java初学笔记——三大特性

1 封装

封装是把过程和数据包围起来，对数据的访问只能通过已定义的接口。

//类封装
private class people{
	//属性封装
	private String name;
		private int age;
	//方法封装
	public void SetName(String Iname){
		name = Iname;
	}
	public String GetName(){
		return name;
	}
	public void SetAge(int Iage){
		age = Iage;
	}
	public String GetAge(){
		return age;
	}
}

2 继承

java中只有子类继承父类，不能多重继承

public class father{
	private String name;
	private int age;
	void String getname(){
		return name;
	}
	int getage(){
		return age;
	}
}
private class son extends father{
	public String myfathername(){
		return getname();
	}
	public int myfatherage(){
		return getage();
	}
}

3 多态多态包括两种行为，重载与覆盖重载，是指一个类中，可以出现相同的函数名，但是他们的参数不同，将他们命名为相同的名字，可能是因为功能相似，这样增加了可读性，增加了程序的可维护性。例如，将输入的数据打印出来，用到的System类中的print方法就用到了这个重载，参数可以是字符，也可以是字符串，整型等等。覆盖，则与重载的范围不同，是指在子类中，将父类的方法覆盖掉重写，方法名必须一致。

1)覆盖

public class Animal {

	void eat(){
		System.out.print("I am eating...\n");
	}
	void sleep(){
		System.out.print("I am sleeping...\n");
	}
	void play(){
		System.out.print("I am playing");;
	}
}
public class cat extends Animal{
	//Animal cat = new Animal();
	//覆盖
	void eat(){
		System.out.print("a cat is eating...\n");
	}
	void sleep(){
		System.out.print("a cat is sleeping...\n");
	}
	void play(){
		System.out.print("a cat is playing...\n");
	}
}
//测试
public class hello{
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		//5.23
		Animal dong = new Animal();
		dong.eat();
		dong.sleep();
		dong.play();
		
		cat redcat = new cat();
		redcat.eat();
		redcat.sleep();
		redcat.play();
		
	}
}

// test result

I am eating...
I am sleeping...
I am playing

a cat is eating...
a cat is sleeping...
a cat is playing...

2）重载

public class Animal {
	void playwithme(String str){
		System.out.print("\noh,buddy,I get your string\n");
		System.out.print(str);
	}
	void playwithme(int num){
		System.out.print("\noh,buddy,I get your int num\n");
		System.out.print(num);
	}
	void playwithme(char ch){
		System.out.print("\noh,buddy,I get your character\n");
		System.out.print(ch);
	}
}
public class hello{
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		Animal dong = new Animal();
		dong.playwithme('i');
		dong.playwithme("dong");
		dong.playwithme(2);
		
	}

}

//test result

oh,buddy,I get your character
i
oh,buddy,I get your string
dong
oh,buddy,I get your int num
2