15.7节练习

练习15.24 哪种类需要虚析构函数？虚析构函数必须执行什么样的操作？

有基类和派生类的继承体就要虚析构函数。

当指向基类的指针绑定到派生类上，要确保删除基类指针时将运行正确的析构函数版本，及使用被绑定的派生类中的析构函数。

练习15.25 我们为什么为Disc_quote定义了一个默认构造函数？如果去除掉该构造函数的话会对Bulk_quote的行为产生什么影响？

合成的Bulk_quote默认构造函数运行Disc_quote的默认构造函数，后者又运行Quote的默认构造函数。如果去除DIsc_quote的构造函数，那么程序将不能初始化qyt和discount成员。

练习15.26 定义Quote和Bulk_Quote的拷贝控制成员，令其与合成的版本行为一致。为这些成员以及其他的构造函数添加打印状态的语句，使得我们能够知道正在运行哪个程序。使用这些类编写程序，预测程序将创建和销毁哪些对象。重复实验，不断比较你的预测和实际输出结果是否相同。

#include <iostream>
#include <string>
using namespace std;

class Quote {
	friend 	double print_total(ostream&, const Quote&, size_t);
public:
	Quote() = default;
	Quote(const std::string &book, double sales_price) :bookNo(book), price(sales_price) {}
	std::string isbn() const { return bookNo; }
	virtual double net_price(std::size_t n) const { return n*price; }
	virtual void debug() const;

	Quote(const Quote&);
	Quote(Quote&&);
	Quote& operator=(const Quote&);
	Quote& operator=(Quote&&);
	virtual ~Quote();

private:
	std::string bookNo;
protected:
	double price = 0.0;
};
double print_total(ostream &os, const Quote &item, size_t n)
{
	double ret = item.net_price(n);
	os << "ISBN: " << item.isbn() << " # sold: " << n << " total due: " << ret << endl;
	return ret;
}
void Quote::debug()const
{
	cout << "bookNo: " << bookNo << " price: " << price;
}
Quote::Quote(const Quote &rhs)
{
	bookNo = rhs.isbn();
	price = rhs.price;
	cout << "used Quote&" << endl;
}
Quote::Quote(Quote &&rhs)
{
	bookNo = rhs.isbn();
	price = rhs.price;
	cout << "used Quote&&" << endl;
}
Quote& Quote::operator=(const Quote &rhs)
{
	bookNo = rhs.isbn();
	price = rhs.price;
	cout << "used Quote operator= &" << endl;
	return *this;
}
Quote& Quote::operator=(Quote &&rhs)
{
	if (this != &rhs)
	{
		bookNo = rhs.isbn();
		price = rhs.price;
	}
	cout << "used Quote operator &&" << endl;
	return *this;
}
Quote::~Quote()
{
	bookNo.clear();
	cout << "~used Quote" << endl;
}

class Bulk_Quote :public Quote {
public:
	Bulk_Quote() = default;
	Bulk_Quote(const std::string &book, double p, std::size_t qty, double disc) :
		Quote(book, p), min_qty(qty), discount(disc) {}
	double net_price(std::size_t)const override;
	void debug()const override;

	Bulk_Quote(const Bulk_Quote&);
	Bulk_Quote(Bulk_Quote &&);
	Bulk_Quote& operator=(const Bulk_Quote &);
	Bulk_Quote& operator=(Bulk_Quote &&);
	~Bulk_Quote();
private:
	std::size_t min_qty = 0;
	double discount = 0.0;
};
double Bulk_Quote::net_price(std::size_t cnt) const
{
	if (cnt >= min_qty) {
		return cnt*(1 - discount)*price;
	}
	else
	{
		return cnt*price;
	}
}
void Bulk_Quote::debug()const
{
	cout << "min_pty: " << min_qty << " discount: " << discount;
}

Bulk_Quote::Bulk_Quote(const Bulk_Quote &rhs)
{
	min_qty = rhs.min_qty;
	discount = rhs.discount;
	cout << "used Bulk_Quote &" << endl;
}
Bulk_Quote::Bulk_Quote(Bulk_Quote &&rhs)
{
	min_qty = rhs.min_qty;
	discount = rhs.discount;
	cout << "used Bulk_Quote &&" << endl;
}
Bulk_Quote& Bulk_Quote::operator=(const Bulk_Quote &rhs)
{
	min_qty = rhs.min_qty;
	discount = rhs.discount;
	cout << "used Bulk_Quote operator= &" << endl;
	return *this;
}
Bulk_Quote& Bulk_Quote::operator=(Bulk_Quote &&rhs)
{
	if (this != &rhs) {
		min_qty = rhs.min_qty;
		discount = rhs.discount;
	}
	cout << "used Bulk_Quote operator= &&" << endl;
	return *this;
}
Bulk_Quote::~Bulk_Quote()
{
	cout << "used ~Bulk_Quote" << endl;
}
int main()
{
	//Quote q1("qqq", 3.5);
	//Quote q2 = q1;
	//Quote q3 = std::move(q1);
	Bulk_Quote b1("bbb", 3.5, 10, 2.4);
	Bulk_Quote b2 = b1;
	Bulk_Quote b3 = std::move(b1);
	
}

练习15.27 重新定义你的Bulk_quote类，令其继承构造函数

	Bulk_Quote(const std::string &book, double price, std::size_t qty, double disc) :
				Disc_quote(book, price, qty, disc) {}

或者

using Disc_quote::Disc_quote;