一篇读懂python文件读写

首先获取到需要读取文件的根目录

def get_project_dir():
    """
    获取当前项目的根路径
    :return: 返回根路径的绝对路径
    """
    project_dir = os.path.abspath(os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), "../.."))
    return project_dir

Yaml文件操作

class YamlConfig:
    def __init__(self, yaml_file, folder="config"):
        """
        初始化 YamlConfig 对象
        :param folder: 配置文件所在文件夹名称
        """
        self.logger = logger
        self.file_path = Path(get_project_dir(), folder, yaml_file)
        print(self.file_path)

    def write_yaml(self, data: dict):
        """写入数据到yaml，但是会覆盖全部内容
        """
        try:
            with open(self.file_path, 'w', encoding="utf-8") as f:
                yaml.safe_dump(data, f, allow_unicode=True)
                self.logger.debug(f"yaml文件【{self.file_path}】写入数据成功！内容如下：\n{format_print(data)}")
                return data
        except FileNotFoundError:
            self.logger.exception(f"写入{self.file_path}文件错误!")

    def update_yaml(self, key: str, value: str):
        """仅更新yaml文件
        """
        result = self.load_yaml()
        # 更新部分内容
        result = result.copy()
        result[key] = value
        try:
            # 写入更新后的 YAML 文件
            with open(self.file_path, 'w', encoding="utf-8") as f:
                yaml.safe_dump(result, f)
        except FileNotFoundError:
            self.logger.exception(f"写入{self.file_path}文件错误!")

    def load_yaml(self):
        """
        读取 YAML 配置文件
        :return: 配置数据字典
        """
        try:
            with open(self.file_path, 'r', encoding="utf-8") as f:
                data = yaml.safe_load(f.read())
                self.logger.debug(f"yaml文件【{self.file_path}】加载成功！内容如下：{format_print(data)}")
                return data
        except FileNotFoundError:
            print(f"文件 {self.file_path} 不存在。")
            return None
        except Exception as e:
            print(f"读取配置文件时发生错误：{e}")
            return None

Json文件操作

class JsonConfig:
    def __init__(self, json_file: str, folder: str = "config"):
        """初始化JsonConfig对象

        Args:
            json_file: json配置文件
            folder: json配置文件的路径
        """
        self.logger = logger
        self.file_path = Path(get_project_dir(), folder, json_file)
        print(self.file_path)

    def read_json_file(self):
        try:
            with open(self.file_path, 'r', encoding='utf-8') as f:
                return json.load(f)
        except FileNotFoundError:
            self.logger.exception(f"文件 {self.file_path} 不存在！")
        except json.JSONDecodeError:
            self.logger.exception(f"文件 {self.file_path} 内容不是有效的 JSON！")

    def write_json_file(self, data: dict):
        try:
            with open(self.file_path, 'w', encoding='utf-8') as f:
                json.dump(data, f, indent=4, ensure_ascii=False)
        except FileNotFoundError:
            self.logger.exception(f"文件 {self.file_path} 不存在！")

    def update_json_file(self, value: str, parent_key: str, child_key: str = None):
        try:
            with open(self.file_path, 'r', encoding='utf-8') as f:
                json_data = json.load(f)
            if child_key is None:
                # 无嵌套
                json_data[parent_key] = value
            else:
                # 2级嵌套
                json_data[parent_key][child_key] = value
            # 将更新后的新数据写入json文件
            self.write_json_file(json_data)
        except FileNotFoundError:
            self.logger.exception(f"文件 {self.file_path} 不存在！")

InI文件操作

class IniConfig:
    def __init__(self, ini_file: str, folder="config"):
        """ini配置文件

        Args:
            ini_file: ini配置文件
            folder: 配置文件路径
        """
        self.logger = logger
        self.config = ConfigParser()
        self.file_path = Path(get_project_dir(), folder, ini_file)
        print(self.file_path)

    def load_file(self) -> None:
        """加载文件

        Returns:
            None
        """
        try:
            self.config.read(self.file_path, encoding="utf-8")
            self.logger.debug(f"读取配置文件：【{self.file_path}】成功~")
        except (FileNotFoundError, NoSectionError):
            self.logger.exception(f"读取配置文件：【{self.file_path}】异常!")

    def get_value(self, parent_key: str, child_key: str) -> str:
        """获取对应的值

        Args:
            parent_key: 父键
            child_key: 子键

        Returns:
            data: 配置文件值

        """
        self.load_file()
        data = self.config.get(parent_key, child_key)
        self.logger.debug(f"ini文件【{self.file_path}】加载成功！内容：{data}")
        return data

CSV文件操作

class CsvConfig:
    def __init__(self, csv_file: str, folder: str = "config"):
        """CsvConfig

        Args:
            csv_file: csv配置文件
            folder: csv配置文件的路径
        """
        self.logger = logger
        self.file_path = Path(get_project_dir(), folder, csv_file)
        print(self.file_path)

    def read_csv_file(self):
        try:
            with open(self.file_path, 'r', encoding='utf-8') as f:
                reader = csv.reader(f)
                rows = []
                for row in reader:
                    rows.append(row)
                return rows
        except FileNotFoundError:
            self.logger.exception(f"文件 {self.file_path} 不存在！")
        except csv.Error:
            self.logger.exception(f"文件 {self.file_path} 内容不是有效的CSV！")

    def write_csv_file(self, write_data: list):
        try:
            with open(self.file_path, 'a', newline='', encoding='utf-8') as f:
                writer = csv.writer(f)
                writer.writerows(write_data)
        except csv.Error:
            self.logger.exception(f"{write_data}数据写入csv文件失败！！")

最后运行结果