服务提供者框架（Service Provider Framework）

服务提供者框架

服务提供者框架主要有三个主体部分：服务接口，服务注册API，服务访问API，同时还有可选部分，如服务提供者，其中JDBC便用到该框架模式。该框架用于多个服务提供方实现同个服务的情景下，只要定义好服务接口规范，当有新的服务提供者时，只需要按规范实现接口即可，具有良好的扩展性，耦合度低。
以下以交通服务为例子进行介绍，其中TrafficService为服务接口，TrafficStation.registerTrafficService为服务注册API，TrafficStation.getTrafficService为服务访问API，XXXService为服务接口的实现类。

服务接口

定义服务的规范，TrafficService接口定义了三种服务规范。

package serviceapi;

/**
 * 交通服务接口
 * @author Administrator
 *
 */
public interface TrafficService {
	/**
	 * 市内出行
	 */
	public void travelInCity();
	/**
	 * 国内出行
	 */
	public void travelInCountry();
	/**
	 * 国际出行
	 */
	public void travelAroundWorld();
}

服务注册API

提供了注册服务的编程接口，本例中的服务注册API为TrafficStation.registerTrafficService。注：TrafficStation为工具类，提供了服务注册和服务访问的方法。

public static void registerTrafficService(TrafficService service) {
		trafficServices.put(service.getClass().getSimpleName(), service);
	}

服务访问API

提供访问服务的编程接口，本例中的服务访问API为TrafficStation.getTrafficService。

public static TrafficService getTrafficService(String serviceName)
			throws NoSuchServiceException {
		TrafficService trafficService = trafficServices.get(serviceName);
		if (trafficService == null) {
			throw new NoSuchServiceException();
		} else {
			return trafficService;
		}
	}

服务接口实现类

参考JDBC写法

AirPlaneService

package serviceprovider;

import serviceapi.TrafficService;
import servicemanager.TrafficStation;

public class AirPlaneService implements TrafficService{
	static {
		// 类装载时创建实例并注册服务
		TrafficStation.registerTrafficService(new AirPlaneService());
	}
	
	public AirPlaneService() {
		
	}
	
	@Override
	public void travelInCity() {
		System.out.println("travel in city, speed is 360 km/h, cost 1/4 hour");
	}

	@Override
	public void travelInCountry() {
		System.out.println("travel in country, speed is 360 km/h, cost 30 hour");
	}

	@Override
	public void travelAroundWorld() {
		System.out.println("travel in city, speed is 360 km/h, cost 3000 hour");
	}
}

BusService

package serviceprovider;

import serviceapi.TrafficService;
import servicemanager.TrafficStation;

public class BusService implements TrafficService {

	static {
		TrafficStation.registerTrafficService(new BusService());
	}
	
	public BusService() {
		
	}
	
	@Override
	public void travelInCity() {
		System.out.println("travel in city, speed is 36 km/h, cost 3 hour");
	}

	@Override
	public void travelInCountry() {
		System.out.println("travel in country, speed is 36 km/h, cost 360 hour");
	}

	@Override
	public void travelAroundWorld() {
		System.out.println("travel in city, speed is 36 km/h, cost 36000 hour");
	}

}

TrainService

package serviceprovider;

import serviceapi.TrafficService;
import servicemanager.TrafficStation;

public class TrainService implements TrafficService {
	static {
		TrafficStation.registerTrafficService(new TrainService());
	}
	
	public TrainService() {
		
	}
	
	@Override
	public void travelInCity() {
		System.out.println("travel in city, speed is 90 km/h, cost 1 hour");
	}

	@Override
	public void travelInCountry() {
		System.out.println("travel in country, speed is 90 km/h, cost 120 hour");
	}

	@Override
	public void travelAroundWorld() {
		System.out.println("travel in city, speed is 90 km/h, cost 12000 hour");
	}

}

测试代码

public static void main(String[] args) {
		try {
			// 装载服务接口实现类
			Class.forName("serviceprovider.AirPlaneService");
			Class.forName("serviceprovider.TrainService");
			Class.forName("serviceprovider.BusService");
			
			TrafficService trafficService = TrafficStation.getTrafficService("BusService");
			trafficService.travelAroundWorld();
			trafficService.travelInCountry();
			trafficService.travelInCity();
			System.out.println("");
			
			trafficService = TrafficStation.getTrafficService("TrainService");
			trafficService.travelAroundWorld();
			trafficService.travelInCountry();
			trafficService.travelInCity();
			System.out.println("");
			
			trafficService = TrafficStation.getTrafficService("AirPlaneService");
			trafficService.travelAroundWorld();
			trafficService.travelInCountry();
			trafficService.travelInCity();
			System.out.println("");
		} catch (ClassNotFoundException | NoSuchServiceException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
	}

输出结果

travel in city, speed is 36 km/h, cost 36000 hour
travel in country, speed is 36 km/h, cost 360 hour
travel in city, speed is 36 km/h, cost 3 hour

travel in city, speed is 90 km/h, cost 12000 hour
travel in country, speed is 90 km/h, cost 120 hour
travel in city, speed is 90 km/h, cost 1 hour

travel in city, speed is 360 km/h, cost 3000 hour
travel in country, speed is 360 km/h, cost 30 hour
travel in city, speed is 360 km/h, cost 1/4 hour

Java SPI

java已经提供了成熟的服务提供者框架：java.util.ServiceLoader,详见其他作者的文章：
Java SPI