请实现一个函数,把字符串中的每个空格替换成"%20".例如输入"We are happy".
则输出"We%20are%20happy."
则输出"We%20are%20happy."
我们可以先遍历一次字符串,这样就可以统计出字符串中空格的个数,并可以由此计算出替换之后的字符串的总长度。每替换一个空格,长度增加2,因此替换后字符串的长度等于原来的长度加上2乘以空格数目。我们还是以前面的字符串"We are happy."为例,"We are happy"这个字符串的长度是14(包括结尾符号'\0'),里面有两个空格,因此替换之后的字符串长度是18。
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
/* length为字符数组的总容量*/
void ReplaceBlank(char string[],int length)
{
if(string == NULL && length <= 0)
return;
/* originalLength为字符串string的实际长度*/
int originalLength = 0;
int numberOfBlank = 0;
int i = 0;
while(string [i] != '\0')
{
++originalLength;
if(string[i] == ' ')
++numberOfBlank;
++i;
}
/* newLength为把空格替换为'%20'后的长度*/
int newLength = originalLength + 2 * numberOfBlank;
if(newLength > length)
return;
int indexOfOriginal = originalLength;
int indexOfNew = newLength;
while(indexOfOriginal >= 0 && indexOfNew > indexOfOriginal)
{
if(string[indexOfOriginal] == ' ')
{
string[indexOfNew--] = '0';
string[indexOfNew--] = '2';
string[indexOfNew--] = '%';
}
else
string[indexOfNew--] = string[indexOfOriginal];
--indexOfOriginal;
}
}
int main()
{
char str[40] = "We are happy";
cout<<str<<endl;
ReplaceBlank(str,40);
cout<<str<<endl;
}