Servlet
Servlet的体系结构
Servlet–接口
|继承|
GenericServlet – 抽象类
|继承|
HttpServlet – 抽象类
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GenericServlet : 将Servlet接口中做了空实现,只保留servlet()方法作为抽象。后续编写Servlet类时可直接继承GenericServlet ,事项servlet()方法。想用哪个复写哪个。
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HttpServlet
原理
* 定义类继承HttpServlet * 复写doGet或者doPost
Servlet相关配置
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urlpatten:Servlet访问路径
一个Servlet可以定义多个资源路径@WebServlet({"/d3","/dd3","/ddd3"})
路径定义规则:
1. /xxx
2. /xxx/xxx多层路径, *代表任意字符优先级最低
3. *.do 这个do是任意扩展名 *为任意名,访问时随意名但是扩展名一定。
HTTP
Hyper Text Transfer Protocol 超文本传输协议
传输协议:客户端与服务端通信的规则,发送数据的格式
特点
- 基于TCP/IP的高级协议
- 默认端口为80
- 基于 请求/响应 模型:一次请求 一次响应
- 无状态的:每次请求之间相互独立,不能交互数据
历史版本
- 1.0:每一次请求建立新连接
- 1.1:复用连接
请求消息数据格式
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请求行:POST /aa/xxxx.html HTTP/1.1
第一、请求方式 第二、资源地址 第三、请求的协议和版本号
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请求头
* 常见的请求头 User-Agent:浏览器告诉服务器,浏览器的版本信息。可在服务端获取版本信息,解决兼容问题 * Referer: 告诉服务器,当前请求从哪里来。放置盗链,统计工作
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请求正文(只有post请求,才有。get请求数据在地址栏)
referer
来判断访问是从哪个地方发起。如腾讯的请求,其他友商的服务器不予回应。
响应消息数据格式
Request
request对象和response对象原理
1. request和response两个对象由服务器创建,我们只使用
2. request是获取请求消息, response是设置响应消息
request获取请求消息
request继承体系结构
ServletRequest – 接口
|继承|
HttpServletRequest – 接口
| 实现|
org.apache.catalina.connector.RequestFacade – 类(tomcat)
request功能
获取请求消息数据
GET /demo/demo1?name=zhangsan HTTP/1.1
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获取请求行数据
1. 获取请求方式GET: String getMethod() 2. (*)获取虚拟目录/demo: String getContextPath(); 3. 获取Servlet路径/demo1: String getServletPath() 4. 获取GET方式请求参数name=zhangsan: String getQueryString() 5. (*) 获取URI:/demo/demo1 String getRequestRUi(); /demo/demo1 StringBuffer getRequestURL(); http://localhost/demo/demo1 6. 获取版本协议HTTP/1.1: String getProrocol(); 7. 获取客户机ip String getRemoteAddr();
URL和URI
* URL统一资源定位符:http://localhost/demo/demo1
* URI统一资源标识符: /demo/demo1
@WebServlet("/demo1")
public class RequestDemo1 extends HttpServlet {
@Override
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
// 1.获取请求方式
String Method = req.getMethod();
System.out.println(Method);
// 2. 获取虚拟目录/demo:
String contextPath = req.getContextPath();
System.out.println(contextPath);
// 3. 获取Servlet路径/demo1:
String servletPath = req.getServletPath();
System.out.println(servletPath);
// 4. 获取GET方式请求参数name=zhangsan:
String queryString = req.getQueryString();
System.out.println(queryString);
// 5. (*) 获取URI:/demo/demo1
String requestURI = req.getRequestURI();
System.out.println(requestURI);
StringBuffer requestURL = req.getRequestURL();
System.out.println(requestURL);
// 6. 获取版本协议HTTP/1.1:
String protocol = req.getProtocol();
System.out.println(protocol);
// 7. 获取客户机ip
String remoteAddr = req.getRemoteAddr();
System.out.println(remoteAddr);
}
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获取请求头数据
1. (*)String getHeader(String name):通过请求头的名称获取请求头的值 2. getHeadereNames():获取所有请求头名称
//通过请求头的名称获取请求头的值
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
// 获取referer
response.setContentType("text/html;charset=UTF-8");
String referer = request.getHeader("referer");
// 判断浏览器版本
if(referer != null){
if(referer.contains("/demo03")){
//正常访问
//System.out.println("正常访问");
//在页面输出
response.getWriter().write("正常访问");
}else{
//盗链
//System.out.println("不给播放");
response.getWriter().write("不给播放");
}
}
}
//获取所有请求头名称
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
// 获取所有请求头
Enumeration<String> headerNames = request.getHeaderNames();
while(headerNames.hasMoreElements()){
String name = headerNames.nextElement();
// 根据名称获取请求头
String value = request.getHeader(name);
System.out.println(name +"--"+ value);
}
}
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获取请求体数据(只有POST方法有 ,在请求体中封装了POST的请求参数)
步骤 1. 获取刘对象 * BufferedReader getReader() 获取字符输入流,只能操作字符数据 * ServletInputStream getInputStream() 获取二进制输入流,可以操作所有数据流 * 参考文件上传知识 2. 在从流对象中拿数据
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
//请求消息体
//1.获取字符流
BufferedReader br = request.getReader();
//2. 读取数据
String line = null;
while((line = br.readLine()) != null){
System.out.println(line);
}
}
4. 其他功能:
1. (*)获取请求参数通用方式(get,post都可以用)
* (常用)String getParameter(String name):根据参数名称获取参数值
* String[] getParameterValues(String name):根据参数名称获取参数值的数组
* Enumeration<String> getParameterNames():获取所有请求参数名称
*(常用) Map<String,String[]> getParameterMap():获取所有参数的Map集合
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
//post请求参数
// 根据参数名称获取参数值
String username = request.getParameter("username");
System.out.println("Post");
System.out.println(username);
}
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
// get请求参数
// String username = request.getParameter("username");
// System.out.println("Get");
// System.out.println(username);
// 因为doGet和doPOST相同所以这样写。就可以
this.doPost(request,response);
}
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
//post请求参数
// 根据参数名称获取参数值
String username = request.getParameter("username");
/*System.out.println("Post");
System.out.println(username);*/
// 根据参数名称获取参数值的数组
String[] hb = request.getParameterValues("hobby");
for (String s : hb) {
System.out.println(s);
}
// 获取所有请求参数名称
Enumeration<String> parameterNames = request.getParameterNames();
while(parameterNames.hasMoreElements()){
String name = parameterNames.nextElement();
System.out.println(name);
String valus = request.getParameter(name);
System.out.println(valus);
System.out.println("-----------------");
}
hobby勾选两个只显示一个,因为获取的返回值时字符串不是数组。
Map<String, String[]> parameterMap = request.getParameterMap();
// 遍历
Set<String> keyset = parameterMap.keySet();
for (String name : keyset) {
// 根据name(键)获取值
String[] values = parameterMap.get(name);
System.out.println(name);
for (String value : values) {
System.out.println(value);
}
System.out.println("------------------");
}
中文乱码
get方式:tomcat8已经将get方式中文乱码解决
Post方式:会乱码,中文数据会乱,解决:
在获取参数前设置获取流编码:
request.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
// 设置流编码
request.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");
String username = request.getParameter("username");
System.out.println(username);
}
2. (*)请求转发(一种在服务器内的资源跳转方式)
1. 步骤
1. 通过request对象获取请求转发器对象:RequestDispatcher getRequestDispatcher(String path)
2. 通过RequestDispatcher对象来进行转发
2. (重要)特点:
1. 浏览器地址栏路径不变。
2. 只能转发到当前服务器内部资源中
3. 转发是1次请求
public class RequestDemo8 extends HttpServlet {
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
System.out.println("demo8888被访问");
request.getRequestDispatcher("/demo9").forward(request,response);
}
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
this.doPost(request,response);
}
}
public class RequestDemo9 extends HttpServlet {
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
System.out.println("demo9999被访问");
}
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
this.doPost(request,response);
}
3. (*)共享数据
* 域对象:一个有作用范围的对象,在范围内共享数据
* request域:代表一次请求的范围,一般用于请求转发的多个资源中共享数据
* 方法:
1. void setAttribute(String name, Object obj):存储数据
2. Object getAttribute(String name):通过键获取值
3. void removeAttribute(String name):通过键移除键值对
public class RequestDemo8 extends HttpServlet {
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
// 转发资源到demo9
// 存储数据到request域
System.out.println("demo8888被访问");
request.setAttribute("msg","hello");
request.getRequestDispatcher("/demo9").forward(request,response);
}
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
this.doPost(request,response);
}
}
public class RequestDemo9 extends HttpServlet {
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
// 获取数据
Object msg = request.getAttribute("msg");
System.out.println(msg);
System.out.println("demo9999被访问");
}
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
this.doPost(request,response);
}
}
注意:一次请求(转发),才可用request域
4. (*)获取ServletContext
* ServletContext getServletContext();
public class RequestDemo10 extends HttpServlet {
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
ServletContext servletContext = request.getServletContext();
System.out.println(servletContext);
}
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
this.doPost(request,response);
}
}
案例:用户登录
用户登录案例需求:
1.编写login.html登录页面
username & password 两个输入框
2.使用Druid数据库连接池技术,操作mysql,day14数据库中user表
3.使用JdbcTemplate技术封装JDBC
4.登录成功跳转到SuccessServlet展示:登录成功!用户名,欢 迎您
5.登录失败跳转到FailServlet展示:登录失败,用户名或密码错误
分析
开发步骤
- 创建项目,导入文件
- 创建数据库环境
create database javaweb;
use javaweb;
create table user(
id int primary key auto_increment,
username varchar(32) unique not null,
password varchar(32) not null
);
- 创建包cn.zcx.domain,创建user类
package cn.zcx.domain;
// 用户的实体类javaBin
public class User {
private int id;
private String username;
private String password;
public int getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(int id) {
this.id = id;
}
public String getUsername() {
return username;
}
public void setUsername(String username) {
this.username = username;
}
public String getPassword() {
return password;
}
public void setPassword(String password) {
this.password = password;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "User{" +
"id=" + id +
", username='" + username + '\'' +
", password='" + password + '\'' +
'}';
}
}
- 创建包cn.itcast.util,编写工具类JDBCUtils
public class JDBCUtils {
private static DataSource ds;
static {
try {
//1.加载配置文件
Properties pro = new Properties();
// 使用ClassLoader加载配置文件,获取字节输入流
InputStream is = JDBCUtils.class.getClassLoader().getResourceAsStream("druid.properties");
pro.load(is);
//2.初始化连接池对象
ds = DruidDataSourceFactory.createDataSource(pro);
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
/**
* 获取连接池对象
*/
public static DataSource getDataSource(){
return ds;
}
/**
* 获取Connection对象
*/
public static Connection getConnection() throws SQLException{
return ds.getConnection();
}
}
- 创建包cn.zcx.dao,创建userDao类,提供login方法
public class UserDao {
//声明JDBCTemplate对象共用
private JdbcTemplate template = new JdbcTemplate(JDBCUtils.getDataSource());
/**
* 登录方法
* @param loginUser 只有用户名和密码
* @return 包含用户全部数据,如果没有查询到返回Null值
*/
public User login(User loginUser){
try {
//1. 编写sql
String sql = "select * from user where username = ? and password = ?";
//2. 调用query方法
User user = template.queryForObject(sql,
new BeanPropertyRowMapper<User>(User.class),
loginUser.getUsername(), loginUser.getPassword());
return user;
} catch (DataAccessException e) {
return null;
}
}
}
- 编写cn.itcast.web.servlet.LoginServlet类
@WebServlet("/loginServlet")
public class LoginServlet extends HttpServlet {
@Override
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
// 1. 设置编码
req.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
// 2. 获取请求参数
String username = req.getParameter("username");
String password = req.getParameter("password");
// 3. 封装对象
User loginUser = new User();
loginUser.setUsername(username);
loginUser.setPassword(password);
// 4. 调用UserDao的login方法
UserDao dao = new UserDao();
User user = dao.login(loginUser);
if(user == null){
// 登录失败
req.getRequestDispatcher("/failServlet").forward(req,resp);
}else{
// 登陆成功
// 存储数据
req.setAttribute("user",user.getUsername());
req.getRequestDispatcher("/successServlet").forward(req,resp);
}
}
@Override
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
this.doGet(req,resp);
}
}
-
编写FailServlet和SuccessServlet类
FailServlet:
@WebServlet("/failServlet")
public class FailServlet extends HttpServlet {
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
//给页面写一句话
//设置网页编码
response.setContentType("text/html;charset=utf-8");
//输出
response.getWriter().write("登录失败,用户名或密码错误");
}
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
this.doPost(request, response);
}
}
SuccessServlet:
@WebServlet("/successServlet")
public class SuccessServlet extends HttpServlet {
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
// 获取request域中共享的User对象
Object user = request.getAttribute("user");
if(user != null){
//给页面写一句话
//设置网页编码
response.setContentType("text/html;charset=utf-8");
//输出
response.getWriter().write("登录成功!"+user+"欢迎您!");
};
}
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
this.doPost(request, response);
}
}
-
login.html中form表单的action路径的写法
* 虚拟目录+Servlet的资源路径
-
BeanUtils工具类,简化数据封装
* BeanUtils工具类用于封装JavaBean的 1. JavaBean:标准的java类 1. 要求 1. 类必须被public修饰 2. 必须提供空参的构造器 3. 成员变量必须使用private修饰 4. 提供公共的setter和getter方法 2. 功能:封装数据 2. 概念: 成员变量:就是变量 属性:setter和getter方法截取后的产物 例如:getUsername() --> Username--> username 3. 方法: 1. setProperty() 2. getProperty() 3. populate(Object obj , Map map):将map集合的键值对信息,封装到对应的JavaBean对象中
@WebServlet("/loginServlet")
public class LoginServlet extends HttpServlet {
@Override
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
// 1. 设置编码
req.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
/*
// 2. 获取请求参数
String username = req.getParameter("username");
String password = req.getParameter("password");
// 3. 封装对象
User loginUser = new User();
loginUser.setUsername(username);
loginUser.setPassword(password);*/
//2.获取所有请求参数
// 从这开始
Map<String, String[]> map = req.getParameterMap();
//3.1 创建User对象
User loginUser = new User();
//3.2 使用BeanUtils封装 ,使用apache的BeanUtils
try {
BeanUtils.populate(loginUser,map);
} catch (IllegalAccessException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (InvocationTargetException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
// 4. 调用UserDao的login方法
UserDao dao = new UserDao();
User user = dao.login(loginUser);
if(user == null){
// 登录失败
req.getRequestDispatcher("/failServlet").forward(req,resp);
}else{
// 登陆成功
// 存储数据
req.setAttribute("user",user.getUsername());
req.getRequestDispatcher("/successServlet").forward(req,resp);
}
}
@Override
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
this.doGet(req,resp);
}
}