神奇的vagrant

今天分享工具vagrant（https://www.vagrantup.com/）

---

vagrant是什么？使用场景？如何安装？如何使用？今天围绕这四个问题简单说一下

vagrant是什么？

vagrant是一个自动化管理虚拟机的实用的工具，可以快速创建一个或多个虚拟机及虚拟机中的系统，系统中的镜像都可以实现。开发语言是用ruby语言写的。适用于windows、Linux、macOS系统。节省了搭建的时间。

vagrant的使用场景？

vagrant的使用场景有很多，首先是虚拟机的搭建、虚拟机镜像搭建、其次是自动化部署。

vagrant如何安装？

首先需要安装一项vagrant，安装步骤直接区官网进行下载就行，根据需要不同的系统版本下载相应的vagrant，其中Windows下载AMD64的就行安装后可以通过vagrant -v 命令进行测试是否安装成功。
vagrant的神奇离不开两个，一个是（Install Vagrant VMware Utility）监听9922端口，另一个是（VMware provider plugin）;其中Utility是一个单独的服务，安装的话可以通过vagrant的官网，具体如下：
在vagrant下载页面找到如图所示，并点击EXPlore：

可以看到关于Utility相关的信息，点击相应的版本进行安装即可。（！！！需要注意的是macOS-ARM64苹果本系统，只能手动安装。官网不提供）
因为Utility这个服务有监听9922端口，所以可以通过查看监听端口看是否安装：
sudo netstat -an | grep 9922  
tcp4       0      0  127.0.0.1.9922         *.*                    LISTEN

安装VMWARE provider plugin可以使用国内站点进行：
#vagrant plugin install vagrant-vmware-desktop --plugin-clean-sources --plugin-source https://gems.ruby-china.com
国外站点：
#vagrant plugin install vagrant-vmware-desktop
验证：vagrant plugin list
最后如果验证都没有问题，那vagrant就安装好了。

vagrant如何安装？

1.创建一个文件夹vagrant-docker，进入文件夹后创建一个Vagrantfile文件和一个settings.yaml文件。其中Vagrantfile文件如下：

---

# -*- mode: ruby -*-
# vi: set ft=ruby :

## VARS =begin
#  变量文件（加载yaml文件模块，读取变量）
require "yaml"
settings = YAML.load_file "settings.yaml"
#  默认 PROVIDER
VAGRANT_DEFAULT_PROVIDER = "vmware_desktop"
#  虚拟机 IP
VB_IP = settings["network"]["control_ip"]
#  虚拟机 NAME
VB_NAME = settings["nodes"]["control"]["name"]
#  虚拟机 DIRECTORY
VMWARE_DIRECTORY = settings["vmware"]["directory"] + "/VM-" + VB_NAME
## VARS =end

## Configuration Version =begin  vagrant的配置版本，这里选择第二个版本
Vagrant.configure("2") do |config|
	## This configures what box the machine will be brought up against
	#  The value here should be the name of an installed box or a shorthand name of a box in HashiCorp's Vagrant Cloud；判断系统的架构
	if `uname -m`.strip == "arm64"
		config.vm.box = settings["vmware"]["box"]["arm64"]
		APT_MIRROR = settings["software"]["apt_mirror"]["arm64"]
		GUEST_OS = "arm-ubuntu-64"
	else
		config.vm.box = settings["vmware"]["box"]["amd64"]
		APT_MIRROR = settings["software"]["apt_mirror"]["amd64"]
		GUEST_OS = "ubuntu-64"
	end
	## If true, Vagrant will check for updates to the configured box on every vagrant up
	#  If an update is found, Vagrant will tell the user  系统镜像是否更新
	config.vm.box_check_update = true
	## Configures synced folders on the machine, 
	#  so that folders on your host machine can be synced to and from the guest machine  当前所在目录共享到虚拟机这个不需要所以关闭
	config.vm.synced_folder ".", "/vagrant", disabled: true
	
	## Machine Settings =begin      虚拟机配置
	config.vm.define VB_NAME do |vm_1|
		## Configures networks on the machine 网络配置，创建成功后会新增加一块网卡
		vm_1.vm.network :private_network, ip: VB_IP

		## The hostname the machine should have
		#  If set to a string, the hostname will be set on boot
		#  If set, Vagrant will update /etc/hosts on the guest with the configured hostname  主机名称
		vm_1.vm.hostname = VB_NAME
		
		## Provider settings =begin
		vm_1.vm.provider VAGRANT_DEFAULT_PROVIDER do |v|
			## HGFS is functional within the guest
			#  This defaults to detected capability of the guest   共享默认不启用
			v.functional_hgfs = false
			## Launch guest with a GUI
			#  This defaults to false   默认可以看到变量
			v.gui = true
			## Path for storing VMware clones
			#  This defaults to ./.vagrant  默认是否克隆，目录在哪
			v.clone_directory = VMWARE_DIRECTORY
			## Use linked clones instead of full copy clones
			v.linked_clone = true
			## VMX key/value pairs to set or unset
			#  If the value is nit, the key will be deleted   vm虚拟机的值
			v.vmx["displayName"] = VB_NAME
			v.vmx["memsize"] = settings["nodes"]["control"]["memory"]
			v.vmx["numvcpus"] = settings["nodes"]["control"]["cpu"]
			v.vmx["annotation"] = settings["nodes"]["annotation"]
			v.vmx["guestOS"] = GUEST_OS
			v.vmx["cpuid.coresPerSocket"] = "1"
		end
		## Provider settings =end
	end
	## Machine Settings =end
	
	## The Vagrant Shell provisioner =begin
	#  allows you to upload and execute a script within the guest machine   在vm虚拟机中做了什么事情，修改镜像仓库
	config.vm.provision "shell", 
		env: {
			"DNS_SERVERS" => settings["network"]["dns_servers"].join(" "),
			"APT_MIRROR" => APT_MIRROR
		}, 
		inline: <<-SHELL
			# dns
			sed -i /etc/systemd/resolved.conf \
  				-e '/^DNS=/s/=.*/='"${DNS_SERVERS}"'/'
			systemctl restart systemd-resolved.service
			ln -sf /run/systemd/resolve/resolv.conf /etc/resolv.conf
			# apt_mirror
			if ! curl --connect-timeout 2 google.com &>/dev/null; then
				# C. 国内
				CODE_NAME=$(lsb_release -cs)
				COMPONENT="main restricted universe multiverse"
				tee /etc/apt/sources.list >/dev/null<<-EOF
					deb ${APT_MIRROR} ${CODE_NAME} ${COMPONENT}
					deb ${APT_MIRROR} ${CODE_NAME}-updates ${COMPONENT}
					deb ${APT_MIRROR} ${CODE_NAME}-backports ${COMPONENT}
					deb ${APT_MIRROR} ${CODE_NAME}-security ${COMPONENT}
				EOF
			fi
			# reset_tty1
			if pgrep -l agetty &>/dev/null; then
				kill -9 $(pgrep -l agetty | awk '{print $1}')
			fi
		SHELL
end
## Configuration Version =end

settings.yaml文件其中最重要的是vmware的安装位置，具体如下：

vmware:
  # 1. 虚拟机存放位置
  directory: F:\xxx 
  box:
    amd64: generic/ubuntu2004
    arm64: tknerr/ubuntu2004-desktop
software:
  apt_mirror:
    amd64: 个人喜欢的远程仓库地址/ubuntu
    arm64: 个人喜欢的远程仓库地址/ubuntu-ports
nodes:
  control:
    name: Docker
    cpu: 2
    memory: 2048
  annotation: "- OS: Ubuntu 20.04|0A    - USERNAME: vagrant|0A    - PASSWORD: vagrant|0A- SOFTWARE: docker"
network:
  control_ip: 192.168.8.7
  dns_servers:
    - 114.114.114.114
    - 8.8.8.8
    - 8.8.4.4

最后，在vagrant-docker 文件夹中 操作vagrant up 命令即可创建。

---

常用命令
vagrant up 创建虚拟机,启动vagrant
vagrant ssh 链接虚拟机
vagrant halt 虚拟机关机