Spring框架入门（环境搭建）

Spring的下载安装

1. 登录网站https://repo.spring.io/libs-release-local/org/springframework/spring/可以找到Spring各种框架的压缩包，目前Spring最新版本是：5.1.8.RELEASE，点击下载spring-framework-5.1.8.RELEASE-dist.zip
2. 下载完成解压后​​​​​​​，得到一个spring-framework-5.1.8.RELEASE文件夹，该文件夹下有如下几个子文件夹。

   docs：该文件夹下放Spring的相关文档，包括开发指南、API参考文档。
   libs：该目录下的jar包分为3类（.jar|-sources.jar|-javadoc.jar）这三种结尾方式
         只以.jar结尾的是Spring框架的class文件的jar包，以-sources.jar结尾的是Spring框架的源文件的 
         jar包（里面都是java文件），以-javadoc.jar结尾的是Spring框架的API文档jar包。整个Spring框架        
         由21个模块组成，可以看到每个模块都提供了3个jar包。
   schemas：该目录下包含了Spring的各种配置文件的XML Schema文档。
   license.txt、notice.txt、readme.txt都是说明性文档

    

3.  将libs目录下所需要模块的class文件的jar包添加到项目的Java Build Path中，一共21个包，然后就使用Spring框架了。

用Maven导入Spring包

1. 上面这种方法其实配置Spring框架是有点麻烦的，我更偏向于用Maven这种方式
2. 新建Maven项目，在pom.xml文件配置下面几段

        <properties>
           <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
           <maven.compiler.source>1.8</maven.compiler.source>
           <maven.compiler.target>1.8</maven.compiler.target>
           <!--用于统一Spring版本-->
           <spring.version>5.1.7.RELEASE</spring.version>
       </properties>
   
       <dependencies>
           <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework/spring-aop -->
           <dependency>
               <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
               <artifactId>spring-aop</artifactId>
               <version>${spring.version}</version>
           </dependency>
           <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework/spring-aspects -->
           <dependency>
               <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
               <artifactId>spring-aspects</artifactId>
               <version>${spring.version}</version>
           </dependency>
           <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework/spring-beans -->
           <dependency>
               <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
               <artifactId>spring-beans</artifactId>
               <version>${spring.version}</version>
           </dependency>
           <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework/spring-context -->
           <dependency>
               <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
               <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
               <version>${spring.version}</version>
           </dependency>
           <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework/spring-context-indexer -->
           <dependency>
               <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
               <artifactId>spring-context-indexer</artifactId>
               <version>${spring.version}</version>
               <scope>optional</scope>
           </dependency>
           <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework/spring-context-support -->
           <dependency>
               <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
               <artifactId>spring-context-support</artifactId>
               <version>${spring.version}</version>
           </dependency>
           <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework/spring-core -->
           <dependency>
               <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
               <artifactId>spring-core</artifactId>
               <version>${spring.version}</version>
           </dependency>
           <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework/spring-expression -->
           <dependency>
               <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
               <artifactId>spring-expression</artifactId>
               <version>${spring.version}</version>
           </dependency>
           <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework/spring-instrument -->
           <dependency>
               <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
               <artifactId>spring-instrument</artifactId>
               <version>${spring.version}</version>
           </dependency>
           <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework/spring-jcl -->
           <dependency>
               <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
               <artifactId>spring-jcl</artifactId>
               <version>${spring.version}</version>
           </dependency>
           <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework/spring-jdbc -->
           <dependency>
               <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
               <artifactId>spring-jdbc</artifactId>
               <version>${spring.version}</version>
           </dependency>
           <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework/spring-jms -->
           <dependency>
               <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
               <artifactId>spring-jms</artifactId>
               <version>${spring.version}</version>
           </dependency>
           <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework/spring-messaging -->
           <dependency>
               <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
               <artifactId>spring-messaging</artifactId>
               <version>${spring.version}</version>
           </dependency>
           <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework/spring-orm -->
           <dependency>
               <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
               <artifactId>spring-orm</artifactId>
               <version>${spring.version}</version>
           </dependency>
           <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework/spring-oxm -->
           <dependency>
               <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
               <artifactId>spring-oxm</artifactId>
               <version>${spring.version}</version>
           </dependency>
           <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework/spring-test -->
           <dependency>
               <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
               <artifactId>spring-test</artifactId>
               <version>${spring.version}</version>
               <scope>test</scope>
           </dependency>
           <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework/spring-tx -->
           <dependency>
               <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
               <artifactId>spring-tx</artifactId>
               <version>${spring.version}</version>
           </dependency>
           <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework/spring-web -->
           <dependency>
               <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
               <artifactId>spring-web</artifactId>
               <version>${spring.version}</version>
           </dependency>
           <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework/spring-webmvc -->
           <dependency>
               <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
               <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
               <version>${spring.version}</version>
           </dependency>
           <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework/spring-webflux -->
           <dependency>
               <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
               <artifactId>spring-webflux</artifactId>
               <version>${spring.version}</version>
           </dependency>
           <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework/spring-websocket -->
           <dependency>
               <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
               <artifactId>spring-websocket</artifactId>
               <version>${spring.version}</version>
           </dependency>
   
           <dependency>
               <groupId>junit</groupId>
               <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
               <version>4.11</version>
               <scope>test</scope>
           </dependency>
       </dependencies>