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VS2013+ 串口通信方法备忘

来自Arduino社区官方文档

Arduino and C++ (for Windows)
As I found it pretty hard finding the good information, or an already working code to handle Serial communication on windows based system, I finally made a class that do what is needed for basic Serial Communication, thanks to help of several forumers. Please note that this code might not be completely perfect so I encourage you to make any update needed so that it might become even better.

So now for the code which is consisting of two files, a header and a source code file.

Click here for an easy example using Visual Studio 2008 Express.

Important note: when connecting to some Arduinos, it is necessary to use COM port “device names” as outlined at http://www.arduino.cc/cgi-bin/yabb2/YaBB.pl?num=1286253977/18#18.

Furthermore: When addressing ports larger than COM9 in Windows you will have to specify the port thusly: “COM10” becomes “\\.\COM10” See: http://support.microsoft.com/default.aspx?scid=kb;EN-US;q115831

And: CreateFile may need to be replaced with CreateFileA in Serial.cpp

SerialClass.h (header)

//头文件，直接导入工程头文件目录

#ifndef SERIALCLASS_H_INCLUDED
#define SERIALCLASS_H_INCLUDED

#define ARDUINO_WAIT_TIME 2000

#include <windows.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

class Serial
{
    private:
        //Serial comm handler
        HANDLE hSerial;
        //Connection status
        bool connected;
        //Get various information about the connection
        COMSTAT status;
        //Keep track of last error
        DWORD errors;

    public:
        //Initialize Serial communication with the given COM port
        Serial(char *portName);
        //Close the connection
        ~Serial();
        //Read data in a buffer, if nbChar is greater than the
        //maximum number of bytes available, it will return only the
        //bytes available. The function return -1 when nothing could
        //be read, the number of bytes actually read.
        int ReadData(char *buffer, unsigned int nbChar);
        //Writes data from a buffer through the Serial connection
        //return true on success.
        bool WriteData(char *buffer, unsigned int nbChar);
        //Check if we are actually connected
        bool IsConnected();


};

#endif // SERIALCLASS_H_INCLUDED

Serial.cpp (source code file)

源文件，导入到工程源文件目录

#include "SerialClass.h"

Serial::Serial(char *portName)
{
    //We're not yet connected
    this->connected = false;

    //Try to connect to the given port throuh CreateFile
    this->hSerial = CreateFile(portName,
            GENERIC_READ | GENERIC_WRITE,
            0,
            NULL,
            OPEN_EXISTING,
            FILE_ATTRIBUTE_NORMAL,
            NULL);

    //Check if the connection was successfull
    if(this->hSerial==INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE)
    {
        //If not success full display an Error
        if(GetLastError()==ERROR_FILE_NOT_FOUND){

            //Print Error if neccessary
            printf("ERROR: Handle was not attached. Reason: %s not available.\n", portName);

        }
        else
        {
            printf("ERROR!!!");
        }
    }
    else
    {
        //If connected we try to set the comm parameters
        DCB dcbSerialParams = {0};

        //Try to get the current
        if (!GetCommState(this->hSerial, &dcbSerialParams))
        {
            //If impossible, show an error
            printf("failed to get current serial parameters!");
        }
        else
        {
            //Define serial connection parameters for the arduino board
            dcbSerialParams.BaudRate=CBR_9600;
            dcbSerialParams.ByteSize=8;
            dcbSerialParams.StopBits=ONESTOPBIT;
            dcbSerialParams.Parity=NOPARITY;
            //Setting the DTR to Control_Enable ensures that the Arduino is properly
            //reset upon establishing a connection
            dcbSerialParams.fDtrControl = DTR_CONTROL_ENABLE;

             //Set the parameters and check for their proper application
             if(!SetCommState(hSerial, &dcbSerialParams))
             {
                printf("ALERT: Could not set Serial Port parameters");
             }
             else
             {
                 //If everything went fine we're connected
                 this->connected = true;
                 //Flush any remaining characters in the buffers 
                 PurgeComm(this->hSerial, PURGE_RXCLEAR | PURGE_TXCLEAR);
                 //We wait 2s as the arduino board will be reseting
                 Sleep(ARDUINO_WAIT_TIME);
             }
        }
    }

}

Serial::~Serial()
{
    //Check if we are connected before trying to disconnect
    if(this->connected)
    {
        //We're no longer connected
        this->connected = false;
        //Close the serial handler
        CloseHandle(this->hSerial);
    }
}

int Serial::ReadData(char *buffer, unsigned int nbChar)
{
    //Number of bytes we'll have read
    DWORD bytesRead;
    //Number of bytes we'll really ask to read
    unsigned int toRead;

    //Use the ClearCommError function to get status info on the Serial port
    ClearCommError(this->hSerial, &this->errors, &this->status);

    //Check if there is something to read
    if(this->status.cbInQue>0)
    {
        //If there is we check if there is enough data to read the required number
        //of characters, if not we'll read only the available characters to prevent
        //locking of the application.
        if(this->status.cbInQue>nbChar)
        {
            toRead = nbChar;
        }
        else
        {
            toRead = this->status.cbInQue;
        }

        //Try to read the require number of chars, and return the number of read bytes on success
        if(ReadFile(this->hSerial, buffer, toRead, &bytesRead, NULL) && bytesRead != 0)
        {
            return bytesRead;
        }

    }

    //If nothing has been read, or that an error was detected return -1
    return -1;

}


bool Serial::WriteData(char *buffer, unsigned int nbChar)
{
    DWORD bytesSend;

    //Try to write the buffer on the Serial port
    if(!WriteFile(this->hSerial, (void *)buffer, nbChar, &bytesSend, 0))
    {
        //In case it don't work get comm error and return false
        ClearCommError(this->hSerial, &this->errors, &this->status);

        return false;
    }
    else
        return true;
}

bool Serial::IsConnected()
{
    //Simply return the connection status
    return this->connected;
}

调用方法

#include <stdio.h>
#include <tchar.h>
#include "SerialClass.h"    // Library described above
#include <string>

// application reads from the specified serial port and reports the collected data
int _tmain(int argc, _TCHAR* argv[])
{
    printf("Welcome to the serial test app!\n\n");

    Serial* SP = new Serial("\\\\.\\COM10");    // adjust as needed

    if (SP->IsConnected())
        printf("We're connected");

    char incomingData[256] = "";            // don't forget to pre-allocate memory
    //printf("%s\n",incomingData);
    int dataLength = 256;
    int readResult = 0;

    while(SP->IsConnected())
    {
        readResult = SP->ReadData(incomingData,dataLength);
        printf("Bytes read: (-1 means no data available) %i\n",readResult);

        std::string test(incomingData);

        printf("%s",incomingData);
        test = "";

        Sleep(500);
    }
    return 0;
}

几个注意

Serial* SP = new Serial("\\\\.\\COM10"); // adjust as needed

1

对于COM9号口以上需要\\\\.\\COM10
来调用该口。

对于COM0~COM9号直接以("COM0")
调用即可。

参考此处

http://www.cnblogs.com/ezhong/archive/2011/04/08/2171481.html

2 UNIFORM编码方式不支持CreateFile（）函数

UNIFORM编码方式不支持Create（）函数，需要以_T(）进行转换。

CreateFile(_T("COM3:"
),
        GENERIC_READ | GENERIC_WRITE,
        0,
        NULL,
        OPEN_EXISTING,
        FILE_ATTRIBUTE_NORMAL,
        NULL);