《C++ Primer Plus》(第6版)第10章编程练习

《C++ Primer Plus》(第6版)第10章编程练习

1. 银行账户

定义一个类来表示银行账户。数据成员包括储户姓名、账号(使用字符串)和存款。成员函数执行如下操作:

  • 创建一个对象并将其初始化
  • 显示储户姓名、账号和存款
  • 存入参数指定的存款
  • 取出参数指定的款项

代码:

bankAccount.h:

#ifndef BANKACCOUNT_H
#define BANKACCOUNT_H
#include <string>
using namespace std;

class BankAccount
{
private:
    string name;
    string account;
    double money;

public:
    BankAccount();
    BankAccount(const string &n, const string &a, double m = 0.0);
    void show() const;
    void deposit(double cash);
    void withdraw(double cash);
};
#endif

bankAccount.cpp:

#include "bankAccount.h"
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

BankAccount::BankAccount()
{
    name = "None";
    account = "None";
    money = 0.0;
}

BankAccount::BankAccount(const string &n, const string &a, double m)
{
    name = n;
    account = a;
    money = m;
}

void BankAccount::show() const
{
    cout << "Account Name:" << name << endl;
    cout << "Account Number:" << account << endl;
    cout << "Account Money:" << money << endl;
}

void BankAccount::deposit(double cash)
{
    if (cash < 0)
    {
        cout << "Error!Please enter a positive number.\n";
        return;
    }
    money += cash;
}

void BankAccount::withdraw(double cash)
{
    if (money < cash)
    {
        cout << "Insufficient balance.\n";
        return;
    }
    money -= cash;
}

main.cpp:

#include "bankAccount.h"
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
    BankAccount ba1;
    BankAccount ba2("Frank", "China Bank", 2000.0);

    ba1.show();
    ba1.deposit(1000.0);
    ba1.show();
    ba1.withdraw(500.0);
    ba1.show();
    ba2.show();
    
    system("pause");
    return 0;
}

运行结果:

在这里插入图片描述

2. Person类

下面是一个非常简单的类定义:

class Person
{
private:
    static const int LIMIT = 25;
    string lname;                     // Person’s last name
    char fname[LIMIT];            // Person’s first name
public:
    Person() {lname = ""; fname[0] = '\0';};                   // #1
    Person(const string & ln, const char * fn = "Heyyou");      // #2
    // the following methods display lname and fname
    void Show() const;        // firstname lastname format
    void FormalShow() const;  // lastname, firstname format
};

它使用了一个string对象和一个字符数组,让您能够比较它们的用法。请提供未定义的方法的代码,以完成这个类的实现。

再编写一个使用这个类的程序,它使用了三种可能的构造函数的调用(没有参数、一个参数和两个参数)以及两种显示方法。

下面是一个使用这些构造函数和方法的例子:

Person one;                        // use default constructor
Person two("Smythecraft");         // use #2 with one default argument
Person three("Dimwiddy", "Sam");   // use #2, no defaults one.Show();
cout << endl;
one.FormalShow();
// etc. for two and three

代码:

person.h:

#ifndef PERSON_H
#define PERSON_H
#include <iostream>
#include <cstring>
using namespace std;

class Person
{
private:
    static const int LIMIT = 25;
    string lname;
    char fname[LIMIT];

public:
    Person()
    {
        lname = "";
        fname[0] = '\0';
    };
    Person(const string &ln, const char *fn = "Heyyou");
    void Show() const;
    void FormalShow() const;
};
#endif

person.cpp:

#include "person.h"
#include <iostream>
#include <cstring>
using namespace std;

Person::Person(const string &ln, const char *fn)
{
    lname = ln;
    strcpy_s(fname, LIMIT, fn);
}

void Person::Show() const
{
    cout << fname << "  " << lname << endl;
}

void Person::FormalShow() const
{
    cout << lname << " , " << fname << endl;
}

main.cpp:

#include "person.h"
#include <iostream>

int main(void)
{
    Person one;
    Person two("Smythecraft");
    Person three("Dimwiddy", "Sam");

    one.Show();
    cout << endl;
    one.FormalShow();
    two.Show();
    cout << endl;
    two.FormalShow();
    three.Show();
    cout << endl;
    three.FormalShow();

    system("pause");
    return 0;
}

运行结果:

在这里插入图片描述

3. golf类

完成第9章的编程练习1,但要用正确的golf类声明替换那里的代码。用带合适参数的构造函数替换setgolf(golf&, const char*, int),以提供初始值。保留setgolf()的交互版本,但要用构造函数来实现它(例如,setgolf()的代码应该获得数据,将数据传递给构造函数来创建一个临时对象,并将其赋给调用对象,即*this)。

代码:

golf.h:

#ifndef GOLF_H
#define GOLF_H

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

class Golf
{
private:
    static const int Len = 40;
    char fullname[Len];
    int handicap;

public:
    Golf();
    Golf(const char *fl, const int h = 0);
    void setHandicap(const int hc);
    void showgolf() const;
};
#endif

golf.cpp:

#include "golf.h"
#include <iostream>
#include <cstring>
using namespace std;

Golf::Golf()
{
    char fn[Len];
    int h;
    cout << "Please enter the full name of player: ";
    cin.getline(fn, Len);
    cout << "Please enter the handicap of player: ";
    cin >> h;
    cin.get();
    *this = Golf(fn, h);
}

Golf::Golf(const char *fl, const int h)
{
    strcpy_s(fullname, Len, fl);
    handicap = h;
}

void Golf::setHandicap(const int hc)
{
    handicap = hc;
}

void Golf::showgolf() const
{
    cout << "Information:\n";
    cout << "Full name: " << fullname << endl;
    cout << "Handicap: " << handicap << endl;
}

main.cpp:

#include "golf.h"
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

int main()
{
    Golf ann("Ann Birdfree", 24);
    ann.showgolf();

    Golf andy;
    andy.showgolf();
    andy.setHandicap(40);
    andy.showgolf();

    system("pause");
    return 0;
}

运行结果:

在这里插入图片描述

4. Sales类

代码:

sales.h:

#ifndef SALES_H
#define SALES_H

namespace SALES
{
    class Sales
    {
    private:
        static const int QUARTERS = 4;
        double sales[QUARTERS];
        double average;
        double max;
        double min;

    public:
        Sales();
        Sales(const double ar[], const int n);
        void showSales() const;
    };
}

#endif

sales.cpp:

#include "sales.h"
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
namespace SALES
{
    Sales::Sales(const double ar[], const int n) // 非交互式版本
    {
        if (n < 4)
        {
            for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
                sales[i] = ar[i];
            for (int j = n; j < 4; j++)
                sales[j] = 0;
        }
        else
        {
            for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++)
                sales[i] = ar[i];
        }
        average = (sales[0] + sales[1] + sales[2] + sales[3]) / 4;

        double t_max = 0.0;
        double t_min = 1000000;
        for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++)
        {
            if (sales[i] > t_max)
                t_max = sales[i];
            if (sales[i] < t_min)
                t_min = sales[i];
        }
        max = t_max;
        min = t_min;
    }

    Sales::Sales() // 交互式版本
    {
        cout << "Enter sales:\n";
        for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++)
        {
            cout << "The #" << i + 1 << " quarter is: ";
            cin >> sales[i];
        }
        average = (sales[0] + sales[1] + sales[2] + sales[3]) / 4;

        double t_max = 0.0;
        double t_min = 1000000;
        for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++)
        {
            if (sales[i] > t_max)
                t_max = sales[i];
            if (sales[i] < t_min)
                t_min = sales[i];
        }
        max = t_max;
        min = t_min;
    }

    void Sales::showSales() const
    {
        cout << "The sales of 4 quarters are $" << sales[0] << ", $" << sales[1] << ", $" << sales[2] << ", $" << sales[3] << endl;
        cout << "Average:" << average << endl;
        cout << "Max:" << max << endl;
        cout << "Min:" << min << endl;
    }
}

main.cpp:

#include "sales.h"
#include <iostream>
using namespace SALES;
using namespace std;

int main()
{

    Sales s1;
    double ar[3] = {10, 20, 30};
    Sales s2(ar, 3);

    cout << "#1:" << endl;
    s1.showSales();
    cout << "--------------------------------------------------" << endl;
    cout << "#2:" << endl;
    s2.showSales();

    system("pause");
    return 0;
}

运行结果:

在这里插入图片描述

5. costom

考虑下面的结构声明:

struct customer{
    char fullname[35];
    double payment;
};

编写一个程序,它从栈中添加和删除customer结构(栈用Stack类声明表示)。每次customer结构被删除时,其payment的值都将被加入到总数中,并报告总数。

注意:应该可以直接使用Stack类而不作修改;只需修改typedef声明,使Item的类型为customer,而不是unsigned long即可。

代码:

stack.h:

#ifndef STACK10_H_
#define STACK10_H_
#include <iostream>
struct customer 
{
    char fullname[35];
    double payment;
};
typedef customer Item;
class Stack
{
private:
    enum{MAX = 10};
    Item items[MAX];
    int top;
public:
    Stack();
    bool isempty() const;
    bool isfull() const;
    bool push(const Item& item);
    bool pop(Item& item);
};
#endif // !STACK_H_
 

stack.cpp:

#include "stack10.h"
Stack::Stack()
{
	top = 0;
}
bool Stack::isempty() const
{
	return top == 0;
}
bool Stack::isfull() const
{
	return top == MAX;
}
 
bool Stack::push(const Item& item)
{
	if (top < MAX)
	{
		items[top++] = item;
		return true;
	}
	else
		return false;
}
 
bool Stack::pop(Item& item)
{
	if (top > 0)
	{
		item = items[--top];
		return true;
	}
	else
		return false;
}

main.cpp:

#include "stack.h"
#include <iostream>
#include <cctype>
using namespace std;

int main()
{
    Stack st;
    char ch;
    customer po;
    double total_payment = 0.0;

    cout << "Please enter A to add a purchase order,\n";
    cout << "P to process a PO, or Q to quit.\n";
    while (cin >> ch && toupper(ch) != 'Q')
    {
        while (cin.get() != '\n')
            continue;
        if (!isalpha(ch))
        {
            cout << "\a";
            continue;
        }
        switch (ch)
        {
        case 'A':
        case 'a':
            cout << "Enter the name of customer: ";
            cin.getline(po.fullname, 30);
            cout << "Enter the payment: ";
            cin >> po.payment;
            cin.get();
            if (st.isfull())
                cout << "Stack already full.\n";
            else
                st.push(po);
            break;

        case 'P':
        case 'p':
            if (st.isempty())
                cout << "stack already empty.\n";
            else
            {
                total_payment += po.payment;
                st.pop(po);
                cout << "PO {" << po.fullname << ", " << po.payment << "} popped.\n";
            }
            break;
        }
        cout << "Please enter A to add a purchase order,\n";
        cout << "P to Process a PO, or Q to quit.\n";
    }
    cout << "Bye!\n";

    system("pause");
    return 0;
}

运行结果:

在这里插入图片描述

6. Move类

下面是一个类声明:

class Move
{
private:
    double x;
    double y;
public:
    Move(double a = 0, double b = 0);       // sets x, y to a, b
    showmove() const;                       // shows current x,y values
    Move add(const Move & m) const;
// this function adds x of m to x of invoking object to get new x,
// adds y of m to y of invoking object to get new y, creates a new
// move object initialized to new x, y values and returns it
//此函数将m的x加到调用对象的x以获取新的x,将m的y添加到调用对象的y中以获得新的y,
//创建一个新的对象,并将对象初始化为新的x,y值并返回它
    reset(double a = 0, double b = 0);      // resets x,y to a, b
};

请提供成员函数的定义和测试这个类的程序。

代码:

move.h:

#ifndef MOVE_H
#define MOVE_H

class Move
{
private:
    double x;
    double y;

public:
    Move(double a = 0, double b = 0);
    void showmove() const;
    Move add(const Move &m) const;
    void reset(double a = 0, double b = 0);
};

#endif

move.cpp:

#include "move.h"
#include <iostream>

Move::Move(double a, double b)
{
    x = a;
    y = b;
}

void Move::showmove() const
{
    using std::cout;
    using std::endl;
    cout << "x:" << x << endl;
    cout << "y:" << y << endl;
}

Move Move::add(const Move &m) const
{
    return Move(x + m.x, y + m.y);
}

void Move::reset(double a, double b)
{
    x = a;
    y = b;
}

main.cpp:

#include "move.h"
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

int main()
{
    Move a(1, 1);
    Move b(2.3, 3.4);
    a.showmove();
    b.showmove();
    Move c = a.add(b);
    c.showmove();

    system("pause");
    return 0;
}

运行结果:

在这里插入图片描述

7. Plorg类

Betelgeusean plorg有这些特征。

数据:

  • plorg的名称不超过19个字符
  • plorg的满意指数(CI),这是一个整数

操作:

  • 新的plorg将有名称,其CI值为50
  • plorg的CI可以修改
  • plorg可以报告其名称和CI

请编写一个Plorg类声明(包括数据成员和成员函数原型)来表示plorg,并编写成员函数的函数定义。然后编写一个小程序,以演示Plorg类的所有特性。

代码:

plorg.h:

#ifndef PLORG_H
#define PLORG_H

#include <iostream>
class Plorg
{
private:
    static const int LEN = 19;
    char name[LEN];
    int ci;

public:
    Plorg();
    Plorg(const char *str,const int c_i=50);
    void setCI(const int c_i);
    void show()const;

};
#endif

plorg.cpp:

#include "plorg.h"
#include <iostream>
#include <cstring>

Plorg::Plorg()
{
    strcpy_s(name, LEN, "Plorga");
    ci = 0;
}

Plorg::Plorg(const char *str, const int c_i)
{
    strcpy_s(name, LEN, str);
    ci = c_i;
}

void Plorg::setCI(const int c_i)
{
    ci = c_i;
}

void Plorg::show() const
{
    using std::cout;
    using std::endl;
    cout << "Name:" << name << endl;
    cout << "CI:" << ci << endl;
}

main.cpp:

#include "plorg.h"
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

int main()
{
    Plorg p1;
    p1.show();
    p1.setCI(100);
    p1.show();
    Plorg p2("Amazon", 10);
    p2.show();
    
    system("pause");
    return 0;
}

运行结果:

8. List类

可以将简单列表描述成下面这样:

  • 可存储0或多个某种类型的列表;
  • 可创建空列表;
  • 可在列表中添加数据项;
  • 可确定列表是否为空;
  • 可确定列表是否为满;
  • 可访问列表中的每一个数据项,并对它执行某种操作。

可以看到,这个列表确实很简单,例如,它不允许插入或删除数据项。

请设计一个List类来表示这种抽象类型。您应提供头文件list.h和实现文件list.cpp,前者包含类定义,后者包含类方法的实现。您还应该创建一个简短的程序来使用这个类。
该列表的规范很简单,这个主要旨在简化这个编程练习。可以选择使用数组或链表来实现该列表,但公有接口不应依赖于所做的选择。也就是说,公有接口不应有数组索引、节点指针等。应使用通用概念来表达创建列表、在列表中添加数据项等操作。对于访问数据项以及执行操作,通常应使用将函数指针作为参数的函数来处理:

 void visit(void (*pf)(Item &));

其中,pf指向一个将Item引用作为参数的函数(而不是成员函数),Item是列表中数据项的类型。visit()函数将该函数用于列表中的每个数据项。

代码:

list.h:

#ifndef LIST_H
#define LIST_H

#include <iostream>
#include <cstring>
using namespace std;

struct customer
{
    string name;
    double consumption;
};
typedef customer Item;
class List
{
private:
    static const int LEN = 20;
    Item items[LEN];
    int top = 0;

public:
    List();
    bool isEmpty() const;
    bool isFull() const;
    bool add(const Item &item);
    void visit(void (*pf)(Item &item));
    void show() const;
};
void total(Item &item); // 计算总营业额(列表中所有顾客消费额相加)
#endif

list.cpp:

#include "list.h"
#include <iostream>
#include <cstring>
using namespace std;

double sum = 0.0;

List::List()
{
    top = 0;
}

bool List::isEmpty() const
{
    return top == 0;
}

bool List::isFull() const
{
    return top == Len;
}

bool List::add(const Item &item)
{
    if (top < Len)
    {
        items[top++] = item;
        return true;
    }
    else
        return false;
}

void List::show() const
{
    for (int i = 0; i < top; i++)
    {
        cout << "#" << i + 1 << ":" << endl;
        cout << "Name: " << items[i].name << endl;
        cout << "Consumption: " << items[i].consumption << endl;
    }
}

void List::visit(void (*pf)(Item &item))
{
    for (int i = 0; i < top; i++)
    {
        pf(items[i]);
    }
}

void total(Item &item)
{
    sum += item.consumption;
}

main.cpp:

#include "list.h"
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

extern double sum;

int main()
{
    List st;
    char ch;
    customer po;

    cout << "Please enter A to add a purchase order, V to calculate the turnover, S to show the items, or Q to quit.\n";
    while (cin >> ch && toupper(ch) != 'Q')
    {
        while (cin.get() != '\n')
            continue;
        if (!isalpha(ch))
        {
            cout << "\a";
            continue;
        }
        switch (ch)
        {
        case 'A':
        case 'a':
            cout << "Enter the name of customer: ";
            getline(cin, po.name);
            cout << "Enter the payment: ";
            cin >> po.consumption;
            cin.get();
            if (st.isFull())
                cout << "List already full.\n";
            else
                st.add(po);
            break;
        case 'S':
        case 's':
            st.show();
            break;
        case 'V':
        case 'v':
            if (st.isEmpty())
            {
                cout << "List is empty.\n";
            }
            else
            {
                st.visit(total);
                cout << "sum = " << sum << endl;
            }
        }
        cout << "Please enter A to add a purchase order, V to calculate the turnover, S to show the items, or Q to quit.\n";
    }
    cout << "Bye!\n";

    system("pause");
    return 0;
}

运行结果:

在这里插入图片描述

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