spring bean相关知识

再谈生命周期之前有一点需要先明确：

Spring 只帮我们管理单例模式 Bean 的完整生命周期，对于 prototype 的 bean ，Spring 在创建好交给使用者之后则不会再管理后续的生命周期。

注解方式
在 bean 初始化时会经历几个阶段，首先可以使用注解 @PostConstruct, @PreDestroy 来在 bean 的创建和销毁阶段进行调用:

@Component 
public class AnnotationBean { 
	private final static Logger LOGGER = LoggerFactory.getLogger(AnnotationBean.class); 
	@PostConstruct 
	public void start(){ 
		LOGGER.info("AnnotationBean start"); 
	} 
	@PreDestroy 
	public void destroy(){ 
		LOGGER.info("AnnotationBean destroy"); 
	} 
}

InitializingBean, DisposableBean 接口

还可以实现 InitializingBean,DisposableBean 这两个接口，也是在初始化以及销毁阶段调用：

@Service 
public class SpringLifeCycleService implements InitializingBean,DisposableBean{ 
	private final static Logger LOGGER = LoggerFactory.getLogger(SpringLifeCycleService.class); 
	@Override 
	public void afterPropertiesSet() throws Exception {
 		LOGGER.info("SpringLifeCycleService start"); 
	} 
	@Override 
	public void destroy() throws Exception {
 		LOGGER.info("SpringLifeCycleService destroy"); 
	} 
}

自定义初始化和销毁方法
也可以自定义方法用于在初始化、销毁阶段调用:

@Configuration 
public class LifeCycleConfig { 
	@Bean(initMethod = "start", destroyMethod = "destroy") 
	public SpringLifeCycle create(){ 
		SpringLifeCycle springLifeCycle = new SpringLifeCycle() ; 
		return springLifeCycle ; 
	} 
}


public class SpringLifeCycle{ 
	private final static Logger LOGGER = LoggerFactory.getLogger(SpringLifeCycle.class); 
	public void start(){ 
		LOGGER.info("SpringLifeCycle start"); 
	} 
	public void destroy(){ 
		LOGGER.info("SpringLifeCycle destroy"); 
	} 
}

以上是在 SpringBoot 中可以这样配置，如果是原始的基于 XML 也是可以使用:

<bean class="com.crossoverjie.spring.SpringLifeCycle" init-method="start" destroy-method="destroy"> 
</bean>

来达到同样的效果。

实现 *Aware 接口

*Aware 接口可以用于在初始化 bean 时获得 Spring 中的一些对象，如获取 Spring 上下文等。

@Component 
public class SpringLifeCycleAware implements ApplicationContextAware { 
	private final static Logger LOGGER = LoggerFactory.getLogger(SpringLifeCycleAware.class);
 	private ApplicationContext applicationContext ; 
	@Override 
	public void setApplicationContext(ApplicationContext applicationContext) throws BeansException { 
         this.applicationContext = applicationContext ; 	
	 LOGGER.info("SpringLifeCycleAware start"); 
	}
}

这样在 springLifeCycleAware 这个 bean 初始化会就会调用 setApplicationContext 方法，并可以获得 applicationContext 对象。

BeanPostProcessor 增强处理器
实现 BeanPostProcessor 接口，Spring 中所有 bean 在做初始化时都会调用该接口中的两个方法，可以用于对一些特殊的 bean 进行处理：

@Component 
public class SpringLifeCycleProcessor implements BeanPostProcessor { 
	private final static Logger LOGGER = LoggerFactory.getLogger(SpringLifeCycleProcessor.class); 
/** 
* 预初始化 初始化之前调用 
* @param bean 
* @param beanName 
* @return 
* @throws BeansException 
*/
@Override 
public Object postProcessBeforeInitialization(Object bean, String beanName) throws BeansException { 
	if ("annotationBean".equals(beanName)){ 
		LOGGER.info("SpringLifeCycleProcessor start beanName={}",beanName); } 
		return bean; 
	} 
/** 
* 后初始化 bean 初始化完成调用 
* @param bean 
* @param beanName 
* @return 
* @throws BeansException 
*/@
Override 
public Object postProcessAfterInitialization(Object bean, String beanName) throws BeansException { 
	if ("annotationBean".equals(beanName)){ 	
		LOGGER.info("SpringLifeCycleProcessor end beanName={}",beanName); 
        } 
		return bean; 
} 
}

执行之后观察结果：

018-03-21 00:40:24.856 [restartedMain] INFO  c.c.s.p.SpringLifeCycleProcessor - SpringLifeCycleProcessor start beanName=annotationBean
2018-03-21 00:40:24.860 [restartedMain] INFO  c.c.spring.annotation.AnnotationBean - AnnotationBean start
2018-03-21 00:40:24.861 [restartedMain] INFO  c.c.s.p.SpringLifeCycleProcessor - SpringLifeCycleProcessor end beanName=annotationBean
2018-03-21 00:40:24.864 [restartedMain] INFO  c.c.s.aware.SpringLifeCycleAware - SpringLifeCycleAware start
2018-03-21 00:40:24.867 [restartedMain] INFO  c.c.s.service.SpringLifeCycleService - SpringLifeCycleService start
2018-03-21 00:40:24.887 [restartedMain] INFO  c.c.spring.SpringLifeCycle - SpringLifeCycle start
2018-03-21 00:40:25.062 [restartedMain] INFO  o.s.b.d.a.OptionalLiveReloadServer - LiveReload server is running on port 35729
2018-03-21 00:40:25.122 [restartedMain] INFO  o.s.j.e.a.AnnotationMBeanExporter - Registering beans for JMX exposure on startup
2018-03-21 00:40:25.140 [restartedMain] INFO  com.crossoverjie.Application - Started Application in 2.309 seconds (JVM running for 3.681)
2018-03-21 00:40:25.143 [restartedMain] INFO  com.crossoverjie.Application - start ok!
2018-03-21 00:40:25.153 [Thread-8] INFO  o.s.c.a.AnnotationConfigApplicationContext - Closing org.springframework.context.annotation.AnnotationConfigApplicationContext@3913adad: startup date [Wed Mar 21 00:40:23 CST 2018]; root of context hierarchy
2018-03-21 00:40:25.155 [Thread-8] INFO  o.s.j.e.a.AnnotationMBeanExporter - Unregistering JMX-exposed beans on shutdown
2018-03-21 00:40:25.156 [Thread-8] INFO  c.c.spring.SpringLifeCycle - SpringLifeCycle destroy
2018-03-21 00:40:25.156 [Thread-8] INFO  c.c.s.service.SpringLifeCycleService - SpringLifeCycleService destroy
2018-03-21 00:40:25.156 [Thread-8] INFO  c.c.spring.annotation.AnnotationBean - AnnotationBean destroy

直到 Spring 上下文销毁时则会调用自定义的销毁方法以及实现了 DisposableBean 的 destroy() 方法。

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