JSON解析器:
- 常见的解析器:Jsonlib,Gson,fastjson,jackson
1. JSON转为Java对象
(代码见下面test5)
- 导入jackson的相关jar包
- 创建Jackson核心对象 ObjectMapper
- 调用ObjectMapper的相关方法进行转换
1. readValue(json字符串数据,Class)(这步和下面的不同)
(重点)2. Java对象、装有对象的集合、map(里面没对象)都可以转为转换JSON
使用步骤:
-
导入jackson的相关jar包,记得add as library
-
创建Jackson核心对象 ObjectMapper
-
调用ObjectMapper的相关方法进行转换
3.1. 转换方法:-
writeValue(参数1,obj):
参数1:
> File:将obj对象转换为JSON字符串,并保存到指定的文件中
> Writer:将obj对象转换为JSON字符串,并将json数据填充到字符输出流中
> OutputStream:将obj对象转换为JSON字符串,并将json数据填充到字节输出流中 -
writeValueAsString(obj):将对象转为json字符串
3.2. 注解:(见下面test2)
1. @JsonIgnore:排除属性。
2. @JsonFormat:属性值得格式化(可以把Person里的日期对象,转为你想要的格式再存进json)
* @JsonFormat(pattern = “yyyy-MM-dd”)3.3. 复杂java对象转换
1. List:json输出数组
2. Map:json输出对象格式一致 -
Person.java:
package cn.itcast.domain;
/**
* @author QLBF
* @version 1.0
* @date 2020/12/4 19:09
*/
public class Person {
private String name;
private int age;
private String gender;
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Person{" +
"name='" + name + '\'' +
", age=" + age +
", gender='" + gender + '\'' +
'}';
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public int getAge() {
return age;
}
public void setAge(int age) {
this.age = age;
}
public String getGender() {
return gender;
}
public void setGender(String gender) {
this.gender = gender;
}
}
JacksonTest.java:
package cn.itcast.test;
import cn.itcast.domain.Person;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.core.JsonProcessingException;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.ObjectMapper;
import org.junit.Test;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileWriter;
import java.util.*;
/**
* @author QLBF
* @version 1.0
* @date 2020/12/4 19:10
*/
public class JacksonTest {
//Java对象转为JSON字符串
@Test
public void test1() throws Exception {
//1.创建Person对象
Person p=new Person();
p.setName("张三");
p.setAge(29);
p.setGender("男");
//2.创建Jackson的核心对象 ObjectMapper
ObjectMapper mapper=new ObjectMapper();
//3.转换
/*
转换方法:
writeValue(参数1,obj):(可以写到电脑硬盘的,也可以输出到response)
参数1:
File:将obj对象转换为JSON字符串,并保存到指定的文件中
Writer:将obj对象转换为JSON字符串,并将json数据填充到字符输出流中
OutputStream:将obj对象转换为JSON字符串,并将json数据填充到字节输出流中
writeValueAsString(obj):将对象转为json字符串,可以直接输出到控制台
*/
String json = mapper.writeValueAsString(p);
System.out.println(json);//{"name":"张三","age":29,"gender":"男"}
//writeValue,将数据写到D:\a\b\a.txt文件中
//mapper.writeValue(new File("D:\\a\\b\\a.txt"),p);
//writeValue.将数据关联到Writer中
mapper.writeValue(new FileWriter("D:\\a\\b\\b.txt"),p);
}
//演示注解作用
@Test
public void test2() throws Exception {
//1.创建Person对象
Person p = new Person();
p.setName("张三");
p.setAge(22);
p.setGender("男");
p.setBirthday(new Date());
//2.转换
ObjectMapper mapper = new ObjectMapper();
String json = mapper.writeValueAsString(p);
System.out.println(json);
/*
* 在Person类的birthday什么都不加:{"name":"张三","age":22,"gender":"男","birthday":1607081321141}
* 在Person类的birthday加@JsonIgnore(就不要birthday存进json,不太好):{"name":"张三","age":22,"gender":"男"}
* 在Person类的birthday加@JsonFormat:{"name":"张三","age":22,"gender":"男","birthday":"2020-12-04"}
* */
}
//把装有对象的集合转为json
@Test
public void test3() throws Exception {
//1.创建Person对象
Person p1 = new Person();
p1.setName("张三");
p1.setAge(22);
p1.setGender("男");
p1.setBirthday(new Date());
Person p2 = new Person();
p2.setName("王五");
p2.setAge(25);
p2.setGender("男");
p2.setBirthday(new Date());
Person p3 = new Person();
p3.setName("小赵");
p3.setAge(23);
p3.setGender("男");
p3.setBirthday(new Date());
//创建List集合
List<Person> ps=new ArrayList<>();
ps.add(p1);
ps.add(p2);
ps.add(p3);
//2.转换
ObjectMapper mapper = new ObjectMapper();
String json = mapper.writeValueAsString(ps);
System.out.println(json);
/*[{"name":"张三","age":22,"gender":"男","birthday":"2020-12-04"},
{"name":"王五","age":25,"gender":"男","birthday":"2020-12-04"},
{"name":"小赵","age":23,"gender":"男","birthday":"2020-12-04"}]*/
}
//把map转为json
@Test
public void test4() throws Exception {
//1.创建map对象,这里没有Person
Map<String,Object> map=new HashMap<>();
map.put("name","张飞");
map.put("age",88);
map.put("gender","男");
//2.转换
ObjectMapper mapper = new ObjectMapper();
String json = mapper.writeValueAsString(map);
System.out.println(json);//{"gender":"男","name":"张飞","age":88}
}
//演示 JSON字符串转为Java对象
@Test
public void test5() throws Exception {
//1.初始化JSON字符串,把上面的输出复制到这里直接转义了
String json="{\"gender\":\"男\",\"name\":\"张飞\",\"age\":88}";
//2.创建ObjectMapper对象
ObjectMapper mapper = new ObjectMapper();
//3.转换为Java对象 Person对象
Person p1 = mapper.readValue(json, Person.class);
System.out.println(p1);//Person{name='张飞', age=88, gender='男'}
}
}