NFS(Network File System)网络文件系统，用于在系统之间共享文件使用
由于NFS服务需要RPC(Remote Procedure Call)服务维护NFS服务端与客户端的端口信息，因此在启动NFS之前，要启动RPC服务（Centos5.8下是portmap服务，Centos6.4是rpcbind），否则NFS服务就无法向RPC服务注册。另外，如果RPC服务重启，园原先已经注册好的NFS端口数据就会丢失，因此RPC服务管理的NFS程序也需要重新启动，以便重新向RPC注册。一般修改NFS配置文件后，是不需要重启NFS的，直接在命令行执行/etc/init.d/nfs reload或exportfs -rv即可使修改的/etc/exports生效。
下面我们进行配置
查看系统信息，这里面Centos6-C是NFS客户端，Centos6-S是NFS服务器端
[test@Centos6-C ~]$ cat /etc/redhat-release
CentOS release 6.10 (Final)
[test@Centos6-C ~]$ uname -r
2.6.32-754.2.1.el6.x86_64
[test@Centos6-C ~]$ uname -m
x86_64[test@Centos6-S ~]$ cat /etc/redhat-release
CentOS release 6.10 (Final)
[test@Centos6-S ~]$ uname -r
2.6.32-754.2.1.el6.x86_64
[test@Centos6-S ~]$ uname -m
x86_64
[test@Centos6-S ~]$ un查看IP地址
[test@Centos6-C ~]$ ifconfig eth0
eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:0C:29:BA:45:99
inet addr:2.2.2.6 Bcast:2.2.2.255 Mask:255.255.255.0
inet6 addr: fe80::20c:29ff:feba:4599/64 Scope:Link
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
RX packets:874 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:195 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
RX bytes:62753 (61.2 KiB) TX bytes:22856 (22.3 KiB)
[test@Centos6-S ~]$ ifconfig eth0
eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:0C:29:CA:07:AA
inet addr:2.2.2.5 Bcast:2.2.2.255 Mask:255.255.255.0
inet6 addr: fe80::20c:29ff:feca:7aa/64 Scope:Link
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
RX packets:2554 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:202 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
RX bytes:162775 (158.9 KiB) TX bytes:23378 (22.8 KiB)
查看NFS及RPC软件安装情况
[test@Centos6-C ~]$ rpm -aq nfs-utils portmap rpcbind
nfs-utils-1.2.3-78.el6.x86_64
rpcbind-0.2.0-16.el6.x86_64[test@Centos6-S ~]$ rpm -aq nfs-utils portmap rpcbind
nfs-utils-1.2.3-78.el6.x86_64
rpcbind-0.2.0-16.el6.x86_64如果没有安装上述的程序包，可以使用yum源进行安装
[root@CentOS6 ~]# yum install nfs-utils rpcbind -y
服务器端：
安装完程序包后我们查看下软件运行状态
[root@CentOS6-S ~]# /etc/init.d/rpcbind status
rpcbind is stopped服务并没有启动，因为我们之前在做优化的时候并没有让服务随计算机启动
[root@CentOS6-S ~]# chkconfig --list|grep 3:on
crond 0:off 1:off 2:on 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off
network 0:off 1:off 2:on 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off
rsyslog 0:off 1:off 2:on 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off
sendmail 0:off 1:off 2:on 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off
sshd 0:off 1:off 2:off 3:on 4:off 5:off 6:off我们启动rpc服务
[root@CentOS6-S ~]# /etc/init.d/rpcbind start
Starting rpcbind: [ OK ][root@CentOS6-S ~]# /etc/init.d/rpcbind status
rpcbind (pid 1405) is running...查看rpc服务信息
[root@CentOS6-S ~]# rpcinfo -p localhost
program vers proto port service
100000 4 tcp 111 portmapper
100000 3 tcp 111 portmapper
100000 2 tcp 111 portmapper
100000 4 udp 111 portmapper
100000 3 udp 111 portmapper
100000 2 udp 111 portmapper接下来我们看NFS服务状态
[root@CentOS6-S ~]# /etc/init.d/nfs status
rpc.svcgssd is stopped
rpc.mountd is stopped
nfsd is stopped
rpc.rquotad is stopped启动NFS程序
[root@CentOS6-S ~]# /etc/init.d/nfs start
Starting NFS services: [ OK ]
Starting NFS quotas: [ OK ]
Starting NFS mountd: [ OK ]
Starting NFS daemon: [ OK ]
Starting RPC idmapd: [ OK ][root@CentOS6-S ~]# /etc/init.d/nfs status
rpc.svcgssd is stopped
rpc.mountd (pid 1540) is running...
nfsd (pid 1556 1555 1554 1553 1552 1551 1550 1549) is running...
rpc.rquotad (pid 1535) is running...启动NFS服务后，查看它是否会向rpc服务注册
[root@CentOS6-S ~]# rpcinfo -p localhost
program vers proto port service
100000 4 tcp 111 portmapper
100000 3 tcp 111 portmapper
100000 2 tcp 111 portmapper
100000 4 udp 111 portmapper
100000 3 udp 111 portmapper
100000 2 udp 111 portmapper
100011 1 udp 875 rquotad
100011 2 udp 875 rquotad
100011 1 tcp 875 rquotad
100011 2 tcp 875 rquotad
100005 1 udp 56195 mountd
100005 1 tcp 37218 mountd
100005 2 udp 35611 mountd
100005 2 tcp 55328 mountd
100005 3 udp 59714 mountd
100005 3 tcp 56106 mountd
100003 2 tcp 2049 nfs
100003 3 tcp 2049 nfs
100003 4 tcp 2049 nfs
100227 2 tcp 2049 nfs_acl
100227 3 tcp 2049 nfs_acl
100003 2 udp 2049 nfs
100003 3 udp 2049 nfs
100003 4 udp 2049 nfs
100227 2 udp 2049 nfs_acl
100227 3 udp 2049 nfs_acl
100021 1 udp 56742 nlockmgr
100021 3 udp 56742 nlockmgr
100021 4 udp 56742 nlockmgr
100021 1 tcp 46117 nlockmgr
100021 3 tcp 46117 nlockmgr
100021 4 tcp 46117 nlockmgr我们查看NFS和RPC进程是否存在
[root@CentOS6-S ~]# ps -ef |egrep "nfs|rpc"
rpc 1405 1 0 16:06 ? 00:00:00 rpcbind
root 1526 2 0 16:09 ? 00:00:00 [rpciod/0]
root 1535 1 0 16:09 ? 00:00:00 rpc.rquotad
root 1540 1 0 16:09 ? 00:00:00 rpc.mountd
root 1547 2 0 16:09 ? 00:00:00 [nfsd4]
root 1548 2 0 16:09 ? 00:00:00 [nfsd4_callbacks]
root 1549 2 0 16:09 ? 00:00:00 [nfsd]
root 1550 2 0 16:09 ? 00:00:00 [nfsd]
root 1551 2 0 16:09 ? 00:00:00 [nfsd]
root 1552 2 0 16:09 ? 00:00:00 [nfsd]
root 1553 2 0 16:09 ? 00:00:00 [nfsd]
root 1554 2 0 16:09 ? 00:00:00 [nfsd]
root 1555 2 0 16:09 ? 00:00:00 [nfsd]
root 1556 2 0 16:09 ? 00:00:00 [nfsd]
root 1587 1 0 16:09 ? 00:00:00 rpc.idmapd
root 1730 1336 0 16:16 pts/0 00:00:00 egrep nfs|rpc将NFS和RPC服务设置为开机自启动
[root@CentOS6-S ~]# chkconfig nfs on
[root@CentOS6-S ~]# chkconfig rpcbind on[root@CentOS6-S ~]# chkconfig --list|grep 3:on
crond 0:off 1:off 2:on 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off
network 0:off 1:off 2:on 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off
nfs 0:off 1:off 2:on 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off
rpcbind 0:off 1:off 2:on 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off
rsyslog 0:off 1:off 2:on 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off
sendmail 0:off 1:off 2:on 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off
sshd 0:off 1:off 2:off 3:on 4:off 5:off 6:off我们将这两个服务的期的启动命令放到配置文件中，严格控制两个服务的启动顺序
[root@CentOS6-S ~]# vi /etc/rc.local
#!/bin/sh
#
# This script will be executed *after* all the other init scripts.
# You can put your own initialization stuff in here if you don't
# want to do the full Sys V style init stuff.
touch /var/lock/subsys/local
#NFS and RPC services config by test 20180910
/etc/init.d/rpcbind start
/etc/init.d/nfs start
~
~
~
~
~修改后检查配置是否正确
[root@CentOS6-S ~]# tail -3 /etc/rc.local
#NFS and RPC services config by test 20180910
/etc/init.d/rpcbind start
/etc/init.d/nfs start
[root@CentOS6-S ~]# 服务正常启动后，我们开始配置NFS服务
首先查看下配置文件
[root@CentOS6-S ~]# cat /etc/exports 创建需要共享的目录
[root@CentOS6-S /]# mkdir /data/share -p
编辑exports文件
[root@CentOS6-S /]# vi /etc/exports
#NFS confiure for share directory by test 20180919
/data/share 2.2.2.0/24(rw,sync)配置文件中配置表示：共享/data/share目录，并对2.2.2.0网段（3字节掩码）开放，有读写权限，并且同步到磁盘（防止由于断电导致数据丢失）
重新加载配置文件（这里我们不重启服务）
[root@CentOS6-S ~]# /etc/init.d/nfs reload服务器端我们配置好了，下面配置客户端
配置RPC服务
[root@CentOS6-C ~]# /etc/init.d/rpcbind start
[root@CentOS6-C ~]# chkconfig rpcbind on[root@CentOS6-C ~]# vi /etc/rc.local
#!/bin/sh
#
# This script will be executed *after* all the other init scripts.
# You can put your own initialization stuff in here if you don't
# want to do the full Sys V style init stuff.
touch /var/lock/subsys/local
#NFS configure by test 20180910
/etc/init.d/rpcbind start
~
~[root@CentOS6-C ~]# chkconfig --list rpcbind
rpcbind 0:off 1:off 2:on 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off客户端我们就配置好了，接下来我们查看挂载权限
查看服务器端IP
[test@CentOS6-S ~]$ ifconfig eth0
eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:0C:29:CA:07:AA
inet addr:2.2.2.5 Bcast:2.2.2.255 Mask:255.255.255.0
inet6 addr: fe80::20c:29ff:feca:7aa/64 Scope:Link
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
RX packets:6007 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:1326 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
RX bytes:454997 (444.3 KiB) TX bytes:143527 (140.1 KiB)客户端机器查看
[root@CentOS6-C ~]# showmount -e 2.2.2.5
Export list for 2.2.2.5:
/data/share 2.2.2.0/24查询到了以后我们挂载到/mnt下
[root@CentOS6-C ~]# mount -t nfs 2.2.2.5:/data/share /mnt[root@CentOS6-C ~]# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda3 7.1G 2.1G 4.7G 32% /
tmpfs 937M 0 937M 0% /dev/shm
/dev/sda1 190M 65M 115M 37% /boot
2.2.2.5:/data/share 7.1G 2.1G 4.7G 32% /mnt在服务器端目录下新建文件
[root@CentOS6-S ~]# touch /data/share/test.txt在客户端机器上查看
[root@CentOS6-C ~]# ls /mnt
test.txt默认情况下，客户端在登录NFS服务器时是以nfsnobody身份登录到NFS服务器上的
[root@CentOS6-S share]# grep nfsnobody /etc/passwd
nfsnobody:x:65534:65534:Anonymous NFS User:/var/lib/nfs:/sbin/nologin我们在服务器端将权限放大，在客户端创建文件后再看一下权限
[root@CentOS6-S share]# ls -ld /data/share
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Sep 10 18:43 /data/share[root@CentOS6-S share]# chmod o+w /data/share
[root@CentOS6-S share]#
[root@CentOS6-S share]# ls -ld /data/share
drwxr-xrwx 2 root root 4096 Sep 10 18:43 /data/share在客户端机器删除新建文件
[root@CentOS6-C ~]# cd /mnt
[root@CentOS6-C mnt]# ll
total 0
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Sep 10 18:43 test.txt
[root@CentOS6-C mnt]# rm -f test.txt
[root@CentOS6-C mnt]# touch test.txt
[root@CentOS6-C mnt]# ll
total 0
-rw-r--r-- 1 nfsnobody nfsnobody 0 Sep 10 18:55 test.txt在服务器端查看完整权限信息
[root@CentOS6-S share]# cat /var/lib/nfs/etab
/data/share 2.2.2.0/24(rw,sync,wdelay,hide,nocrossmnt,secure,root_squash,no_all_squash,no_subtree_check,secure_locks,acl,anonuid=65534,anongid=65534,sec=sys,rw,root_squash,no_all_squash)
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