OC-NSString

4.oc字符串对象常量

各种操作:

1)给不可变字符串对象赋值，获取对应下标的字符：

例如：

NSString * str =@"welcome to qianfeng!";//1.这是一个OC的字符串对象常量； 2.和C语言的字符串写法不同

unichar c = [strcharacterAtIndex:0];//获取索引/下标对应的字符(下标都是从0开始)

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2)创建一个不可变字符串对象，并对其赋值。

//NSString不可变字符串字符串对象的内容不可变

//NSMutableString可变字符串 字符串对象的内容可以改变

方法1：      

//1.创建一个字符串对象

NSString * str = [[NSStringalloc]initWithString:@"I love iOS!"];

//str = @"hello";  str指向的对象内容不能改变。但是str这个指针是可以变的

方法2：

//2.创建字符串对象

//代表把C的字符串按照UTF8的编码格式转化为OC的字符串

NSString * str = [[NSStringalloc]initWithUTF8String:"I love iOS!"];

方法3:

//3.创建一个字符串对象

//格式化创建一个字符串对象

//作用1:把int/float数据转化为字符串

NSString *str = [[NSStringalloc]initWithFormat:@"a = %d",a];

NSString *ptr = [[NSStringalloc]initWithFormat:@"%f",3.14];

        

//作用2:可以实现拼接（另一例子见老师代码OC10）

str =@"I love";

ptr = [[NSStringalloc]initWithFormat:@"%@ you",str];//将you拼接到str内容后，并用ptr指向新的字符串。

NSLog(@"str = %@",str);//str = I love

NSLog(@"ptr = %@",ptr);//ptr = I love you

      

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3)求字符串的有效长度

NSUInteger l = [str2length]; 

//或者使用点调用如下:

NSUInteger l = str2.length;//求字符串的长度（字符个数）

另：

unichar c = [str2characterAtIndex:l-1];//OC字符串不包含‘\0’；OC的一切操作不要越界字符串的下标范围是0到l-1

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4)关于两个字符串的比较（注意返回值的定义）

方法一:判断两个字符串是否相等

例如：

NSString * str1 =@"Hello";

NSString * str2 =@"Hello";

//bool a;

//BOOL : signed char  YES(1) NO(0)  

//判断两个字符串是否相等 相同返回1（YES） 不同返回0（NO）

BOOL ret = [str1  isEqualToString:str2];

方法二:字符串的比较

例如:

//字符串的比较：左边str1 大于右边str2  返回1 小于  返回  -1 相等返回0

NSString * str1 =@"12345";

NSString * str2 =@"54321";

NSComparisonResult retCmp = [str1compare:str2];

NSLog(@"retCmp = %ld",retCmp);

方法三:两字符串不区分大小写进行比较

例如:

NSString * str1 =@"Hello";

NSString * str2 =@"hello";

NSComparisonResultretCmp = [str1 caseInsensitiveCompare:str2];

NSLog(@"retCmp = %ld",retCmp);NSLog(@"retCmp = %ld",retCmp);

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5)字符串查找返回一个范围

NSRange 类中有两个成员变量:location，length；

location是所查找字符串的第一个字符在原字符串中的位置。

length是所查找字符串的长度。

例1:

//字符串查找 返回一个范围

//返回@“to”在@"Welcometobeijing"中的范围；

NSString *str =@"Welcometobeijing";

NSRange range = [strrangeOfString:@"to"];

//找不到返回NSNotFound

if (range.location !=NSNotFound)

{

   NSLog(@"range.loc = %lu  len = %lu",range.location,range.length);

    NSLog(@"range = %@",NSStringFromRange(range));//把（NSRange）转为字符串

}

else

{

   NSLog(@"Not found");

}

例2:当字符串中有两个所要查找的子串，默认从前向后查找，且返回第一个所查找到的位置。

NSString *str =@"Welcometobeijingtoqianfeng";

NSRangerange = [str rangeOfString:@"to"];

if (range.location !=NSNotFound) 

{

  NSLog(@"range.loc = %lu  len = %lu",range.location,range.length);//默认返回的是第一找到的范围

  NSLog(@"range = %@",NSStringFromRange(range));//把（NSRange）转为字符串

}

else

{

  NSLog(@"Not found");

}

例3:当字符串中有两个所要查找的子串，要求从后向前查找，且返回第一个所查找到的位置。

//从后向前查找

range = [strrangeOfString:@"to"options:NSBackwardsSearch];

        

if (range.location !=NSNotFound)

{

   NSLog(@"range = %@",NSStringFromRange(range));

}

else

{

  NSLog(@"Not found");

}

   

例4:在指定范围内，从后向前查找字符串，且返回第一个所查找到的位置。

NSRange range = [strrangeOfString:@"to"options:NSBackwardsSearchrange:NSMakeRange(0,25)];

//注意NSMakeRange的使用，对字符串的操作中会经常使用到。

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6)字符串的提取

方法一:

NSString * str =@"Welcometo1000phone";

NSString * ptr = [strsubstringToIndex:7];//字符串抽取（0<= x <7）不包含下标7；

方法二:

NSString * str =@"Welcometo1000phone";

NSLog(@"ptr = %@",ptr);//从下标9开始抽取到结束包含下标9,即(9<=x<=str.length-1)

方法三:

//在指定范围内抽取

NSString * str =@"Welcometo1000phone";

NSLog(@"ptr = %@",ptr);

ptr = [strsubstringWithRange:NSMakeRange(7,2)];

NSLog(@"ptr = %@",ptr);

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7)把数字串转化为整型数据

例如:

str =@"123";

int a = [strintValue];//把数字串转化为整型数据

NSLog(@"a = %d",a);

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8)把C字符串转化为OC字符串

例子:

char buff1[256] = {};

scanf("%s",buff1);

//把C的转化为OC的

NSString * str1 = [NSStringstringWithUTF8String:buff1];

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5.OC可变字符串对象

什么是可变字符串对象？

答：可变字符串对象的内容可以改变

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

1)创建可变字符串对象

例如:

NSMutableString *str = [[NSMutableStringalloc]initWithString:@"helloworld"];

//str指向的对象内容可以改变；

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2)对可变字符串对象的操作:增、删、改

注意:OC中，可变的空间可以动态的增加和减少，不需要手动操作。

-------------增--------------

方法一：

[strinsertString:@"123"atIndex:3];

方法二：

[strappendString:@"iOS"];//追加

-------------删--------------

[strdeleteCharactersInRange:NSMakeRange(2,4)];

-------------改--------------

方法一：

//修改

[strsetString:@"I love her"];

str.string =@"I love her";

方法二：

//替换

NSLog(@"str - %@",str);

[strreplaceCharactersInRange:NSMakeRange(2,4)withString:@"hate"];

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6.把OC字符串转化为C语言的字符串

constchar *p = [strUTF8String];

//或者

char *p = [strUTF8String];

6-13字符串补充

1.判断一个字符串是否是另一个字符串的前缀

方法一:

//返回值是BOOL类型

NSString * str1 =@"1www.baidu.com";

BOOL ret = [str1hasPrefix:@"www."];

方法二:

//返回值是NSRange类型

NSRange range = [str1rangeOfString:@"www."options:NSAnchoredSearchrange:NSMakeRange(0, [str1length]-1)];

//注意：NSAnchoredSearch用法：判断str1在指定范围内，是否把@“www.”作为开始，当设置的范围是从0开始的时候，即变为判断是否是前缀。

通用方法:

NSRange range = [str1rangeOfString:@"www."options:NSAnchoredSearchrange:NSMakeRange(1, [str1length]-1)];

//判断str1从下标1开始的字符串是否以@“www.”作为开头

2.判断一个字符串是否是另一个字符串的后缀

例如:

NSString * str2 =@"1310.doc";

ret = [str2hasSuffix:@".doc"];

NSLog(@"ret = %d",ret);

3.把不可变字符串转化为可变字符串

例如:

NSString * str1 =@"When I was young, I loved a girl on neighbor class.";

NSMutableString * str = [NSMutableStringstringWithString:str1];//把不可变转化为可变

iOS OC字符串处理

1、创建常量字符串。
 NSString *astring = @"This is a String!";

 

 2、创建空字符串，给予赋值。

 NSString *astring = [[NSString alloc] init];
 astring = @"This is a String!";
 NSLog(@"astring:%@",astring);
 [astring release];

 

3、在以上方法中，提升速度:initWithString方法

 NSString *astring = [[NSString alloc] initWithString:@"This is a String!"];
 NSLog(@"astring:%@",astring);
 [astring release];

 

4、用标准c创建字符串:initWithCString方法

char *Cstring = "This is a String!";
NSString *astring = [[NSString alloc] initWithCString:Cstring];
NSLog(@"astring:%@",astring);
[astring release];

 

5、创建格式化字符串:占位符（由一个%加一个字符组成）

    int i = 1;
    int j = 2;
    NSString *astring = [[NSString alloc] initWithString:[NSString stringWithFormat:@"%d.This is %i string!",i,j]];
    NSLog(@"astring:%@",astring);
    [astring release];

6、创建临时字符串

    NSString *astring;
    astring = [NSString stringWithCString:"This is a temporary string"];
    NSLog(@"astring:%@",astring); 

 

7、判断字符串为空

NSString *urlString = [urlInput stringValue];
if (!urlString) { 
NSLog( @”NO INPUT.” );
} 
if ([urlString length] == 0 ) {
NSLog( @”NO INPUT.” );
} 

 

 

 

9、是否以”test”开头;是否以”.move”结尾;

NSString *fileName = @”test.move”;

　　if ([fileName hasPrefix:@"test"]) {

　　NSLog(@”has Test String !”);

　　}else{

　　NSLog(@”don’t have Test”);

　　}

 

　　[fileName hasSuffix:@".move"]?NSLog(@”Yes it got a .Mov in its end”):NSLog(@”no it has no .mov string”);

 

 

 

10、比较两个字符串:

strcmp函数

    char string1[] = "string!";
    char string2[] = "string!";
    if(strcmp(string1, string2) = = 0)
    {
        NSLog(@"1");
    }

isEqualToString方法    
    NSString *astring01 = @"This is a String!";
    NSString *astring02 = @"This is a String!";
    BOOL result = [astring01 isEqualToString:astring02];
    NSLog(@"result:%d",result);

 

compare方法(comparer返回的三种值)    
    NSString *astring01 = @"This is a String!";
    NSString *astring02 = @"This is a String!";    
    BOOL result = [astring01 compare:astring02] = = NSOrderedSame;    
    NSLog(@"result:%d",result);    
    NSOrderedSame 判断两者内容是否相同

    

    NSString *astring01 = @"This is a String!";
    NSString *astring02 = @"this is a String!";
    BOOL result = [astring01 compare:astring02] = = NSOrderedAscending;    
    NSLog(@"result:%d",result);

    NSOrderedAscending 判断两对象值的大小(按字母顺序进行比较，astring02大于astring01为真)

 

 

    NSString *astring01 = @"this is a String!";
    NSString *astring02 = @"This is a String!";
    BOOL result = [astring01 compare:astring02] = = NSOrderedDescending;    
    NSLog(@"result:%d",result);     
    NSOrderedDescending 判断两对象值的大小(按字母顺序进行比较，astring02小于astring01为真)

 

 

不考虑大 小写比较字符串1
    NSString *astring01 = @"this is a String!";
    NSString *astring02 = @"This is a String!";
    BOOL result = [astring01 caseInsensitiveCompare:astring02] = = NSOrderedSame;    
    NSLog(@"result:%d",result);

NSOrderedDescending判断两对象值的大小(按字母顺序进行比较，astring02小于astring01为真)

 

不考虑大小写比较字符串2
    NSString *astring01 = @"this is a String!";
    NSString *astring02 = @"This is a String!";
    BOOL result = [astring01 compare:astring02
                            options:NSCaseInsensitiveSearch | NSNumericSearch] = = NSOrderedSame;    
    NSLog(@"result:%d",result);     
 
NSCaseInsensitiveSearch:不区分大小写比较 NSLiteralSearch:进行完全比较，区分大小写NSNumericSearch:比较字符串的字符个数，而不是字符值。

 

11、声明一个可变字符;长度是40个字符;

　　NSMutableString *myMutableString;

　　myMutableString = [NSMutableString stringWithCapacity:40];

　　NSString *myName = @”Leo”;

　　

　　[myMutableString appendString:@"Hello ,there"];

　　[myMutableString appendFormat:@" i am %@",myName];

　　NSLog(@”this is NSMutableString: %@”,myMutableString);

　　//this is NSMutableString: Hello ,there i am Leo;

　　

12、修改可变字符;先声明一个可变字符 myFriend;长度30;

 

　　NSMutableString *myGirlFriend;

　　myGirlFriend = [NSMutableString stringWithCapacity:30];

　　//然后给字符加入一些内容;

　　[myGirlFriend appendString:@"Here are my GF:Carol Sophia Ashley Helen and Yoyo"];

　　NSLog(@”%@”,myGirlFriend);

　　//声名一个变动范围(NSRange);

　　NSRange joneRange;

　　joneRange = [myGirlFriend rangeOfString:@"Helen "];

　　//下面:就是从myFriend字符中配对,如果有相等的内容就删除了;

　　[myGirlFriend deleteCharactersInRange:joneRange];

　　NSLog(@”%@”,myGirlFriend);

13、在一个字符串后面附加一个新的字符串

NSString *a = @"a";

NSString *b = [a stringByAppendingString:@"b"];//b变量的值为“ab”

14、字符串转换整数值

NSString *age = @"36";

if([age intValue]>35){

}

15、从文件读取字符串:initWithContentsOfFile方法
    NSString *path = @"astring.text";
    NSString *astring = [[NSString alloc] initWithContentsOfFile:path];
    NSLog(@"astring:%@",astring);
    [astring release];

16、写字符串到文件:writeToFile方法
    NSString *astring = [[NSString alloc] initWithString:@"This is a String!"];
    NSLog(@"astring:%@",astring);
    NSString *path = @"astring.text";    
    [astring writeToFile: path atomically: YES];
    [astring release];   

 

17、改变字符串的大小写

    NSString *string1 = @"A String"; 
    NSString *string2 = @"String"; 
    NSLog(@"string1:%@",[string1 uppercaseString]);//大写
    NSLog(@"string2:%@",[string2 lowercaseString]);//小写
    NSLog(@"string2:%@",[string2 capitalizedString]);//首字母大小

 

18、在串中搜索子串

    NSString *string1 = @"This is a string";
    NSString *string2 = @"string";
    NSRange range = [string1 rangeOfString:string2];
    int location = range.location;
    int leight = range.length;
    NSString *astring = [[NSString alloc] initWithString:[NSString stringWithFormat:@"Location:%i,Leight:%i",location,leight]];
    NSLog(@"astring:%@",astring);
    [astring release];

 

19、抽取子串

    //-substringToIndex: 从字符串的开头一直截取到指定的位置，但不包括该位置的字符
    NSString *string1 = @"This is a string";
    NSString *string2 = [string1 substringToIndex:3];
    NSLog(@"string2:%@",string2);

    //-substringFromIndex: 以指定位置开始（包括指定位置的字符），并包括之后的全部字符
    NSString *string1 = @"This is a string";
    NSString *string2 = [string1 substringFromIndex:3];
    NSLog(@"string2:%@",string2);
 
 
    //-substringWithRange: //按照所给出的位置，长度，任意地从字符串中截取子串
    NSString *string1 = @"This is a string";
    NSString *string2 = [string1 substringWithRange:NSMakeRange(0, 4)];
    NSLog(@"string2:%@",string2);
 
 
20、扩展路径
 
    NSString *Path = @"~/NSData.txt";
    NSString *absolutePath = [Path stringByExpandingTildeInPath];
    NSLog(@"absolutePath:%@",absolutePath);
    NSLog(@"Path:%@",[absolutePath stringByAbbreviatingWithTildeInPath]);
 
 
 
21、文件扩展名
    NSString *Path = @"~/NSData.txt";
    NSLog(@"Extension:%@",[Path pathExtension]);

 
22、在已有字符串后面添加字符  
    NSMutableString *String1 = [[NSMutableString alloc] initWithString:@"This is a NSMutableString"];
    //[String1 appendString:@", I will be adding some character"];
    [String1 appendFormat:[NSString stringWithFormat:@", I will be adding some character"]];
    NSLog(@"String1:%@",String1);

23、在已有字符串中按照所给出范围和长度删除字符

     NSMutableString *String1 = [[NSMutableString alloc] initWithString:@"This is a NSMutableString"];
     [String1 deleteCharactersInRange:NSMakeRange(0, 5)];
     NSLog(@"String1:%@",String1);
 
 
 
24、在已有字符串后面在所指定的位置中插入给出的字符串
 
    //-insertString: atIndex:
    NSMutableString *String1 = [[NSMutableString alloc] initWithString:@"This is a NSMutableString"];
    [String1 insertString:@"Hi! " atIndex:0];
    NSLog(@"String1:%@",String1);
 

25、将已有的空符串换成其它的字符串
 
    //-setString:
    NSMutableString *String1 = [[NSMutableString alloc] initWithString:@"This is a NSMutableString"];
    [String1 setString:@"Hello Word!"];
    NSLog(@"String1:%@",String1);
 
26、按照所给出的范围，和字符串替换的原有的字符
 
    //-setString:
    NSMutableString *String1 = [[NSMutableString alloc] initWithString:@"This is a NSMutableString"];
    [String1 replaceCharactersInRange:NSMakeRange(0, 4) withString:@"That"];
    NSLog(@"String1:%@",String1);
 
27、判断字符串内是否还包含别的字符串(前缀，后缀)
    //01：检查字符串是否以另一个字符串开头- (BOOL) hasPrefix: (NSString *) aString;
    NSString *String1 = @"NSStringInformation.txt";
    [String1 hasPrefix:@"NSString"] = = 1 ?  NSLog(@"YES") : NSLog(@"NO");
    [String1 hasSuffix:@".txt"] = = 1 ?  NSLog(@"YES") : NSLog(@"NO");
    //02：查找字符串某处是否包含其它字符串 - (NSRange) rangeOfString: (NSString *) aString，这一点前面在串中搜索子串用到过;