SpringBoot配置参数获取

1、使用@Value注解

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
 
@Component
public class MyBean {
	
    @Value("${myapp.name}") 
    private String appName;
    
    public void printAppName() {
        System.out.println(appName);
    }
}

2、使用Environment对象

import org.springframework.core.env.Environment;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
 
@Component
public class MyBean {
	
    private final Environment environment;
  
    public MyBean(Environment environment) {
      this.environment = environment;
    }
  
    public void printConfigParam() {
      String paramValue = environment.getProperty("myapp.param"); 
      System.out.println(paramValue);
    }
}

3、使用@ConfigurationProperties 注解

3.1 当有大量的配置参数时，可以将它们组合到一个POJO类中，使用@Component、@ConfigurationProperties注解进行自动装配。此场景下，当POJO类被实例化为Bean对象时，@ConfigurationProperties会将其前缀的后面的配置参数与POJO类的属性进行匹配,名称相同的进行赋值。

import org.springframework.boot.context.properties.ConfigurationProperties;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
 
@Component
@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "myapp") // myapp 为配置参数的前缀
public class ConfigEntity {
	
    private String name;
    private String param;
    private int version;
  
    // getters and setters...
  
    public static class InnerClass {
        private boolean enabled;
        // getter and setter for inner class properties...
    }
  
    private InnerClass inner;
  
    // getters and setters for inner class properties...
}

3.2 使用@Bean、@ConfigurationProperties注解在配置类（@Configuration注解的类）的Bean定义方法时，可使配置文件中相应的配置参数初始化该Bean的属性。以数据源配置为例，将前缀为“spring.datasource.primary”的配置参数，赋值给DataSource对应的属性。

@Configuration
public class DataSourceConfig {

	@Primary
	@Bean(name = "primaryDataSource")
	@ConfigurationProperties(prefix="spring.datasource.primary")
	public DataSource primaryDataSource() {
		return DataSourceBuilder.create().build();
	}
}

3.3 配置参数的List、Map形式

kafka:
  consumers:
    ### 86
    - topics: DCCP-1,DCCP-2
      servers: kafka01:8423,kafka02:8423,kafka03:8423
      groupId: consumer_group
      username: consumer
      password: ******
    ### 131
    - topics: DCCP-3,DCCP-4
      servers: kafka01:8423,kafka02:8423,kafka03:8423
      groupId: consumer_group
      username: consumer
      password: ******
	- ...

import lombok.Data;
import org.springframework.boot.context.properties.ConfigurationProperties;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

@Data
@Component
@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "kafka")
public class KafkaConsumers {
    private List<Map<String, Object>> consumers;

}

4、使用@EnableConfigurationProperties 注解

如果想要全局共享配置参数，则可以使用@EnableConfigurationProperties注解。首先创建一个与配置项对应的POJO类，并使用@ConfigurationProperties 注解指定前缀。然后，在主程序类上添加@EnableConfigurationProperties注解，并传入该POJO类作为参数。示例如下所示：

import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.context.properties.EnableConfigurationProperties;
 
@SpringBootApplication
@EnableConfigurationProperties(ConfigEntity.class)
public class Application {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(Application.class, args);
    }
}