首先记得添加网络访问许可:<use-permission android:name="ANDROID.PERMISSION.INTERNET" />
URL即一个资源定位符,包含协议,主机,端口,资源,如http://127.0.0.1: 8080/meishimeike/index.jsp。获取到URL后可以通过一系列方法获取到对应的部分.
String getFile(); //资源名
String getHost(); //主机
String getPath(); //资源的路径
int getPort(); //端口
String getProtocol(); //获取协议名称
String getQuery(); //获取URL的查询字符串部分
URLConnection openConnection(); //返回URLConnection对象, 表示URL所引用的远程对象的链接
InputStream openStream(); //打开于此URL的连接,表示返回一个用于读取该URL的inputstream
对文件操作完后记得关闭流。
2 使用URLConnection提交请求
通过URL的getConnection()方法,可以获得一个URLConnection对象, 表示应用程序和目标URL的通信资源链接,应用程序可以通过URLConnection向目标主机发送链接,
基本步骤:
常用设置:
注意:如果既要使用输入流又要使用输出流,一定要先使用输出流发送请求,再使用输入流。
下面提供一个实:
public class GetPostUtil
{
/**
* 向指定URL发送GET方法的请求
*
* @param url
* 发送请求的URL
* @param params
* 请求参数,请求参数应该是name1=value1&name2=value2的形式。
* @return URL所代表远程资源的响应
*/
public static String sendGet(String url, String params)
{
String result = "";
BufferedReader in = null;
try
{
String urlName = url + "?" + params;
URL realUrl = new URL(urlName);
// 打开和URL之间的连接
URLConnection conn = realUrl.openConnection();
// 设置通用的请求属性
conn.setRequestProperty("accept", "*/*");
conn.setRequestProperty("connection", "Keep-Alive");
conn.setRequestProperty("user-agent",
"Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; Windows NT 5.1; SV1)");
// 建立实际的连接
conn.connect();
// 获取所有响应头字段
Map<String, List<String>> map = conn.getHeaderFields();
// 遍历所有的响应头字段
for (String key : map.keySet())
{
System.out.println(key + "--->" + map.get(key));
}
// 定义BufferedReader输入流来读取URL的响应
in = new BufferedReader(
new InputStreamReader(conn.getInputStream()));
String line;
while ((line = in.readLine()) != null)
{
result += "\n" + line;
}
}
catch (Exception e)
{
System.out.println("发送GET请求出现异常!" + e);
e.printStackTrace();
}
// 使用finally块来关闭输入流
finally
{
try
{
if (in != null)
{
in.close();
}
}
catch (IOException ex)
{
ex.printStackTrace();
}
}
return result;
}
/**
* 向指定URL发送POST方法的请求
*
* @param url
* 发送请求的URL
* @param params
* 请求参数,请求参数应该是name1=value1&name2=value2的形式。
* @return URL所代表远程资源的响应
*/
public static String sendPost(String url, String params)
{
PrintWriter out = null;
BufferedReader in = null;
String result = "";
try
{
URL realUrl = new URL(url);
// 打开和URL之间的连接
URLConnection conn = realUrl.openConnection();
// 设置通用的请求属性
conn.setRequestProperty("accept", "*/*");
conn.setRequestProperty("connection", "Keep-Alive");
conn.setRequestProperty("user-agent",
"Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; Windows NT 5.1; SV1)");
// 发送POST请求必须设置如下两行
conn.setDoOutput(true);
conn.setDoInput(true);
// 获取URLConnection对象对应的输出流
out = new PrintWriter(conn.getOutputStream());
// 发送请求参数
out.print(params);
// flush输出流的缓冲
out.flush();
// 定义BufferedReader输入流来读取URL的响应
in = new BufferedReader(
new InputStreamReader(conn.getInputStream()));
String line;
while ((line = in.readLine()) != null)
{
result += "\n" + line;
}
}
catch (Exception e)
{
System.out.println("发送POST请求出现异常!" + e);
e.printStackTrace();
}
// 使用finally块来关闭输出流、输入流
finally
{
try
{
if (out != null)
{
out.close();
}
if (in != null)
{
in.close();
}
}
catch (IOException ex)
{
ex.printStackTrace();
}
}
return result;
}
}
3 使用HttpURLConnection访问网络
实例: 通过HttpURLConnection完成多线程下载的基本步骤和核心代码:
4 使用Apache HttpClient
使用HttpClient的基本步骤:
下面是github上eoecn客户端的网络访问组件:
public class CustomHttpClient {
private static String TAG = "CustomHttpClient";
private static final String CHARSET_UTF8 = HTTP.UTF_8;
private static final String CHARSET_GB2312 = "GB2312";
private static HttpClient customerHttpClient;
private CustomHttpClient() {
}
/**
* HttpClient post方法
*
* @param url
* @param nameValuePairs
* @return
*/
public static String PostFromWebByHttpClient(Context context, String url,
NameValuePair... nameValuePairs) {
try {
List<NameValuePair> params = new ArrayList<NameValuePair>();
if (nameValuePairs != null) {
for (int i = 0; i < nameValuePairs.length; i++) {
params.add(nameValuePairs[i]);
}
}
UrlEncodedFormEntity urlEncoded = new UrlEncodedFormEntity(params,
CHARSET_UTF8);
HttpPost httpPost = new HttpPost(url);
httpPost.setEntity(urlEncoded);
HttpClient client = getHttpClient(context);
HttpResponse response = client.execute(httpPost);
if (response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode() != HttpStatus.SC_OK) {
throw new RuntimeException("请求失败");
}
HttpEntity resEntity = response.getEntity();
return (resEntity == null) ? null : EntityUtils.toString(resEntity,
CHARSET_UTF8);
} catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) {
return null;
} catch (ClientProtocolException e) {
return null;
} catch (IOException e) {
throw new RuntimeException(context.getResources().getString(
R.string.httpError), e);
}
}
public static String getFromWebByHttpClient(Context context, String url,
NameValuePair... nameValuePairs) throws Exception{
log.d("getFromWebByHttpClient url = " + url);
try {
// http地址
// String httpUrl =
// "http://192.168.1.110:8080/httpget.jsp?par=HttpClient_android_Get";
StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
sb.append(url);
if (nameValuePairs != null && nameValuePairs.length > 0) {
sb.append("?");
for (int i = 0; i < nameValuePairs.length; i++) {
if (i > 0) {
sb.append("&");
}
sb.append(String.format("%s=%s",
nameValuePairs[i].getName(),
nameValuePairs[i].getValue()));
}
}
// HttpGet连接对象
HttpGet httpRequest = new HttpGet(sb.toString());
// 取得HttpClient对象
HttpClient httpclient = getHttpClient(context);
// 请求HttpClient,取得HttpResponse
HttpResponse httpResponse = httpclient.execute(httpRequest);
// 请求成功
if (httpResponse.getStatusLine().getStatusCode() != HttpStatus.SC_OK) {
throw new RuntimeException(context.getResources().getString(
R.string.httpError));
}
return EntityUtils.toString(httpResponse.getEntity());
} catch (ParseException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
throw new RuntimeException(context.getResources().getString(
R.string.httpError),e);
} catch (IOException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
throw new RuntimeException(context.getResources().getString(
R.string.httpError),e);
}
}
/**
* 创建httpClient实例
*
* @return
* @throws Exception
*/
private static synchronized HttpClient getHttpClient(Context context) {
if (null == customerHttpClient) {
HttpParams params = new BasicHttpParams();
// 设置一些基本参数
HttpProtocolParams.setVersion(params, HttpVersion.HTTP_1_1);
HttpProtocolParams.setContentCharset(params, CHARSET_UTF8);
HttpProtocolParams.setUseExpectContinue(params, true);
HttpProtocolParams
.setUserAgent(
params,
"Mozilla/5.0(Linux;U;Android 2.2.1;en-us;Nexus One Build.FRG83) "
+ "AppleWebKit/553.1(KHTML,like Gecko) Version/4.0 Mobile Safari/533.1");
// 超时设置
/* 从连接池中取连接的超时时间 */
ConnManagerParams.setTimeout(params, 1000);
/* 连接超时 */
int ConnectionTimeOut = 3000;
if (!HttpUtils.isWifiDataEnable(context)) {
ConnectionTimeOut = 10000;
}
HttpConnectionParams
.setConnectionTimeout(params, ConnectionTimeOut);
/* 请求超时 */
HttpConnectionParams.setSoTimeout(params, 4000);
// 设置我们的HttpClient支持HTTP和HTTPS两种模式
SchemeRegistry schReg = new SchemeRegistry();
schReg.register(new Scheme("http", PlainSocketFactory
.getSocketFactory(), 80));
schReg.register(new Scheme("https", SSLSocketFactory
.getSocketFactory(), 443));
// 使用线程安全的连接管理来创建HttpClient
ClientConnectionManager conMgr = new ThreadSafeClientConnManager(
params, schReg);
customerHttpClient = new DefaultHttpClient(conMgr, params);
}
return customerHttpClient;
}
}