Synchronized和Lock

Synchronized和Lock

1.Synchronized实现生产者消费者问题

package com.itheima.pc;

import java.util.concurrent.ThreadLocalRandom;

//synchronized
public class PC_demo01 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Data data = new Data();
        new Thread(()->{
            for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
                try {
                    data.increment();
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
        },"A").start();
        new Thread(()->{
            for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
                try {
                    data.decrement();
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
        },"B").start();
    }
}

//定义资源类
//判断等待、业务、通知
class Data{

    private int number=0;

    //+1
    public synchronized void increment() throws InterruptedException {
        if (number!=0){
            this.wait();
        }
        number++;
        this.notifyAll();
        System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"=>"+number);
    }
    //-1
    public synchronized void decrement() throws InterruptedException {
        if (number==0){
            this.wait();
        }
        number--;
        this.notifyAll();
        System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"=>"+number);
    }
}

问题存在：当上述的线程从A、B两个增加到四个A、B、C、D时，会发生虚假唤醒

解决办法：由jdk帮助文档可知，需将if判断修改为while循环，因为while会进行多次判断，从而解决虚假唤醒问题，保证多线程下依旧安全。

package com.itheima.pc;

import java.util.concurrent.ThreadLocalRandom;

//synchronized
public class PC_demo01 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Data data = new Data();
        new Thread(()->{
            for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
                try {
                    data.increment();
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
        },"A").start();
        new Thread(()->{
            for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
                try {
                    data.decrement();
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
        },"B").start();
        new Thread(()->{
            for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
                try {
                    data.increment();
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
        },"C").start();
        new Thread(()->{
            for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
                try {
                    data.decrement();
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
        },"D").start();
    }
}

//定义资源类
//判断等待、业务、通知
class Data{

    private int number=0;

    //+1
    public synchronized void increment() throws InterruptedException {
        while (number!=0){
            this.wait();
        }
        number++;
        this.notifyAll();
        System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"=>"+number);
    }
    //-1
    public synchronized void decrement() throws InterruptedException {
        while (number==0){
            this.wait();
        }
        number--;
        this.notifyAll();
        System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"=>"+number);
    }
}

2.Synchronized和Lock对比

synchronized：

• wait（）
• notifyAll（）

Lock：

Condition condition = lock.newCondition();

• await（）
• signalAll（）

3.Lock实现生产者消费者问题

与Synchronized相比Lock可以通过Condition实现精准通知,使多个线程可以进行有序执行

package com.itheima.pc;


import java.util.concurrent.locks.Condition;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.Lock;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock;

public class PC_Lock {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Data1 data1 = new Data1();
        new Thread(()->{
            for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
                data1.printfA();
            }
        }).start();
        new Thread(()->{
            for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
                data1.printfB();
            }
        }).start();
        new Thread(()->{
            for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
                data1.printfC();
            }
        }).start();

    }
}

//资源类
//判断等待、业务、通知
class Data1{
    private Lock lock=new ReentrantLock();
    
    private Condition condition1 = lock.newCondition();
    private Condition condition2 = lock.newCondition();
    private Condition condition3 = lock.newCondition();
    private int number=1;   //1A 2B 3C

    public void printfA(){
        //加锁
        lock.lock();
        try {
            //判断等待
            if (number!=1){
                //等待
                condition1.await();
            }
            //业务
            number=2;
            System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"=>"+"AAAAAAAA");
            //通知B
            condition2.signal();

        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            //释放锁
            lock.unlock();
        }
    }

    public void printfB(){
        lock.lock();
        try {
            //判断等待
            if (number!=2){
                //等待
                condition2.await();
            }
            //业务
            number=3;
            System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"=>"+"BBBBBBBBB");

            //通知C
            condition3.signal();

        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            lock.unlock();
        }
    }

    public void printfC(){
        lock.lock();
        try {
            //判断等待
            if (number!=3){
                //等待
                condition3.await();
            }
            //业务
            number=1;
            System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"=>"+"CCCCCCCCC");

            //通知
            condition1.signal();
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            lock.unlock();
        }
    }
}