黑马程序员 java学习笔记——枚举

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为什么要定义枚举？

问题：要定义星期几或性别的变量，该怎么定义？

假设用1-7分别表示星期一到星期日，（一般0表示星期日 6表示星期六）
但有人可能会写成int weekday = 0;或即使使用常量方式也无法阻止意外。

什么是枚举？

枚举就是要让某个类型的变量的取值只能为若干个固定值中的一个，否则，编译器就会报错。枚举可以让编译器在编译时就可以控制源程序中填写的非法值，普通变量的方式在开发阶段无法实现这一目标。

用普通类模拟枚举的实现原理

示例代码如下：

abstract class WeekDay{
	private WeekDay(){}
	public final static WeekDay SUN=new WeekDay(){
		public WeekDay nextDay(){
			return MON;
		}
	};
	public final static WeekDay MON=new WeekDay(){
		public WeekDay nextDay(){
			return SUN;
		}
	};
	public abstract WeekDay nextDay();
	public String toString(){
		return this==SUN?"SUN":"MON";
	}
}
public class Demo{
	public static void main(String[] args){
		WeekDay weekDay=WeekDay.MON;
		System.out.println(weekDay.nextDay());
	}
}

java5枚举的基本应用

示例代码如下：

public class Demo{
	public static void main(String[] args){
		WeekDay weekDay=WeekDay.MON;
		sop(weekDay);
		sop(weekDay.name());
		sop(weekDay.ordinal());
		sop(WeekDay.valueOf("WED").toString());
		sop(WeekDay.values().length);
		
	}
	public enum WeekDay{
		SUN,MON,TUE,WED,THU,FRI,SAT;
	}
	public static void sop(Object obj){
		System.out.println(obj);
	}
}

实现带有构造方法的枚举

示例代码如下：

public class Demo{
	public static void main(String[] args){
		WeekDay weekDay=WeekDay.MON;
		sop(weekDay);
		sop(weekDay.name());
		sop(weekDay.ordinal());
		sop(WeekDay.valueOf("WED").toString());
		sop(WeekDay.values().length);
		
	}
	public enum WeekDay{
		SUN(0),MON(1),TUE(2),WED,THU,FRI,SAT;
		private WeekDay(){
			sop("无参构造方法");
		}
		private WeekDay(int day){
			sop("有参构造方法");
		}
	}
	public static void sop(Object obj){
		System.out.println(obj);
	}
}

实现带有抽象方法的枚举

示例代码如下：

public class Demo{
	public static void main(String[] args){
		TrafficLamp red=TrafficLamp.RED;
		System.out.println(red.nextLamp());
		
	}
	public enum TrafficLamp{
		RED(30){
			public TrafficLamp nextLamp(){
				return GREEN;
			}
		},
		GREEN(45){
			public TrafficLamp nextLamp(){
				return YELLOW;
			}
		},
		YELLOW(5){
			public TrafficLamp nextLamp(){
				return RED;
			}
		};
		public abstract TrafficLamp nextLamp();
		private int time;
		private TrafficLamp(int time){
			this.time=time;
		}
	}
}

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