Hive开窗函数

1、概述

开窗函数即将一个大的表分成多个小的表并且分别对其进行处理,即开窗.

2、相关函数说明

OVER()：指定分析函数工作的数据窗口大小，这个数据窗口大小可能会随着行的变而变化。

CURRENT ROW：当前行

n PRECEDING：往前n行数据

n FOLLOWING：往后n行数据

UNBOUNDED：起点，UNBOUNDED PRECEDING 表示从前面的起点， UNBOUNDED FOLLOWING表示到后面的终点

LAG(col,n,default_val)：往前第n行数据

LEAD(col,n, default_val)：往后第n行数据

NTILE(n)：把有序分区中的行分发到指定数据的组中，各个组有编号，编号从1开始，对于每一行，NTILE返回此行所属的组的编号。注意：n必须为int类型。

3、案例实操

数据准备：name，orderdate，cost

jack,2017-01-01,10
tony,2017-01-02,15
jack,2017-02-03,23
tony,2017-01-04,29
jack,2017-01-05,46
jack,2017-04-06,42
tony,2017-01-07,50
jack,2017-01-08,55
mart,2017-04-08,62
mart,2017-04-09,68
neil,2017-05-10,12
mart,2017-04-11,75
neil,2017-06-12,80
mart,2017-04-13,94

创建hive表并导入数据

create table business(
name string, 
orderdate string,
cost int
) ROW FORMAT DELIMITED FIELDS TERMINATED BY ',';
load data local inpath "/opt/module/datas/business.txt" into table business;

(1)查询在2017年4月份购买过的顾客及总人数

select name,count(*) over () 
from business 
where substring(orderdate,1,7) = '2017-04' 
group by name;

(2)查询顾客的购买明细及月购买总额（month返回月份）

select name,orderdate,cost,sum(cost) over(partition by month(orderdate)) from business;

(3)上述的场景, 将每个顾客的cost按照日期进行累加

select name,orderdate,cost, 
sum(cost) over() as sample1,--所有行相加 
sum(cost) over(partition by name) as sample2,--按name分组，组内数据相加 
sum(cost) over(partition by name order by orderdate) as sample3,--按name分组，组内数据累加 
sum(cost) over(partition by name order by orderdate rows between UNBOUNDED PRECEDING and current row ) as sample4 ,--和sample3一样,由起点到当前行的聚合 
sum(cost) over(partition by name order by orderdate rows between 1 PRECEDING and current row) as sample5, --当前行和前面一行做聚合 
sum(cost) over(partition by name order by orderdate rows between 1 PRECEDING AND 1 FOLLOWING ) as sample6,--当前行和前边一行及后面一行 
sum(cost) over(partition by name order by orderdate rows between current row and UNBOUNDED FOLLOWING ) as sample7 --当前行及后面所有行 
from business;
//rows必须跟在Order by 子句之后，对排序的结果进行限制，使用固定的行数来限制分区中的数据行数量

(4)查看顾客上次的购买时间

select name,orderdate,cost, 
lag(orderdate,1,'1900-01-01') over(partition by name order by orderdate ) as time1, lag(orderdate,2) over (partition by name order by orderdate) as time2 
from business;

(5)查询前20%时间的订单信息

select * from (
    select name,orderdate,cost, ntile(5) over(order by orderdate) sorted
    from business
) t
where sorted = 1;