13、声明式事务
1、回顾事务
- 把一组业务当成一个业务来做;要么都成功,要么都失败
- 事务在项目开发中十分重要,涉及到数据的一致性问题,不能马虎
- 确保完整性和一致性
事务ACID原则:
- 原子性
- 一致性
- 隔离性
- 多个业务可能操作同一个资源,防止数据损坏
- 持久性
- 事务一旦提交,无论系统发生什么问题,结果都不会再被影响,被持久化的写到存储器中
2、spring中的事务管理
- 声明式事务:AOP
- 编程式事务:需要在代码中,进行事务的管理
思考:
为什么需要事务?
- 如果不配置事务,可能存在数据提交不一致的情况
- 如果我们不在spring中去配置声明式事务,我们就需要在代码中手动配置事务
- 事务在项目的开发中十分重要,涉及到数据的完整性和一致性问题,不容马虎!
代码show
代码结构图:
开发过程:
1.新建模块:spring-11-transaction
pom.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<parent>
<artifactId>spring-study</artifactId>
<groupId>com.gy</groupId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
</parent>
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<artifactId>spring-11-transaction</artifactId>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>junit</groupId>
<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
<version>4.13.2</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>mysql</groupId>
<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
<version>5.1.47</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.mybatis</groupId>
<artifactId>mybatis</artifactId>
<version>3.5.2</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
<version>5.1.9.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<!--spring操作数据库的话,还需要一个spring-jdbc-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-jdbc</artifactId>
<version>5.1.9.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.aspectj</groupId>
<artifactId>aspectjweaver</artifactId>
<version>1.8.13</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.mybatis</groupId>
<artifactId>mybatis-spring</artifactId>
<version>2.0.2</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
<artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
<version>1.16.10</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<build>
<resources>
<resource>
<!--解决mapper.xml找不到问题-->
<directory>src/main/java</directory>
<includes>
<include>**/*.xml</include>
</includes>
<filtering>true</filtering>
</resource>
</resources>
</build>
</project>
2.新建pojo包及类
@Data
@AllArgsConstructor
@NoArgsConstructor
public class User {
private int id;
private String name;
private String pwd;
}
3.新建mapper包及类
UserMapper.java
public interface UserMapper {
List<User> selectUser();
//添加一个用户
int addUser(User user);
//删除一个用户
int deleteUser(int id);
}
UserMapper.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE mapper
PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Config 3.0//EN"
"http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">
<mapper namespace="com.gongyi.mapper.UserMapper">
<select id="selectUser" resultType="user">
select * from mybatis.user;
</select>
<insert id="addUser" parameterType="user">
insert into mybatis.user(id, name, pwd) values (#{id},#{name},#{pwd});
</insert>
<delete id="deleteUser" parameterType="int">
delete from mybatis.user where id = #{id}
</delete>
</mapper>
UserMapperImpl.java
public class UserMapperImpl extends SqlSessionDaoSupport implements UserMapper {
@Override
public List<User> selectUser() {
User user = new User(5, "小强", "202201222015");
UserMapper mapper = getSqlSession().getMapper(UserMapper.class);
mapper.addUser(user);
mapper.deleteUser(4);//模拟异常:sql中的delete写成deletes
return mapper.selectUser();
}
@Override
public int addUser(User user) {
return getSqlSession().getMapper(UserMapper.class).addUser(user);
}
@Override
public int deleteUser(int id) {
return getSqlSession().getMapper(UserMapper.class).deleteUser(id);
}
}
4.新建配置文件
mybatis-config.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE configuration
PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Config 3.0//EN"
"http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-config.dtd">
<configuration>
<typeAliases>
<package name="com.gongyi.pojo"/>
</typeAliases>
</configuration>
spring-dao.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
https://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop https://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop.xsd">
<!--DataSource:使用Spring的数据源替换mybatis的配置,c3p0,dbcp,druid
我们这里使用Spring提供的JDBC:org.springframework.jdbc.datasource-->
<bean id="dataSource" class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DriverManagerDataSource">
<property name="driverClassName" value="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver"/>
<property name="url"
value="jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/mybatis?useSSL=true&useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=UTF-8"/>
<property name="username" value="root"/>
<property name="password" value="123456"/>
</bean>
<!--sqlSessionFactory-->
<bean id="sqlSessionFactory" class="org.mybatis.spring.SqlSessionFactoryBean">
<property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"/>
<!--绑定mybatis配置文件-->
<property name="configLocation" value="classpath:mybatis-config.xml"/>
<property name="mapperLocations" value="classpath:com/gongyi/mapper/*.xml"/>
</bean>
<!--sqlSessionTemplate:就是我们使用的SqlSession-->
<bean id="sqlSession" class="org.mybatis.spring.SqlSessionTemplate">
<!--只能使用构造器注入sqlSessionFactory,因为它没有set方法-->
<constructor-arg index="0" ref="sqlSessionFactory"/>
</bean>
<!--配置声明式事务-->
<bean id="transactionManager" class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DataSourceTransactionManager">
<property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"/>
</bean>
<!--结合aop实现事务的织入-->
<!--配置事务通知-->
<tx:advice id="txAdvice" transaction-manager="transactionManager">
<!--给哪些方法配置事务-->
<!-- 配置事务的传播特性:new propagation=-->
<tx:attributes>
<tx:method name="add" propagation="REQUIRED"/>
<tx:method name="delete" propagation="REQUIRED"/>
<tx:method name="update" propagation="REQUIRED"/>
<tx:method name="query" read-only="true"/>
<tx:method name="*" propagation="REQUIRED"/>
</tx:attributes>
</tx:advice>
<!--配置事务织入-->
<aop:config>
<aop:pointcut id="txPointCut" expression="execution(* com.gongyi.mapper.*.*(..))"/>
<aop:advisor advice-ref="txAdvice" pointcut-ref="txPointCut"/>
</aop:config>
</beans>
applicationContext.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
https://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">
<import resource="spring-dao.xml"/>
<bean id="userMapper" class="com.gongyi.mapper.UserMapperImpl">
<property name="sqlSessionFactory" ref="sqlSessionFactory"/>
</bean>
</beans>
5.测试
public class MyTest {
public static void main(String[] args) {
ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
UserMapper userMapper = context.getBean("userMapper", UserMapper.class);
for (User user : userMapper.selectUser()) {
System.out.println(user);
}
}
}
/*
* 问题记录:
* 1. 通配符的匹配很全面, 但无法找到元素 'tx:advice' 的声明
* spring-dao.xml头部文件添加:
* http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx
https://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-tx.xsd">
* 出现新问题:
* org.xml.sax.SAXParseException; lineNumber: 39; columnNumber: 71; schema_reference.4: 无法读取方案文档 'https://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-tx.xsd', 原因为 1) 无法找到文档; 2) 无法读取文档; 3) 文档的根元素不是 <xsd:schema>。
* 发现:https://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-tx.xsd
* 404
* 解决:
* https://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-tx.xsd
* 变为:
* https://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx.xsd 即可
*
* 还是不行的话,把相关配置注释掉,然后输入tx:advice,alt+enter让idea自动导入,就好了
*
* */