[LeetCode] 47. Permutations 2

Permutations 2

Given a collection of numbers that might contain duplicates, return all possible unique permutations.

Example:
Input: [1,1,2]
Output:
[
[1,1,2],
[1,2,1],
[2,1,1]
]

解析

相比于Permutations，需要去重。

解法1：DFS

用一个visited数组表示是否访问，类似于DFS的方法进行搜索。重点在于去重语句：
if (i > 0 && nums[i] == nums[i - 1] && visited[i - 1] == 0) continue;

class Solution {
public:
    vector<vector<int>> permuteUnique(vector<int>& nums) {
        vector<vector<int>> res;
        vector<int> out, visited(nums.size(), 0);
        sort(nums.begin(), nums.end());
        permuteUniqueDFS(nums, 0, visited, out, res);
        return res;
    }
    void permuteUniqueDFS(vector<int>& nums, int level, vector<int>& visited, vector<int>& out, vector<vector<int>>& res) {
        if (level >= nums.size()) {res.push_back(out); return;}
        for (int i = 0; i < nums.size(); ++i) {
            if (visited[i] == 1) continue;
            if (i > 0 && nums[i] == nums[i - 1] && visited[i - 1] == 0) continue;
            visited[i] = 1;
            out.push_back(nums[i]);
            permuteUniqueDFS(nums, level + 1, visited, out, res);
            out.pop_back();
            visited[i] = 0;
        }
    }
};

解法2：交换

也是使用递归函数，用index来确定已经固定好的点，从index开始与后面的交换。
用set来去重，并且增加一个去重语句
if (i != start && nums[i] == nums[start]) continue;

class Solution {
public:
    vector<vector<int>> permuteUnique(vector<int>& nums) {
        set<vector<int>> res;
        permute(nums, 0, res);
        return vector<vector<int>> (res.begin(), res.end());
    }
    void permute(vector<int>& nums, int start, set<vector<int>>& res) {
        if (start >= nums.size()) res.insert(nums);
        for (int i = start; i < nums.size(); ++i) {
            if (i != start && nums[i] == nums[start]) continue;
            swap(nums[i], nums[start]);
            permute(nums, start + 1, res);
            swap(nums[i], nums[start]);
        }
    }
};

解法3：

class Solution {
public:
    vector<vector<int>> permuteUnique(vector<int>& nums) {
        vector<vector<int>> res;
        sort(nums.begin(), nums.end());
        permute(nums, 0, res);
        return res;
    }
    void permute(vector<int> nums, int start, vector<vector<int>>& res) {
        if (start >= nums.size()) res.push_back(nums);
        for (int i = start; i < nums.size(); ++i) {
            if (i != start && nums[i] == nums[start]) continue;
            swap(nums[i], nums[start]);
            permute(nums, start + 1, res);
        }
    }
};

解法4

class Solution {
public:
    vector<vector<int>> permuteUnique(vector<int>& nums) {
        vector<vector<int>> res;
        sort(nums.begin(), nums.end());
        permute(nums, 0, res);
        return res;
    }
    void permute(vector<int>& nums, int start, vector<vector<int>>& res) {
        if (start >= nums.size()) res.push_back(nums);
        for (int i = start; i < nums.size(); ++i) {
            int j = i - 1;
            while (j >= start && nums[j] != nums[i]) --j;
            if (j != start - 1) continue;
            swap(nums[i], nums[start]);
            permute(nums, start + 1, res);
            swap(nums[i], nums[start]);
        }
    }
};

解法5

class Solution {
public:
    vector<vector<int>> permuteUnique(vector<int>& nums) {
        if (nums.empty()) return vector<vector<int>>(1, vector<int>());
        set<vector<int>> res;
        int first = nums[0];
        nums.erase(nums.begin());
        vector<vector<int>> words = permuteUnique(nums);
        for (auto &a : words) {
            for (int i = 0; i <= a.size(); ++i) {
                a.insert(a.begin() + i, first);
                res.insert(a);
                a.erase(a.begin() + i);
            }
        }   
        return vector<vector<int>> (res.begin(), res.end());
    }
};

解法6：投机取巧STL

class Solution {
public:
    vector<vector<int>> permute(vector<int>& nums) {
        vector<vector<int>> res;
        sort(nums.begin(), nums.end());
        res.push_back(nums);
        while (next_permutation(nums.begin(), nums.end())) {
            res.push_back(nums);
        }
        return res;
    }
};

http://www.cnblogs.com/grandyang/p/4359825.html