@Autowired不能加在静态成员变量上要不然会注入为null

最新推荐文章于 2023-04-12 11:00:22 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2023-04-12 11:00:22 发布

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文章标签： java servlet spring

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/QJY1437758743/article/details/129636589

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项目场景：

最近接到一个需求对大数据进行Excel导出,打算多线程分sheet页导出

问题描述

测试过程中发现声明的静态成员变量用 @Autowired 注入 bean 为 null
(因为是在工具类中我定义的工具类方法是静态的所以成员变量也需要定义为静态)
错误demo部分代码如下

package com.ruoyi.common.utils.poi;

import org.apache.poi.ss.usermodel.*;
import org.apache.poi.ss.util.CellRangeAddressList;
import org.apache.poi.xssf.streaming.SXSSFSheet;
import org.apache.poi.xssf.streaming.SXSSFWorkbook;
import org.apache.poi.xssf.usermodel.XSSFRichTextString;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.scheduling.concurrent.ThreadPoolTaskExecutor;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.lang.reflect.Field;
import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.concurrent.CountDownLatch;


@Component
public class ExcelXSSFNewUtil {
    
    @Autowired
    private static ThreadPoolTaskExecutor threadPoolTaskExecutor;
    
    public static void exportXlsxBigInfo(String[] headName, String[] headId, List list, String fileName, HttpServletResponse response) throws Exception {
        //测试默认两条一页
        int num = 2;
        SimpleDateFormat sdf = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd");
        int dataCount = list.size();
        //任务数（向下取整）
        int taskNext = dataCount / num;
        //余数
        int modeCount = dataCount % taskNext;
        //每个线程有个sheet用开始结束分割数据
        int start = 0;
        int end = 0;
        SXSSFWorkbook workbook = new SXSSFWorkbook();
        CountDownLatch countDownLatch = new CountDownLatch(taskNext);
        for (int t = 0; t < taskNext; t++) {
            start = t * num;
            //最后一页加上余数
            if (t == taskNext - 1) {
                end = (t + 1) * num + modeCount;
            } else {
                end = (t + 1) * num;
            }
            List subList = list.subList(start, end);
            //这个方法线程不安全放外面
            SXSSFSheet sheet = workbook.createSheet(start + 1 + "-" + end);
            threadPoolTaskExecutor.execute(() -> {
                try {
                    Row row1 = sheet.createRow(0);
                    for (int j = 0; j < headName.length; j++) {
                        Cell cell = row1.createCell(j);
                        cell.setCellValue(headName[j]);
                    }
                    Object obj = null;
                    Map map;
                    for (int i = 1; i <= subList.size(); i++) {
                        Row row = sheet.createRow(i);
                        obj = subList.get(i - 1);
                        map = objectToMap(obj);
                        for (int j = 0; j < headId.length; j++) {
                            Cell cell = row.createCell(j);
                            XSSFRichTextString text = null;
                            String head = null;
                            String dictName = null;
                            head =String.valueOf(map.get(headId[j]));
                            if ("".equals(head) || head == null) {
                                text = new XSSFRichTextString("");
                            } else {
                                Field field = obj.getClass().getDeclaredField(headId[j]);
                                boolean b = field.isAccessible();
                                field.setAccessible(true);
                                if (field.get(obj) instanceof Date) {
                                    String a = sdf.format(field.get(obj));
                                    text = new XSSFRichTextString(a);
                                } else {
                                    text = new XSSFRichTextString(head);
                                }
                                field.setAccessible(b);
                            }
                            cell.setCellValue(text);
                        }
                    }
                } catch (Exception e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                } finally {
                    countDownLatch.countDown();
                }
            });
        }
        countDownLatch.await();
        File file = new File("C:\\Users\\14377\\Videos\\Captures\\" + fileName);
        FileOutputStream os = new FileOutputStream(file);
        workbook.write(os);
        os.flush();
        os.close();
//        response.setContentType("application/octet-stream;charset=UTF-8");
//        response.addHeader("Content-Disposition", "attachment;filename=" + fileName);
//        response.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");
//        ServletOutputStream outputStream = response.getOutputStream();
//        workbook.write(outputStream);
//        outputStream.flush();
//        outputStream.close();
    }

    private static void addValidate(SXSSFSheet sheet, List<String> list, String head, int column) {
        DataValidationHelper helper = sheet.getDataValidationHelper();
        //区域
        CellRangeAddressList regions = new CellRangeAddressList(3, 5000, column, column);
        // 生成下拉框内容
        DataValidationConstraint constraint = helper.createFormulaListConstraint(String.valueOf(list));
        // 绑定下拉框和作用区域
        DataValidation validation = helper.createValidation(constraint, regions);
        validation.setShowErrorBox(true);
        validation.createErrorBox("警告", head + "选择有误");
        sheet.addValidationData(validation);
    }

    public static Map<String, Object> objectToMap(Object object) {
        Map<String, Object> dataMap = new HashMap<>();
        Class<?> clazz = object.getClass();
        for (Field field : clazz.getDeclaredFields()) {
            try {
                field.setAccessible(true);
                dataMap.put(field.getName(), field.get(object));
            } catch (IllegalAccessException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
        return dataMap;

    }
}

    @PostMapping("/export")
    public void export(HttpServletResponse response, SysUser user) throws Exception {
        List<SysUser> list = userService.selectUserList(user);
     ExcelXSSFNewUtil.exportXlsxBigInfo(USER_NAME,USER_ID,list,"用户信息.xlsx",response);
    }

private static final String[] USER_NAME = new String[]{"用户序号","部门编号","登录名称","用户名称","用户邮箱","手机号码","用户性别","帐号状态","最后登录IP","最后登录时间"};

private static final String[] USER_ID = new String[]{"userId","deptId","userName","nickName","email","phonenumber","sex","status","loginIp","loginDate"};

原因分析：

这篇文章写的比较好

https://blog.csdn.net/asd43211234/article/details/106824230?spm=1001.2014.3001.5506

原因大概有一下两点
1.在Java中，针对static静态成员，我们有一些最基本的常识：静态变量（成员）它是属于类的，而非属于实例对象的属性；同样的静态方法也是属于类的，普通方法（实例方法）才属于对象。而Spring容器管理的都是实例对象，包括它的@Autowired依赖注入的均是容器内的对象实例，所以对于static成员是不能直接使用@Autowired注入的。
就是类成员的初始化较早，那时候实例对象还没有就不存在注入成功了
2.看源码
扫描Class类需要注入的元数据的时候，直接选择忽略掉了static成员（包括属性和方法）。
![在这里插入图片描述](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/7803c7b72cde478fb0af15b5c6ae1bf0.png

解决方案：

间接实现static成员注入 延迟为static成员属性赋值
方法一：set方法注入

@Component
public class ExcelXSSFNewUtil {

    private static ThreadPoolTaskExecutor threadPoolTaskExecutor;

    @Autowired
    public void setMbsTaskExecutor(@Qualifier("threadPoolTaskExecutor") ThreadPoolTaskExecutor taskExecutor) {
        ExcelXSSFNewUtil.threadPoolTaskExecutor = taskExecutor;
    }

方法二：使用@PostConstruct注解

@Component
public class ExcelXSSFNewUtil {

    private static ThreadPoolTaskExecutor threadPoolTaskExecutor;
    @Resource
    private  ThreadPoolTaskExecutor taskExecutor;
    @PostConstruct
    public void init() {
        ExcelXSSFNewUtil.threadPoolTaskExecutor = taskExecutor;
    }

@PostConstruct注解介绍：

初始化方式一：@PostConstruct注解
假设类UserController有个成员变量UserService被@Autowired修饰，那么UserService的注入是在UserController的构造方法之后执行的。

    如果想在UserController对象生成时候完成某些初始化操作，而偏偏这些初始化操作又依赖于依赖注入的对象，那么就无法在构造函数中实现（ps：spring启动时初始化异常），例如：

public class UserController {
	@Autowired
	private UserService userService;
 
	public UserController() {
		// 调用userService的自定义初始化方法，此时userService为null，报错
		userService.userServiceInit();
	}
}

    因此，可以使用@PostConstruct注解来完成初始化，@PostConstruct注解的方法将会在UserService注入完成后被自动调用。

public class UserController {
	@Autowired
	private UserService userService;
 
	public UserController() {
	}
 
	// 初始化方法
	@PostConstruct
	public void init(){
		userService.userServiceInit();
	}
}

总结：类初始化调用顺序：

（1）构造方法Constructor
（2）@Autowired
（3）@PostConstruct

初始化方式二：实现InitializingBean接口
除了采用注解完成初始化，也可以通过实现InitializingBean完成类的初始化

public class UserController implements InitializingBean {
	@Autowired
	private UserService userService;
 
	public UserController() {
	}
 
	// 初始化方法
	@Override
	public void afterPropertiesSet() throws Exception {
		userService.userServiceInit();
	}
}