二叉树(查询和删除)

一,插入数据

这里写图片描述

二叉树的插入过程
这里写图片描述

数据结构

typedef struct TreeNode {
    int data;
    struct TreeNode *leftchild;
    struct TreeNode *rightChild;
    struct TreeNode *parent;
}TreeNode;

1, 第一步判断二叉树是否有根节点

//判断根节点是否为空
    if (root == NULL) {
        //创建根节点
        root = (TreeNode *)malloc(sizeof(TreeNode));
        //赋值
        root->data = data;
        root->leftchild = NULL;
        root->rightChild = NULL;

        return root;
    }

2, 如果有节点就记录当前的根节点,遍历比较节点的数据大小, 添加节点

//遍历比较
    TreeNode *parent = NULL;
    TreeNode *node = root;
    //遍历遍历比较大小 , 查询找到插入的位置
    for (; node != NULL; ) {
        parent = node;
        //比较值
        if (data < parent->data) 
            node = parent->leftchild;
        else if (data > parent->data)
            node = parent->rightChild;
        else 
            return node;
    }

    //创建节点
    TreeNode* newNode = (TreeNode *)malloc(sizeof(TreeNode));
    //赋值操作
    newNode->data = data;
    newNode->leftchild = NULL;
    newNode->rightChild = NULL;
    if (data < parent->data) {
        parent->leftchild = newNode;
    }
    else {
        parent->rightChild = newNode;
    }

    //child指针父节点parent

    newNode->parent = parent;

二,前序,中序, 后续遍历

提一下遍历的定义:

  1. 前序遍历: DLR , 先根,在左, 再右
  2. 中序遍历:LDR,先左,在根, 再右
  3. 后序遍历:LRD, 先左, 在右,在根
前序遍历

LRD

void modleOrderTraverse(TreeNode *node) {
    if (node == NULL)
        return;
    printf("%d\t", node->data);
    modleOrderTraverse(node->leftchild);
    modleOrderTraverse(node->rightChild);

}
中序遍历

LDR

void midOrderTraverse(TreeNode* node) {
    if (node == NULL)
        return;
    midOrderTraverse(node->leftchild);
    printf("%d\t", node->data);
    midOrderTraverse(node->rightChild);
}
后序遍历

若二叉树为空则结束返回,
否则:
(1)后序遍历左子树
(2)后序遍历右子树
(3)访问根结点

LRD

void maxOrderTraverse(TreeNode* node) {

    if (node == NULL)
        return;
    midOrderTraverse(node->leftchild);
    midOrderTraverse(node->leftchild);
    printf("%d\t", node->data);

}

这里写图片描述

三,删除一个节点的操作

删除一个节点分为: 四种情况

1. 没有左右孩子节点的树的情况
2. 有左孩子的节点的树的情况
3. 有右孩子的节点的树的情况
4. 有左右孩子的节点的树的情况

1,第一种情况的分析没有左右节点的树情况

可以分为两种情况

  1. 是根(root)节点情况
  2. 不是节点的情况, 是叶子节点情况

①是根节点的情况图
这里写图片描述

//父节点为空时
if (parent == NULL) {
    root = NULL; //置空   
}

②,不是根节点的情况是叶子结点情况

这里写图片描述

if (parent->leftchild == node) {    
                    parent->leftchild = node->rightChild;
                }
                else if (parent->rightChild == node) {
                    parent->rightChild = node->leftchild;
                }
二,第二种情况和第三情况

只有左孩子或者右孩子的节点
大致也分为两类

1. 是根节点
2. 不是根节点,是只有左孩子或者右或者情况的节点

①,是根(root)节点的情况
这里写图片描述

//判r断父节点
if (parent == NULL) {
    root = parent->leftchild;

}

②,不是根节点的情况,只有左孩子或者右或者情况的节点
这里写图片描述

实现:

if (parent->leftchild == node) {
                    parent->leftchild = node->leftchild;
                }
                else if (parent->rightChild == node) {
                    parent->rightChild = node->leftchild;
                } 
三,第四情况

分为两个大的情况

  1. 节点right节点的left为空的情况(node->rightChild->left == NULL)
  2. 节点的right节点的left不为空的情况(node->rightCild->left != NULL)

这里写图片描述

①,第一种情况 (node->rightChild->left == NULL)
在这种情况下面也分为两种情况

1. 是根节点
2. 不是根节点,是只有左孩子或者右或者情况的节点

if (parent->rightChild->leftchild == NULL) {
                node->rightChild->leftchild = node->rightChild;
                if (parent == NULL) {
                    root = node->rightChild;


                }
                else if (parent->leftchild == node) {
                    parent->leftchild = node->leftchild;
                    //parent->leftchild->rightChild = node->rightChild;

                }
                else if (parent->rightChild == node) {
                    parent->rightChild = node->leftchild;
                    //parent->rightChild->leftchild = node->rightChild; 
                }
            }

②第二种情况(node->rightChild->leftChild != NULL)
这里写图片描述

TreeNode *leftNode = MinTreeNode(node->rightChild);

                //第一步   
                leftNode->leftchild = node->leftchild;
                //第二步
                TreeNode* leftNodep = leftNode->parent;
                leftNodep->leftchild = leftNode->rightChild;

                //第三步
                leftNode->rightChild = node->rightChild;

                //第四步
                if (parent == NULL)  
                    root = leftNode; 
                else { 
                    if (parent->leftchild == node) 
                        parent->leftchild = leftNode; 
                    else if (parent->rightChild == node) 
                        parent->rightChild = leftNode; 
                    //leftNode->parent = parent;
                }
            }

C语言的代码实现

#define _CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>


typedef struct TreeNode {
    int data;
    struct TreeNode *leftchild;
    struct TreeNode *rightChild;
    struct TreeNode *parent;
}TreeNode;

//根节点
TreeNode *root = NULL;

//添加节点
TreeNode* put(int data) {
    //判断根节点是否为空
    if (root == NULL) {
        //创建根节点
        root = (TreeNode *)malloc(sizeof(TreeNode));
        //赋值
        root->data = data;
        root->leftchild = NULL;
        root->rightChild = NULL;

        return root;
    }

    //遍历比较
    TreeNode *parent = NULL;
    TreeNode *node = root;
    //遍历遍历比较大小   ,查询找到插入的位置
    for (; node != NULL; ) {
        parent = node;
        //比较值
        if (data < parent->data) 
            node = parent->leftchild;
        else if (data > parent->data)
            node = parent->rightChild;
        else 
            return node;
    }

    //创建节点
    TreeNode* newNode = (TreeNode *)malloc(sizeof(TreeNode));
    //赋值操作
    newNode->data = data;
    newNode->leftchild = NULL;
    newNode->rightChild = NULL;
    if (data < parent->data) {
        parent->leftchild = newNode;
    }
    else {
        parent->rightChild = newNode;
    }

    //child指针父节点parent

    newNode->parent = parent;
    return newNode;
}


/**
* 中序遍历
*/
void midOrderTraverse(TreeNode* node) {
    if (node == NULL)
        return;
    midOrderTraverse(node->leftchild);
    printf("%d\t", node->data);
    midOrderTraverse(node->rightChild);
}
/**
* 后序遍历
*/
void maxOrderTraverse(TreeNode* node) {

    if (node == NULL)
        return;
    midOrderTraverse(node->leftchild);
    midOrderTraverse(node->leftchild);
    printf("%d\t", node->data);

}


/*
前序遍历
*/

void modleOrderTraverse(TreeNode *node) {
    if (node == NULL)
        return;
    printf("%d\t", node->data);
    modleOrderTraverse(node->leftchild);
    modleOrderTraverse(node->rightChild);

}


TreeNode * MinTreeNode(TreeNode *node) {
    if (node == NULL) {
        printf("方法名:%s\n", __FUNCTION__);
        return NULL;
    }
    else {
        while (node->leftchild != NULL) {
            node = node->leftchild;
        }
        return node;
    }
}


/*
   删除一个节点
*/
void delNode(TreeNode *node) {
    if (node == NULL) {
        printf("node == null\n");
    }
    else {
        TreeNode *parent = node->parent;
        //1, 没有孩子
        if ((node->rightChild == NULL) && (node->leftchild == NULL)) {
            //父节点为空时
            if (parent == NULL) {
                root = NULL;    
            }
            else {
                if (parent->leftchild == node) {    
                    parent->leftchild = node->rightChild;
                }
                else if (parent->rightChild == node) {
                    parent->rightChild = node->leftchild;
                }
            }
            //释放节点的内存
            free(node);
            //节点数据置空
            node->data = NULL;
            //父指针
            node->parent = NULL;
            node = NULL;

        }
        else if ((node->rightChild == NULL) && (node->leftchild != NULL)) {
            //2, 有左孩子
            //判r断父节点
            if (parent == NULL) {
                root = parent->leftchild;

            }
            else {
                if (parent->leftchild == node) {
                    parent->leftchild = node->leftchild;
                }
                else if (parent->rightChild == node) {
                    parent->rightChild = node->leftchild;
                } 
            }
            //释放节点的内存
            free(node);
            //节点数据置空
            node->data = NULL;
                //父指针
            node->parent = NULL;
            node = NULL;

        }
        else if ((node->rightChild != NULL) && (node->leftchild == NULL)) {
            //3,  有右孩子
            //判断父节点
            if (parent == NULL) {
                root = parent->rightChild;
                //parent->rightChild->parent = NULL;
            }
            else {
                if (parent->leftchild == node) {
                    parent->leftchild = node->rightChild;
                }
                else if (parent->rightChild == node) {
                    parent->rightChild = node->rightChild;
                }
            }
            //释放节点的内存
            free(node);
            //节点数据置空
            node->data = NULL;
            //父指针
            node->parent = NULL;
            node = NULL;

        }
        else if ((node->rightChild != NULL) && (node->leftchild != NULL)) {
            //4, 有左右孩子
            if (parent->rightChild->leftchild == NULL) {
                node->rightChild->leftchild = node->rightChild;
                if (parent == NULL) {
                    root = node->rightChild;


                }
                else if (parent->leftchild == node) {
                    parent->leftchild = node->leftchild;
                    //parent->leftchild->rightChild = node->rightChild;

                }
                else if (parent->rightChild == node) {
                    parent->rightChild = node->leftchild;
                    //parent->rightChild->leftchild = node->rightChild; 
                }
            }
            else {
                TreeNode *leftNode = MinTreeNode(node->rightChild);

                //第一步   
                leftNode->leftchild = node->leftchild;
                //第二步
                TreeNode* leftNodep = leftNode->parent;
                leftNodep->leftchild = leftNode->rightChild;

                //第三步
                leftNode->rightChild = node->rightChild;

                //第四步
                if (parent == NULL)  
                    root = leftNode; 
                else { 
                    if (parent->leftchild == node) 
                        parent->leftchild = leftNode; 
                    else if (parent->rightChild == node) 
                        parent->rightChild = leftNode; 
                    //leftNode->parent = parent;
                }
            }
            //释放节点的内存
            free(node);
            //节点数据置空
            node->data = NULL;
            //父指针 
            node->parent = NULL;
            node = NULL;
        }



    }

}


TreeNode* searchNode(int data) {
    if (root == NULL) {
        return NULL;
    }
    TreeNode* node = root;
    while (node != NULL) {
        if (node->data == data) {
            return node;
        }
        else if (node->data < data) {
            node = node->rightChild;
        }
        else if (node->data > data) {
            node = node->leftchild;
        }
    }

    return NULL;
}

int main(int argc, char* argv[])
{

    int arrays[] = {12, 3, 23, 5, 8, 1, 19, 2, 4, 56, 45, 34, 23, 33};


    for (int i = 0; i < 14; i++)
        put(arrays[i]);


    printf("中序遍历\n");
    midOrderTraverse(root);

    printf("\n");
    printf("前序遍历\n");
    printf("\n");
    modleOrderTraverse(root);
    printf("\n");
    printf("后序遍历\n");
    printf("\n");
    maxOrderTraverse(root);
    TreeNode * del = searchNode(33);

    delNode(del);
    printf("\n");
    midOrderTraverse(root);

    //modleOrderTraverse(root);
    printf("\n");
    system("pause");
    return EXIT_SUCCESS;
}

Java代码的实现

package com.songli.BinarayTree;

import java.util.NoSuchElementException;

import com.sun.jmx.snmp.BerException;

/**
    > Author: songli
    > QQ: 2734030745
    > Mail: 15850774503@163.com
    > CSDN: http://my.csdn.net/Poisx
    > github: https://github.com/chensongpoixs
 */
public class SearchBinaryTree {
    //根节点
    public TreeNode root;

    public class TreeNode {

        int data;
        TreeNode leftChild;
        TreeNode rightChild;
        TreeNode parent;

        /**
         * @return the data
         */
        public int getData() {
            return data;
        }
        /**
         * @param data the data to set
         */
        public void setData(int data) {
            this.data = data;
        }
        /**
         * @return the leftChild
         */
        public TreeNode getLeftChild() {
            return leftChild;
        }
        /**
         * @param leftChild the leftChild to set
         */
        public void setLeftChild(TreeNode leftChild) {
            this.leftChild = leftChild;
        }
        /**
         * @return the rightChild
         */
        public TreeNode getRightChild() {
            return rightChild;
        }
        /**
         * @param rightChild the rightChild to set
         */
        public void setRightChild(TreeNode rightChild) {
            this.rightChild = rightChild;
        }
        /**
         * @return the parent
         */
        public TreeNode getParent() {
            return parent;
        }
        /**
         * @param parent the parent to set
         */
        public void setParent(TreeNode parent) {
            this.parent = parent;
        }
        /**
         * 构造器
         * @param data
         * @param leftChild
         * @param rightChild
         * @param parent
         */
        public TreeNode(int data) {
            super();
            this.data = data;
            this.leftChild = null;
            this.rightChild = null;
            this.parent = null;
        } 




    }

    public TreeNode getRoot() {
        return root;
    }
    /**
     * 添加节点
     * @param data
     * @return
     */
    public TreeNode put(int data) {
        //判断根节点是否为空
        if (root == null){
            //创建节点
            TreeNode node = new TreeNode(data);
            //赋值给根节点
            root = node;
            return node; //返回节点
        }

        //遍历比较
        TreeNode parent = null;
        //得到根节点
        TreeNode node = root;
        //遍历比较节点的大小
        for (; node != null; ) {
            parent = node;
            //比较当前节点的值
            if (data < node.data) {
                node = node.leftChild;
            } else if(data > node.data) {
                node = node.rightChild;
            } else {
                //相等情况返回
                return node;
            }
        }

        //添加节点
        TreeNode newNode = new TreeNode(data);
        if (data < parent.data) {
            parent.leftChild = newNode;
        } else {
            parent.rightChild = newNode;
        }

        //child指针父节点parent
        newNode.parent = parent;

        return newNode;
    }

    /**
     * 前序遍历
     * @param root
     */
    public void preOrderTraverse(TreeNode root) {
        if (root == null) 
            return;

        System.out.println("pro Order : " + root.data);
        preOrderTraverse(root.leftChild);
        preOrderTraverse(root.rightChild);
    }
    /**
     * 中序遍历                            时间复杂度 :O(n)
     * @param root
     */
    public void midOrderTraverse(TreeNode root) {
        if (root == null) 
            return;
        midOrderTraverse(root.leftChild);
        System.out.print(root.data + " ");
        midOrderTraverse(root.rightChild);
    }


    /**
     * 
     * @param data
     * @return
     */
    public TreeNode searchNode(int data) {
        if (root == null) 
            return null;

        //比较right和left节点的大小   
        TreeNode node = root;
        //在java中不要使用   递归
        while (node != null) {
            //比较当前节点
            if (node.data == data)
                return node;
            else if (node.data < data) 
                node = node.rightChild;
            else if (node.data > data) 
                node = node.leftChild;
        }

        //不存节点在返回null
        return null;
    }



    /**
     * 删除一个节点
     * @param node
     */
    private void delNode(TreeNode node) {
        if (node == null) {
            //异常报错历   没有成
            throw new NoSuchElementException();
        } else {
            TreeNode parent = node.parent;
            //1,没有right 和left 子树
            if ((node.leftChild == null) && (node.rightChild == null)) {
                //判断父节点是否为空
                if (parent == null) {
                    root = null;
                } else if (parent.leftChild == node) {
                    parent.leftChild = null;
                } else if (parent.rightChild == node) {
                    parent.rightChild = null;
                }
                node.parent = null;
            } else if ((node.leftChild != null) && (node.rightChild == null)) {
                //2,有left子树
                if (parent == null) {
                    node.parent = null;
                    parent.leftChild.parent = null;  //改变孩子的指针 
                    root = node.leftChild;
                } else {
                    if (parent.leftChild == node) {
                        parent.leftChild = node.leftChild;              
                    } else if (parent.rightChild == node) {
                        parent.rightChild = node.rightChild;
                    }
                    node.parent = null;
                }
            } else if ((node.leftChild == null) && (node.rightChild != null)) {
                //3,有ringht子树
                if (parent == null) {
                    node.parent = null;
                    parent.rightChild.parent = null;  //改变孩子的指针 
                    root = node.rightChild;
                } else {
                    if (parent.leftChild == node) {
                        parent.leftChild = node.leftChild;
                    } else if (parent.rightChild == node) {
                        parent.rightChild = node.rightChild;
                    }

                    node.parent = null;
                }

            } else if ((node.leftChild != null) && (node.rightChild != null)) {
                //4,有letf, ringht树
                if (node.rightChild.leftChild == null) {
                    if (parent == null) {
                        root = node.rightChild;
                    } else {
                        if (parent.leftChild == node) {
                            parent.leftChild = node.rightChild;
                        } else if (parent.rightChild == node) {
                            parent.rightChild = node.rightChild;
                        }
                    }
                    node.parent = null;
                } else {
                    TreeNode newleftNode = MinleftNode(node.rightChild);

                    //第一步
                    newleftNode.leftChild = node.leftChild;

                    //第二步
                    TreeNode newleftNodeP = newleftNode.parent;
                    newleftNodeP.leftChild = newleftNode.rightChild;

                    //第三步
                    newleftNode.rightChild = node.rightChild;

                    //第四步
                    if (parent == null) {
                        root = newleftNode;
                    } else {
                        if (parent.leftChild == node) {
                            parent.leftChild = newleftNode;
                        } else if (parent.rightChild == node) {
                            parent.rightChild = newleftNode;
                        }
                    }   
                }
                //node.parent = null;
                //node = null;      
            }   
        }
    }

    /**
     * @param rightChild
     * @return
     */
    private TreeNode MinleftNode(TreeNode node) {
        // TODO Auto-generated method stub
        if (node == null) {
            return null;
        } else {
            while (node.leftChild != null) {
                node = node.leftChild;
            }
            return node;
        }
    }
    /**
     * @param args
     */
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        // TODO Auto-generated method stub

        int arrays[] = {12, 3, 23, 5, 8, 1, 19, 2, 4, 56, 45, 34, 23, 33};

        SearchBinaryTree tree = new SearchBinaryTree();

        for (int i: arrays) 
            tree.put(i);


        //打印
        tree.midOrderTraverse(tree.root);

        //查找树
        TreeNode node = tree.searchNode(23);
        //System.out.println(node != null ? node.data: null);

        System.out.println();

        tree.delNode(node);
        //打印
        tree.midOrderTraverse(tree.root);

    }

}
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