责任链模式:
定义:为解除请求的发送者和接收者之间的耦合,而使多个对象都有机会处理这个请求,将这些对象连成一条链,并沿着这条链传递该请求,直到有一个对象处理它;
说明:将能够处理同一类请求的对象连成一条链,所提交的请求沿着链传递,链上的对象逐个判断是否有能力处理该请求,如果能则处理,如果不能则交给链上的下一个对象处理;
就像奖学金的评审一样:
责任链模式结构图:
①Handler(抽象处理者):定义了一个处理请求的接口,它一般设计为抽象类,由于不同的具体处理者处理请求的方式不同,因此在其中定义了抽象请求处理方法;
②ConcreteHandler(具体处理者):具体处理者时抽象处理者的子类,它可以处理用户请求,在具体处理类中实现了抽象处理者中定义的抽象请求处理方法,在处理请求之前需要进行判断,看是否有相应的处理权限,如果可以处理请求就处理它,否则将请求转发给后继者;在具体处理者中可以访问链中的下一个对象,以便请求的转发;
③Client(客户类):提出请求,只需要关心链的源头,无须关心请求处理细节以及请求传递过程;
实例:
某OA系统需要提供一个假条审批的模块,如果员工请假时间小于3天,主任可以审批假条;如果员工的请假事件大于等于3天,小于10天,经理可以审批;如果员工的请假天数大于等于10天,小于30天,总经理可以审批;如果超过30天,总经理也不能审批,提示相应的拒绝信息;
代码:
/**
* @ClassName LeaveRequest
* @Description 请求类(请假条类)
* @Author lzq
* @Date 2019/6/5 01:19
* @Version 1.0
**/
public class LeaveRequest {
private String leaveName;
private int leaveDays;
public LeaveRequest(String leaveName, int leaveDays) {
this.leaveName = leaveName;
this.leaveDays = leaveDays;
}
public void setLeaveName(String leaveName) {
this.leaveName = leaveName;
}
public void setLeaveDays(int leaveDays) {
this.leaveDays = leaveDays;
}
public String getLeaveName() {
return leaveName;
}
public int getLeaveDays() {
return leaveDays;
}
}
/**
* @ClassName Leader
* @Description 抽象处理者(领导类)
* @Author lzq
* @Date 2019/6/5 01:26
* @Version 1.0
**/
public abstract class Leader {
protected String name;
protected Leader successor;
public Leader(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public void setSuccessor(Leader successor) {
this.successor = successor;
}
public abstract void handleRequest(LeaveRequest request);
}
/**
* @ClassName Director
* @Description 具体处理者(主任类)
* @Author lzq
* @Date 2019/6/5 01:28
* @Version 1.0
**/
public class Director extends Leader{
public Director(String name) {
super(name);
}
@Override
public void handleRequest(LeaveRequest request) {
if(request.getLeaveDays() < 3) {
System.out.println("主任"+name+"审批员工"+request.getLeaveName()+"请假"+request.getLeaveDays()+"天");
}else {
if(this.successor != null) {
this.successor.handleRequest(request);
}
}
}
}
/**
* @ClassName Manager
* @Description 具体处理者(经理类)
* @Author lzq
* @Date 2019/6/5 01:33
* @Version 1.0
**/
public class Manager extends Leader{
public Manager(String name) {
super(name);
}
@Override
public void handleRequest(LeaveRequest request) {
if(request.getLeaveDays() < 10) {
System.out.println("经理"+name+"审批员工"+request.getLeaveName()+"请假"+request.getLeaveDays()+"天");
}else {
if(this.successor != null) {
this.successor.handleRequest(request);
}
}
}
}
/**
* @ClassName GeneralManager
* @Description 具体处理者(总经理类)
* @Author lzq
* @Date 2019/6/5 01:34
* @Version 1.0
**/
public class GeneralManager extends Leader{
public GeneralManager(String name) {
super(name);
}
@Override
public void handleRequest(LeaveRequest request) {
if(request.getLeaveDays() < 30) {
System.out.println("总经理"+name+"审批员工"+request.getLeaveName()+"请假"+request.getLeaveDays()+"天");
}else {
System.out.println("莫非"+request.getLeaveName()+"想辞职...");
}
}
}
/**
* @ClassName Client
* @Description 测试类
* @Author lzq
* @Date 2019/6/5 01:36
* @Version 1.0
**/
public class Client {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Leader obj1,obj2,obj3;
obj1 = new Director("张三");
obj2 = new Manager("李四");
obj3 = new GeneralManager("王五");
obj1.setSuccessor(obj2);
obj2.setSuccessor(obj3);
LeaveRequest staff1 = new LeaveRequest("员工1",2);
obj1.handleRequest(staff1);
LeaveRequest staff2 = new LeaveRequest("员工2",5);
obj1.handleRequest(staff2);
LeaveRequest staff3 = new LeaveRequest("员工3",15);
obj1.handleRequest(staff3);
LeaveRequest staff4 = new LeaveRequest("员工4",35);
obj1.handleRequest(staff4);
}
}
运行结果: