activity的场景,代码逻辑比较繁杂,但主要目的是:
当判断新启动的Activity可以复用现有Task中的Activity时,则按照Activity的启动模式,对该Activity所在的Task执行相应的操作。
接下来,我们看看其中比较关键的函数。
1、getReusableIntentActivity
getReusableIntentActivity将决定新启动的Activity是否可以复用现有的Activity。
/**
* Decide whether the new activity should be inserted into an existing task. Returns null
* if not or an ActivityRecord with the task into which the new activity should be added.
*/
private ActivityRecord getReusableIntentActivity() {
// We may want to try to place the new activity in to an existing task. We always
// do this if the target activity is singleTask or singleInstance; we will also do
// this if NEW_TASK has been requested, and there is not an additional qualifier telling
// us to still place it in a new task: multi task, always doc mode, or being asked to
// launch this as a new task behind the current one.
//根据标志位和启动模式,决定新启动的Activity是否要放入到已有的Task中,参看注释
boolean putIntoExistingTask = ((mLaunchFlags & FLAG_ACTIVITY_NEW_TASK) != 0 &&
(mLaunchFlags & FLAG_ACTIVITY_MULTIPLE_TASK) == 0)
|| mLaunchSingleInstance || mLaunchSingleTask;
// If bring to front is requested, and no result is requested and we have not been given
// an explicit task to launch in to, and we can find a task that was started with this
// same component, then instead of launching bring that one to the front.
putIntoExistingTask &= mInTask == null && mStartActivity.resultTo == null;
//保存返回结果
ActivityRecord intentActivity = null;
//如果启动参数中指定了TaskId,那么优先使用对应的Task
if (mOptions != null && mOptions.getLaunchTaskId() != -1) {
//ActivityStackSupervisor统一管理Task和Activity的组织关系
final TaskRecord task = mSupervisor.anyTaskForIdLocked(mOptions.getLaunchTaskId());
intentActivity = task != null ? task.getTopActivity() : null;
} else if (putIntoExistingTask) {
if (mLaunchSingleInstance) {
// There can be one and only one instance of single instance activity in the
// history, and it is always in its own unique task, so we do a special search.
intentActivity = mSupervisor.findActivityLocked(mIntent, mStartActivity.info, false);
} else if ((mLaunchFlags & FLAG_ACTIVITY_LAUNCH_ADJACENT) != 0) {
// For the launch adjacent case we only want to put the activity in an existing
// task if the activity already exists in the history.
intentActivity = mSupervisor.findActivityLocked(mIntent, mStartActivity.info,
!mLaunchSingleTask);
} else {
// Otherwise find the best task to put the activity in.
intentActivity = mSupervisor.findTaskLocked(mStartActivity);
}
}
return intentActivity;
}
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这段代码参照注释,不难理解它的意思:
当我们启动一个Activity时,优先是想进行复用。因此,需要寻找匹配该Activity的Task。
如果在启动参数中,指定了目标Task,那么显然需要利用ActivityStackSupervisor找到指定的Task。
如果指定的Task存在,那么新启动的Activity将插入到该Task的Top位置。
如果启动参数未指定启动Task,那么就需要根据Activity信息,利用ActivityStackSupervisor在当前的Task中进行匹配了。
具体的匹配规则,在这里就不做进一步展开了。
2、setTargetStackAndMoveToFrontIfNeeded
这一部分代码应该是,当可以进行Activity复用时,在必要的情况下,将待启动Activity所在的Task移动到前台。
private ActivityRecord setTargetStackAndMoveToFrontIfNeeded(ActivityRecord intentActivity) {
//保存待移动的ActivityStack
//这里也可以看出,每个Task有对应的ActivityStack,用于管理运行在其中的Activity
mTargetStack = intentActivity.task.stack;
mTargetStack.mLastPausedActivity = null;
// If the target task is not in the front, then we need to bring it to the front...
// except... well, with SINGLE_TASK_LAUNCH it's not entirely clear. We'd like to have
// the same behavior as if a new instance was being started, which means not bringing it
// to the front if the caller is not itself in the front.
//得到前台栈的top Activity
final ActivityStack focusStack = mSupervisor.getFocusedStack();
ActivityRecord curTop = (focusStack == null)
? null : focusStack.topRunningNonDelayedActivityLocked(mNotTop);
//条件满足时,需要进行移动到前台的操作
if (curTop != null
&& (curTop.task != intentActivity.task || curTop.task != focusStack.topTask())
&& !mAvoidMoveToFront) {
//添加对应的标志位
mStartActivity.intent.addFlags(Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_BROUGHT_TO_FRONT);
//觉得这里的判断是指,当父Activity存在时,才说明原来存在一个前台栈,才需要进行栈的移动
if (mSourceRecord == null || (mSourceStack.topActivity() != null &&
mSourceStack.topActivity().task == mSourceRecord.task)) {
// We really do want to push this one into the user's face, right now.
//mLaunchTaskBehind由特殊的标志决定
if (mLaunchTaskBehind && mSourceRecord != null) {
intentActivity.setTaskToAffiliateWith(mSourceRecord.task);
}
mMovedOtherTask = true;
// If the launch flags carry both NEW_TASK and CLEAR_TASK, the task's activities
// will be cleared soon by ActivityStarter in setTaskFromIntentActivity().
// So no point resuming any of the activities here, it just wastes one extra
// resuming, plus enter AND exit transitions.
// Here we only want to bring the target stack forward. Transition will be applied
// to the new activity that's started after the old ones are gone.
//前面介绍flag时,已经提到过当FLAG_ACTIVITY_CLEAR_TASK被使用时,
//被复用的Task整体会被清空,这里就是判断是否需要clear Task
final boolean willClearTask =
(mLaunchFlags & (FLAG_ACTIVITY_NEW_TASK | FLAG_ACTIVITY_CLEAR_TASK))
== (FLAG_ACTIVITY_NEW_TASK | FLAG_ACTIVITY_CLEAR_TASK);
if (!willClearTask) {
//得到待启动Activity将要加入的ActivityStack
//正常情况下,launchStack和TargetStack一致
final ActivityStack launchStack = getLaunchStack(
mStartActivity, mLaunchFlags, mStartActivity.task, mOptions);
if (launchStack == null || launchStack == mTargetStack) {
// We only want to move to the front, if we aren't going to launch on a
// different stack. If we launch on a different stack, we will put the
// task on top there.
//launchStack和TargetStack一致时,将ActivityStack对应的Task移动到前台
mTargetStack.moveTaskToFrontLocked(
intentActivity.task, mNoAnimation, mOptions,
mStartActivity.appTimeTracker, "bringingFoundTaskToFront");
mMovedToFront = true;
//以下是对不一致时的处理
} else if (launchStack.mStackId == DOCKED_STACK_ID
|| launchStack.mStackId == FULLSCREEN_WORKSPACE_STACK_ID) {
if ((mLaunchFlags & FLAG_ACTIVITY_LAUNCH_ADJACENT) != 0) {
// If we want to launch adjacent and mTargetStack is not the computed
// launch stack - move task to top of computed stack.
mSupervisor.moveTaskToStackLocked(intentActivity.task.taskId,
launchStack.mStackId, ON_TOP, FORCE_FOCUS, "launchToSide",
ANIMATE);
} else {
// We choose to move task to front instead of launching it adjacent
// when specific stack was requested explicitly and it appeared to be
// adjacent stack, but FLAG_ACTIVITY_LAUNCH_ADJACENT was not set.
mTargetStack.moveTaskToFrontLocked(intentActivity.task, mNoAnimation,
mOptions, mStartActivity.appTimeTracker,
"bringToFrontInsteadOfAdjacentLaunch");
}
mMovedToFront = true;
}
.............
}
....................
}
}
if (!mMovedToFront && mDoResume) {
..............
mTargetStack.moveToFront("intentActivityFound");
}
......................
return intentActivity;
}
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这段代码背后的逻辑还是比较复杂的。
不过从代码来看,在正常的情况下,若待启动的Activity可以被复用,那么对应的Task会被移动到前台。
至此,startActivityUnchecked第二部分代码分析完毕。
这部分代码我略去了很多的细节,但仍然很难一眼就看懂。
目前,我们仅需要记住这段代码的核心目的:当发现待启动的Activity可以复用时,在必要时将对应的Task移动到前台。
至于其它的判断分支,主要依赖于启动模式之类的信息。
Part-III
..............
// If the activity being launched is the same as the one currently at the top, then
// we need to check if it should only be launched once.
// 下面这段代码的功能就是判断,当待启动的Activity已经位于前台栈顶时,是否需要重新启动一个实例
final ActivityStack topStack = mSupervisor.mFocusedStack;
final ActivityRecord top = topStack.topRunningNonDelayedActivityLocked(mNotTop);
final boolean dontStart = top != null && mStartActivity.resultTo == null
&& top.realActivity.equals(mStartActivity.realActivity)
&& top.userId == mStartActivity.userId
&& top.app != null && top.app.thread != null
//可以粗略的认为,上面的判断是为了确保待启动的Activity与当前的前台Activity一致
//下面的判断,决定了是否需要重新创建一个实例
&& ((mLaunchFlags & FLAG_ACTIVITY_SINGLE_TOP) != 0
|| mLaunchSingleTop || mLaunchSingleTask);
if (dontStart) {
................
if (mDoResume) {
//resume top activity
mSupervisor.resumeFocusedStackTopActivityLocked();
}
...............
//调用onNewIntent函数
top.deliverNewIntentLocked(
mCallingUid, mStartActivity.intent, mStartActivity.launchedFromPackage);
..............
return START_DELIVERED_TO_TOP;
}
//表示是否创建新的Task
boolean newTask = false;
//得到Affiliate Task,这个具体的含义,不是很懂
final TaskRecord taskToAffiliate = (mLaunchTaskBehind && mSourceRecord != null)
? mSourceRecord.task : null;
if (mStartActivity.resultTo == null && mInTask == null && !mAddingToTask
&& (mLaunchFlags & FLAG_ACTIVITY_NEW_TASK) != 0) {
newTask = true;
//如果mReuseTask不为null,那么将mStartActivity的Task设置为mReuseTask
//否则,重新创建一个Task给mStartActivity使用
setTaskFromReuseOrCreateNewTask(taskToAffiliate);
...................
} else if (mSourceRecord != null) {
..................
//待启动的Activity使用父Activity的Task
//其中在必要时将父Activity的Task移动到前台
//若待启动的Activity存在于Task中,但不在Task的顶部,还需要将Activity移动到顶部
final int result = setTaskFromSourceRecord();
.................
} else if (mInTask != null) {
................
//对应于以指定Task启动Activity的情况
final int result = setTaskFromInTask();
................
} else {
// This not being started from an existing activity, and not part of a new task...
// just put it in the top task, though these days this case should never happen.
//待启动的Activity使用前台Task或重新创建一个Task
setTaskToCurrentTopOrCreateNewTask();
}
......................
//将待启动的Activity加入到mTargetStack的记录中,同时调用WindowManager准备App切换相关的工作
mTargetStack.startActivityLocked(mStartActivity, newTask, mKeepCurTransition, mOptions);
if (mDoResume) {
..................
final ActivityRecord topTaskActivity = mStartActivity.task.topRunningActivityLocked();
//待启动的Activity不可见的情况
if (!mTargetStack.isFocusable()
|| (topTaskActivity != null && topTaskActivity.mTaskOverlay
&& mStartActivity != topTaskActivity)) {
..................................
} else {
//最终调用resumeFocusedStackTopActivityLocked
mSupervisor.resumeFocusedStackTopActivityLocked(mTargetStack, mStartActivity,
mOptions);
}
} else {
.............
}
..............
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startActivityUnchecked第三部分代码最核心的内容是:决定是否为待启动的Activity创建对应的Task,同时将Activity和Task关联起来。
最后,调用ActivityStackSupervisor的resumeFocusedStackTopActivityLocked函数。
六、resumeFocusedStackTopActivityLocked流程
顺着代码流程,我们看看ActivityStackSupervisor中的resumeFocusedStackTopActivityLocked函数:
boolean resumeFocusedStackTopActivityLocked(
ActivityStack targetStack, ActivityRecord target, ActivityOptions targetOptions)) {
//待启动Activity对应的Task为前台Task时,调用该Task对应ActivityStack的resumeTopActivityUncheckedLocked函数
if (targetStack != null && isFocusedStack(targetStack)) {
return targetStack.resumeTopActivityUncheckedLocked(target, targetOptions);
}
final ActivityRecord r = mFocusedStack.topRunningActivityLocked();
if (r == null || r.state != RESUMED) {
//否则只是调用当前前台栈的resumeTopActivityUncheckedLocked
mFocusedStack.resumeTopActivityUncheckedLocked(null, null);
}
return false;
}
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我们跟进ActivityStack的resumeTopActivityUncheckedLocked函数:
boolean resumeTopActivityUncheckedLocked(ActivityRecord prev, ActivityOptions options) {
...............
try {
............
result = resumeTopActivityInnerLocked(prev, options);
} finally {
..........
}
.........
}
private boolean resumeTopActivityInnerLocked(ActivityRecord prev, ActivityOptions options) {
....................
// Find the first activity that is not finishing.
//从当前ActivityStack的记录中,找到第一个待启动的ActivityRecord
final ActivityRecord next = topRunningActivityLocked();
....................
if (next == null) {
..............
//当前的ActivityStack没有等待启动的Activity时,将启动Home
return isOnHomeDisplay() &&
mStackSupervisor.resumeHomeStackTask(returnTaskType, prev, reason);
}
..............
// The activity may be waiting for stop, but that is no longer
// appropriate for it.
// 将待启动的Activity从下面几个队列中移除
mStackSupervisor.mStoppingActivities.remove(next);
mStackSupervisor.mGoingToSleepActivities.remove(next);
next.sleeping = false;
mStackSupervisor.mWaitingVisibleActivities.remove(next);
// If we are currently pausing an activity, then don't do anything until that is done.
//如果系统当前正在中断一个Activity,需要先等待那个Activity paus完毕,
//之后系统会重新调用resumeTopActivityInnerLocked函数,找到下一个要启动的Activity
if (!mStackSupervisor.allPausedActivitiesComplete()) {
...............
return false;
}
mStackSupervisor.setLaunchSource(next.info.applicationInfo.uid);
// We need to start pausing the current activity so the top one can be resumed...
final boolean dontWaitForPause = (next.info.flags & FLAG_RESUME_WHILE_PAUSING) != 0;
//中断后台栈?
boolean pausing = mStackSupervisor.pauseBackStacks(userLeaving, true, dontWaitForPause);
//mResumedActivity指向上一次启动的Activity,也就是当前界面显示的Activity
if (mResumedActivity != null) {
..........
//如果当前界面显示了一个Activity,那么在启动新的Activity之前,必须中断当前的Activity
pausing |= startPausingLocked(userLeaving, false, true, dontWaitForPause);
}
if (pausing) {
................
// At this point we want to put the upcoming activity's process
// at the top of the LRU list, since we know we will be needing it
// very soon and it would be a waste to let it get killed if it
// happens to be sitting towards the end.
if (next.app != null && next.app.thread != null) {
//在中断当前界面的Activity时,调用待启动Activity所在进程的优先级,保证其不被kill
mService.updateLruProcessLocked(next.app, true, null);
}
................
return true;
} else if (mResumedActivity == next && next.state == ActivityState.RESUMED &&
mStackSupervisor.allResumedActivitiesComplete()){
// It is possible for the activity to be resumed when we paused back stacks above if the
// next activity doesn't have to wait for pause to complete.
// So, nothing else to-do except:
// Make sure we have executed any pending transitions, since there
// should be nothing left to do at this point.
//特殊情况,上面的代码中断后台栈,同时启动模式指定了FLAG_RESUME_WHILE_PAUSING
mWindowManager.executeAppTransition();
mNoAnimActivities.clear();
..........
return true;
}
// If the most recent activity was noHistory but was only stopped rather
// than stopped+finished because the device went to sleep, we need to make
// sure to finish it as we're making a new activity topmost.
//若之前存在未正常结束的Activity,那么要优先结束掉这些Activity
if (mService.isSleepingLocked() && mLastNoHistoryActivity != null &&
!mLastNoHistoryActivity.finishing) {
................
requestFinishActivityLocked(mLastNoHistoryActivity.appToken, Activity.RESULT_CANCELED,
null, "resume-no-history", false);
mLastNoHistoryActivity = null;
................
}
..............
// Launching this app's activity, make sure the app is no longer
// considered stopped.
try {
//通过PKMS,修改待启动Activity对应Package的stop状态
AppGlobals.getPackageManager().setPackageStoppedState(
next.packageName, false, next.userId); /* TODO: Verify if correct userid */
} catch (RemoteException e1) {
} catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
.................
}
...............
// We are starting up the next activity, so tell the window manager
// that the previous one will be hidden soon. This way it can know
// to ignore it when computing the desired screen orientation.
// 与WindowManager有关,通知它停止绘画
if (prev != null) {
............
} else {
............
}
//处理动画相关的选项
Bundle resumeAnimOptions = null;
if (anim) {
ActivityOptions opts = next.getOptionsForTargetActivityLocked();
if (opts != null) {
resumeAnimOptions = opts.toBundle();
}
next.applyOptionsLocked();
} else {
next.clearOptionsLocked();
}
...............
if (next.app != null && next.app.thread != null) {
//如果待启动的Activity已有对应的进程存在,则只需要重启Activity
..............
} else {
............
mStackSupervisor.startSpecificActivityLocked(next, true, true);
..............
}
.............
return true;
}
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resumeTopActivityInnerLocked函数非常繁琐,但整体来讲应该只有两个比较关键的地方:
1、如果mResumedActivity不为空,则需要先暂停这个Activity。
mResumedActivity代表当前已经存在于界面的Activity。当需要启动一个新的Activity时,需要先停止当前的Activity。
这部分工作由startPausingLocked函数来完成。
当前的Activity被中断后,将重新启动新的Activity。
2、当mResumedActivity为空时,若待启动的Activity对应的应用存在,那么仅需要重新启动该Activity;
否则,需要调用ActivityStackSupervisor的startSpecificActivityLocked函数,启动整个进程。
需要说明的是:
1、当系统启动第一个Activity,即Home时,mResumedActivity的值才会为null。
因此,即使我们以脚本的方式,启动一个Activity,也必须先中断当前的界面,才能进行后续的操作。
2、分析startPausingLocked函数时,将涉及到当前界面对应的进程、新启动Activity所在的进程,与AMS之间的交互,整体比较复杂。
因此还是先从简单的情况入手,看看直接启动新Activity所在进程的startSpecificActivityLocked函数。
从逻辑上看,猜测startPausingLocked函数中断现有Activity后,最终也会调用startSpecificActivityLocked启动新Activity。
七、startSpecificActivityLocked流程
现在我们跟进一下startSpecificActivityLocked函数:
void startSpecificActivityLocked(ActivityRecord r,
boolean andResume, boolean checkConfig) {
// Is this activity's application already running?
//从AMS中查询是否已经存在满足要求的进程
ProcessRecord app = mService.getProcessRecordLocked(r.processName,
r.info.applicationInfo.uid, true);
//设置启动时间
r.task.stack.setLaunchTime(r);
//如果对应进程已经存在,并向AMS注册过
if (app != null && app.thread != null) {
try {
if ((r.info.flags&ActivityInfo.FLAG_MULTIPROCESS) == 0
|| !"android".equals(r.info.packageName)) {
// Don't add this if it is a platform component that is marked
// to run in multiple processes, because this is actually
// part of the framework so doesn't make sense to track as a
// separate apk in the process.
//单进程非系统应用,向app中增加activity对应的package信息
//app中可能已经有对应的package信息了
app.addPackage(r.info.packageName, r.info.applicationInfo.versionCode,
mService.mProcessStats);
}
//通知进程启动目标Activity
realStartActivityLocked(r, app, andResume, checkConfig);
return;
} catch() {
............
}
}
//如果进程不存在,利用AMS的startProcessLocked函数,创建一个新的进程
mService.startProcessLocked(r.processName, r.info.applicationInfo, true, 0,
"activity", r.intent.getComponent(), false, false, true);
}
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顺着流程,进入AMS的startProcessLocked函数:
//一大堆的参数,遇到了再分析吧。。。。。
final ProcessRecord startProcessLocked(..........) {
//转调用
return startProcessLocked(..........);
}
final ProcessRecord startProcessLocked(......) {
long startTime = SystemClock.elapsedRealtime();
ProcessRecord app;
//isolated为false
if (!isolated) {
//根据processName和uid寻找是否已经存在processRecord
app = getProcessRecordLocked(processName, info.uid, keepIfLarge);
..............
//FLAG_FROM_BACKGROUND表示发起这次启动的Task属于后台任务
//如果没有设置该标志,那么本次启动请求就是由前台Task触发的
if ((intentFlags & Intent.FLAG_FROM_BACKGROUND) != 0) {
// If we are in the background, then check to see if this process
// is bad. If so, we will just silently fail.
//如果一个应用在1分钟内连续崩溃超过两次,AMS就会将其ProcessRecord加入到BadProcesses中
//正常情况下,一个应用崩溃后,系统会弹出一个警告框以提醒用户
//但是如果一个后台Task启动BadProcess,然后该Process崩溃,由于用户看不到该Process对应的界面,
//若弹出一个警告框,用户将觉得奇怪;因此,此处禁止后台Task启动BadProcess
if (mAppErrors.isBadProcessLocked(info)) {
........
return null;
}
} else {
// When the user is explicitly starting a process, then clear its
// crash count so that we won't make it bad until they see at
// least one crash dialog again, and make the process good again
// if it had been bad.
.........
//如果用户从界面主动选择启动一个Process,即使该Process是BadProcess,也不能禁止该操作
//而且还要清空对应Process的“不良”记录
//对比上面的代码,可以看出这其实是一种安全机制,防止不健全的程序不断启动潜在的崩溃组件,但该机制不限制用户行为
mAppErrors.resetProcessCrashTimeLocked(info);
if (mAppErrors.isBadProcessLocked(info)) {
........
mAppErrors.clearBadProcessLocked(info);
if (app != null) {
app.bad = false;
}
}
}
} else {
// If this is an isolated process, it can't re-use an existing process.
app = null;
}
.........
// We don't have to do anything more if:
// (1) There is an existing application record; and
// (2) The caller doesn't think it is dead, OR there is no thread
// object attached to it so we know it couldn't have crashed; and
// (3) There is a pid assigned to it, so it is either starting or
// already running.
............
if (app != null && app.pid > 0) {
if ((!knownToBeDead && !app.killed) || app.thread == null) {
// We already have the app running, or are waiting for it to
// come up (we have a pid but not yet its thread), so keep it.
............
// If this is a new package in the process, add the package to the list
//这个之前已经做过了,android代码写的比较冗余
app.addPackage(info.packageName, info.versionCode, mProcessStats);
..........
return app;
}
// An application record is attached to a previous process,
// clean it up now.
..............
//kill bad processes
.............
killProcessGroup(app.uid, app.pid);
handleAppDiedLocked(app, true, true);
..............
}
..................
if (app == null) {
..............
/创建出一个新的Process
app = newProcessRecordLocked(info, processName, isolated, isolatedUid);
..........
app.crashHandler = crashHandler;
.............
} else {
// If this is a new package in the process, add the package to the list
app.addPackage(info.packageName, info.versionCode, mProcessStats);
............
}
// If the system is not ready yet, then hold off on starting this
// process until it is.
if (!mProcessesReady
&& !isAllowedWhileBooting(info)
&& !allowWhileBooting) {
if (!mProcessesOnHold.contains(app)) {
mProcessesOnHold.add(app);
}
........
return app;
}
.............
//调用下一个startProcessLocked函数
startProcessLocked(
app, hostingType, hostingNameStr, abiOverride, entryPoint, entryPointArgs);
.......
return (app.pid != 0) ? app : null;
}
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这段代码对是否应该创建新进程进行判断,若需要创建新进程,将进一步调用重载后的startProcessLocked函数。
private final void startProcessLocked(......) {
.................
//启动一个进程
//若AMS之前维持着这个进程的信息,那么现在需要移除
if (app.pid > 0 && app.pid != MY_PID) {
................
synchronized (mPidsSelfLocked) {
mPidsSelfLocked.remove(app.pid);
mHandler.removeMessages(PROC_START_TIMEOUT_MSG, app);
}
...........
app.setPid(0);
}
..............
//mProcessesOnHold用于保存那些在系统还没有准备好就提前请求启动的ProcessRecord
mProcessesOnHold.remove(app);
..............
updateCpuStats();
.............
try {
try {
final int userId = UserHandle.getUserId(app.uid);
//通过PKMS检查待启动进程对应的package是否满足启动条件
AppGlobals.getPackageManager().checkPackageStartable(app.info.packageName, userId);
} catch (RemoteException e) {
throw e.rethrowAsRuntimeException();
}
int uid = app.uid;
int[] gids = null;
int mountExternal = Zygote.MOUNT_EXTERNAL_NONE;
if (!app.isolated) {
int[] permGids = null;
try {
final IPackageManager pm = AppGlobals.getPackageManager();
//通过PKMS得到进程对应的Gid
permGids = pm.getPackageGids(app.info.packageName,
MATCH_DEBUG_TRIAGED_MISSING, app.userId);
MountServiceInternal mountServiceInternal = LocalServices.getService(
MountServiceInternal.class);
//这里应该是判断进程对外部存储设备的访问模式
mountExternal = mountServiceInternal.getExternalStorageMountMode(uid,
app.info.packageName);
} catch (RemoteException e) {
..............
}
/*
* Add shared application and profile GIDs so applications can share some
* resources like shared libraries and access user-wide resources
*/
if (ArrayUtils.isEmpty(permGids)) {
gids = new int[2];
} else {
gids = new int[permGids.length + 2];
//permGid放到2,3号位置
System.arraycopy(permGids, 0, gids, 2, permGids.length);
}
//得到共享应用的gid信息
gids[0] = UserHandle.getSharedAppGid(UserHandle.getAppId(uid));
gids[1] = UserHandle.getUserGid(UserHandle.getUserId(uid));
}
................
//ABI表示应用程序二进制接口,ABI精确地定义了你的应用程序及其代码期在运行时如何和系统交互
String requiredAbi = (abiOverride != null) ? abiOverride : app.info.primaryCpuAbi;
if (requiredAbi == null) {
requiredAbi = Build.SUPPORTED_ABIS[0];
}
String instructionSet = null;
if (app.info.primaryCpuAbi != null) {
//得到对应的指令集
instructionSet = VMRuntime.getInstructionSet(app.info.primaryCpuAbi);
}
app.gids = gids;
app.requiredAbi = requiredAbi;
app.instructionSet = instructionSet;
// Start the process. It will either succeed and return a result containing
// the PID of the new process, or else throw a RuntimeException.
..........................
//指定反射的className
if (entryPoint == null) entryPoint = "android.app.ActivityThread";
//Process.java的start函数,将通过socket发送消息给zygote
//zygote将派生出一个子进程,子进程将通过反射调用ActivityThread的main函数
//注意此时传递给zygote的参数并没有包含任何与Activity相关的信息
Process.ProcessStartResult startResult = Process.start(entryPoint,
app.processName, uid, uid, gids, debugFlags, mountExternal,
app.info.targetSdkVersion, app.info.seinfo, requiredAbi, instructionSet,
app.info.dataDir, entryPointArgs);
...................
//增加电量统计项
mBatteryStatsService.noteProcessStart(app.processName, app.info.uid);
...................
if (app.persistent) {
//实际仅判断启动的进程是否为com.android.phone
//如果是Phone进程,watchdog将保留对应的pid
//watchdog打印dump日志时,会打印phone对应的dump信息
Watchdog.getInstance().processStarted(app.processName, startResult.pid);
}
..............
//利用启动的结果,更新ProcessRecord
app.setPid(startResult.pid);
app.usingWrapper = startResult.usingWrapper;
app.removed = false;
app.killed = false;
app.killedByAm = false;
...............
synchronized (mPidsSelfLocked) {
//AMS以键值对的形式,保存pid和processRecord
this.mPidsSelfLocked.put(startResult.pid, app);
if (isActivityProcess) {
Message msg = mHandler.obtainMessage(PROC_START_TIMEOUT_MSG);
msg.obj = app;
//发送一个延迟消息
//在消息被处理前,若新创建的进程没有和AMS交互,那么该进程启动失败
//正常延迟时间为10s
//若通过wrapper(例如valgrind)加载,应用程序将在wrapper的运行环境中工作,耗时较长,延迟时间在N中定义为1200s
mHandler.sendMessageDelayed(msg, startResult.usingWrapper
? PROC_START_TIMEOUT_WITH_WRAPPER : PROC_START_TIMEOUT);
}
}
............
} catch (RuntimeException e) {
...............
}
}
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至此,startSpecificActivityLocked函数分析完毕,Android系统开始通过创建zygote创建应用进程。
总结
至此,AMS启动Activity的第一部分分析完毕。后续部分可以参考启动Activity的过程:二
这一部分相对比较杂乱,需要考虑Activity的启动模式、Intent Flags等信息,以决定Activity与Task之间的关系。
这部分代码还需要判断Activity是否复用,是否需要移动对应的Task到前台,及在必要时,按照启动模式和Intent Flags对Task中的内容进行调整。
最后,判断Activity对应的进程是否存在。若对应进程存在,进需要重启Activity;否则,需要发送消息给zygote启动进程。
整体来讲,这部分代码的流程基本可以用下图表示:
大图地址
自己对AMS的驾驭能力还不够,不能较好地精炼出最核心的流程,因此这部分分析不够简洁,
目前的分析只能算作一个代码阅读笔记,如有不恰当的地方,欢迎指正。