django-rest-framework 基础四 过滤、排序、分页、异常处理

1. 过滤

在之前所写的五个接口中，只有获取所有需要过滤，其他接口都不需要。如在访问的时候带参数过滤出自己想要的数据。

http://127.0.0.1:8080/?search=活着

1.1 内置过滤类

views.py

from rest_framework.viewsets import GenericViewSet
from rest_framework.mixins import ListModelMixin

from 应用名.models import Book  # 数据库
from 应用名.serializer import BookSerializer # 序列化器

from rest_framework.filters import SearchFilter


class BookView(GenericViewSet, ListModelMixin):

    queryset = Book.objects.all()
    serializer_class = BookSerializer

    filter_backends = [SearchFilter,]
    # 过滤name
    # search_fields = ['name']
	# 过滤namt或author
    search_fields = ['name','author']

路由urls.py

from django.contrib import admin
from django.urls import path,include
from authenticated import views
from rest_framework import routers

router = routers.SimpleRouter()
router.register('books', views.BookView,"books")
urlpatterns = [
    path('admin/', admin.site.urls),
    path('', include(router.urls))
]

访问(模糊匹配):

http://127.0.0.1:8000/books/?search=西游记
http://127.0.0.1:8000/books/?search=华

1.2 第三方过滤类

使用第三方过滤类，

第一步先安装django-filter

pip install django-filter

第二步在配置里注册settings.py

INSTALLED_APPS = [
	...
    'rest_framework',
    'django_filters',
]

第三步在视图类中使用views.py

from rest_framework.viewsets import GenericViewSet
from rest_framework.mixins import ListModelMixin

from 应用名.models import Book  # 数据库
from 应用名.serializer import BookSerializer # 序列化器

from django_filters.rest_framework import DjangoFilterBackend
class BookView(GenericViewSet, ListModelMixin):

    queryset = Book.objects.all()
    serializer_class = BookSerializer

    filter_backends = [DjangoFilterBackend,]

    filter_fields = ['name','author']

路由还是原来的配置。

这时访问是要过滤，关键字不能写search了，写search会把全部都打印出来，要写具体的字段名，而且后面要过滤的内容是精准匹配

http://127.0.0.1:8000/books/?name=西游记, 如果像之前直接写西则匹配不出来

http://127.0.0.1:8000/books/?name=活着&author=余华  # 这里面是and的关系，name是活着并且author是余华的

1.3 自定义过滤类

单独写一个类继承BaseFilterBackend 基类，重写filter_queryset方法,返回queryset对象

filter.py

from rest_framework.filters import BaseFilterBackend

class BookFilter(BaseFilterBackend):
    def filter_queryset(self, request, queryset, view):
        query = request.query_params.get('name')
        if query:
            queryset =  queryset.filter(name__contains=query)
        return queryset

views.py

from rest_framework.viewsets import GenericViewSet
from rest_framework.mixins import ListModelMixin

from 应用名.models import Book  # 数据库
from 应用名.serializer import BookSerializer # 序列化器


from 应用名.filter import BookFilter


class BookView(GenericViewSet, ListModelMixin):

    queryset = Book.objects.all()
    serializer_class = BookSerializer