Ruby简单介绍整理

最近在看《七周七语言》，适当了解一些C语言家族以外的编程语言也很有意思，下面记录一下各个语言的语法特点。

一，irb打开Ruby的交互命令行

> language = 'ruby'
=> "ruby"
> puts 'hello, #{language}'
hello, #{language}    #单引号之间变量不被替换
> puts "hello, #{language}"
hello, ruby

二，条件判断可以放在语句后面

> puts 'This appears to be true.' if language == 'ruby'
This appears to be true.
=> nil
> puts 'This appears to be true.' unless language == 'ruby'
=> nil

> x += 1 while x < 10
> x -= 1 until x == 1

三，数组/散列表

> arr = []
=> []
> arr[1] = 3
=> 3
> arr[2] = {"name"=>"A","hobby"=>"B"}
=> {"name"=>"A", "hobby"=>"B"}
> arr
=> [nil, 3, {"name"=>"A", "hobby"=>"B"}]    #第一个元素为nil

#数组简单操作如下
> arr.each {|a| puts a}                #代码块方式遍历数组

3
{"name"=>"A", "hobby"=>"B"}
=> [nil, 3, {"name"=>"A", "hobby"=>"B"}]
> a = [5,3,2,4,1]
=> [5, 3, 2, 4, 1]
> a.sort
=> [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
> a.any? {|i| i > 6}
=> false
> a.any? {|i| i > 4}
=> true
> a.all? {|i| i > 4}
=> false
> a.collect {|i| i * 2}
=> [10, 6, 4, 8, 2]
> a.select {|i| i % 2 == 0}
=> [2, 4]
> a.max
=> 5
> a.member?(3)
=> true
> a << 6
=> [5, 3, 2, 4, 1, 6]

#散列有如下两种使用方法
> hash_table1 = {'name' => 'ciaos', 'age' => 3}
=> {"name"=>"ciaos", "age"=>3}
> hash_table1["name"]
=> "ciaos"

> hash_table2 = {:name => "ciaos", :age => 3}
=> {:name=>"ciaos", :age=>3}
> hash_table2[:name]
=> "ciaos"

#散列作为函数参数传递
> def test(para = {})
>   puts para
> end
> test
{}
=> nil
> test :para1 => "OK",  :para2=> :Right, "para3" => nil
{:para1=>"OK", :para2=>:Right, "para3"=>nil}
=> nil

四，类简单使用方法

> class Person
>   attr_accessor :name, :age
>   def initialize(name, age)
>     @name = name
>     @age = age
>   end
>   def say()
>     puts name + " " + age.to_s
>   end
> end
> p = Person.new("ciaos",25)
=> #<Person:0x00000000c76aa0 @name="ciaos", @age=25>
> p.say
ciaos 25
=> nil

五，其他知识点
1，method_missing类似php的__call函数，当找不到方法时会出发此函数
2，通过继承或者编写模块拓展功能

> class Car
>   ...
> end
> class Toyota < Car
> end

> module Tool
>   ...
> end
> class Toyota
>   include Tool
> end

总结：
1，不错的脚本语言，结合rails适合web开发
2，并发上性能存在瓶颈