[yolov5/yolov8修改记录]给yolov5/v8增加小目标预选框

yolo系列网络作为目标检测领域的佼佼者，在很多的目标检测方向都有很好的运用。本文的主要目的是为其添加小目标检测的预选框，增加其在对小目标的待检测物进行检测时的识别速度。

在原始的yolov5网络里，从配置文件中我们可以看见，作者在给定了三个预选框，如下所示：

我们要做的是在这三个的基础上增加一个更小的预选框，将其设置为：

 

 这样就再添加进来了一个更小的预选框，有助于小目标的检测。需要注意的是，由于这里增加了新的预选框，所以最后的检测头也应该相应的增加，由原来的3个变成4个。由于原来的网络结构只适用于3个检测头，所以为了增加新的检测头，就需要增加网络的层数，以适应四格检测头。原来的head部分网络如下：

 增加了新的层数后的head部分网络结构如下：

这样增加的小目标检测的预选框就增加好了。

所有的代码部分如下：

# parameters
nc: 2  # number of classes
depth_multiple: 0.33  # model depth multiple
width_multiple: 0.50  # layer channel multiple

# anchors
anchors:
  - [5,6, 8,14, 15,11]  #4
  - [10,13, 16,30, 33,23]  # P3/8
  - [30,61, 62,45, 59,119]  # P4/16
  - [116,90, 156,198, 373,326]  # P5/32

# YOLOv5 backbone
backbone:
  # [from, number, module, args]
  [[-1, 1, Conv, [64, 6, 2, 2]],  # 0-P1/2
   [-1, 1, Conv, [128, 3, 2]],  # 1-P2/4  [32,64,3,2]
   [-1, 3, C3, [128]],                   #[64,64,1]
   [-1, 1, Conv, [256, 3, 2]],  # 3-P3/8  [64,128,3,2]
   [-1, 6, C3, [256]],                   #[128,128,2]
   [-1, 1, Conv, [512, 3, 2]],  # 5-P4/16 #[128,256,3,2]
   [-1, 9, C3, [512]],                     #[256,256,3]
   [-1, 1, Conv, [1024, 3, 2]],  # 7-P5/32 #[256,512,3,2]
   [-1, 3, C3, [1024]],  # 9
   [-1, 1, SPPF, [1024, 5]],
  ]

# YOLOv5 head
head:
  [ [-1, 1, Conv, [512, 1, 1]],
    [ -1, 1, nn.Upsample, [ None, 2, 'nearest' ] ],
    [ [ -1, 6 ], 1, Concat, [ 1 ] ],  # cat backbone P4
    [ -1, 3, C3, [ 512, False ] ],  # 13

    [ -1, 1, Conv, [ 512, 1, 1 ] ],
    [ -1, 1, nn.Upsample, [ None, 2, 'nearest' ] ],
    [ [ -1, 4 ], 1, Concat, [ 1 ] ],  # cat backbone P4
    [ -1, 3, C3, [ 512, False ] ],  # 13

    [-1, 1, Conv, [256, 1, 1]],
    [ -1, 1, nn.Upsample, [ None, 2, 'nearest' ] ],
    [ [ -1, 2 ], 1, Concat, [ 1 ] ],  # cat backbone P3
    [ -1, 3, C3, [ 256, False ] ],  # 17 (P3/8-small)

    [-1, 1, Conv, [256, 3, 2]],
    [ [ -1, 18 ], 1, Concat, [ 1 ] ],  # cat head P4
    [ -1, 3, C3, [ 256, False ] ],  # 20 (P4/16-medium)

    [ -1, 1, Conv, [ 256, 3, 2 ] ],
    [ [ -1, 14 ], 1, Concat, [ 1 ] ],  # cat head P4
    [ -1, 3, C3, [ 512, False ] ],  # 20 (P4/16-medium)

    [-1, 1, Conv, [512, 3, 2]],
    [ [ -1, 10 ], 1, Concat, [ 1 ] ],  # cat head P5
    [ -1, 3, C3, [ 1024, False ] ],  # 23 (P5/32-large)

    [ [ 21, 24, 27, 30 ], 1, Detect, [ nc, anchors ] ],  # Detect(P3, P4, P5)
  ]

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