《算法笔记》9.2 二叉树的遍历

一.先序遍历
根结点——> 左子树——> 右子树

void preorder(node* root) {
	if(root == NULL) return;
	printf("%d\n", root->data);
	preorder(root->lchild);
	preorder(root->rchild);
}

性质:序列的第一个一定是根结点;

二.中序遍历
左子树——> 根结点——> 右子树

void inorder(node* root) {
	if(root == NULL) return;
	inorder(root->lchild);
	printf("%d\n", root->data);
	inorder(root->rchild);
}

性质:只要知道根结点,就可以区分左子树和右子树;

三.后序遍历
左子树——> 右子树——> 根结点

void postorder(node* root) {
	if(root == NULL) return;
	postorder(root->lchild);
	postorder(root->rchild);
	printf("%d\n", root->data);
}

性质:序列的最后一个是根结点

四.层序遍历
1.实现代码:

void LayerOrder(node* root) {
	queue<node*> q;
	q.push(root);
	while(!q.empty()) {
		node* now = q.front();
		q.pop();
		printf("%d", now->data);
		if(now->lchild != NULL) q.push(now->lchild);
		if(now->rchild != NULL) q.push(now->rchild);
	}
}

2.记录层号:

void LayerOrder(node* root) {
	queue<node*> q;
	root->layer = 1;
	q.push(root);
	while(!q.empty()) {
		node* now = q.front();
		q.pop();
		printf("%d", now->data);
		if(now->lchild != NULL) {
			now->lchild->layer = now->layer + 1;
			q.push(now->lchild);
		}
		if(now->rchild != NULL) {
			now->rchild->layer = now->layer + 1;
			q.push(now->rchild);
		}
	}
}

3.用先序遍历和中序遍历重建二叉树:

struct node {
	int data;
	node* lchild;
	node* rchild;
};

node* create(int preL, int preR, int inL, int inR) {
	if(preL > preR) return NULL;
	node* root = new node;
	root->data = pre[preL];
	int k;
	for(k = inL; k <= inR; k++) {
		if(in[k] == pre[preL]) break;
	}
	int numLeft = k - inL;
	root->lchild = create(preL + 1, preL + numLeft, inL, k - 1);
	root->rchild = create(preL + numLeft + 1, preR, k + 1, inR);
	return root;
}

4.用层序遍历和中序遍历重建二叉树:

struct node {
	int data;
	node* lchild;
	node* rchild;
};

node* create(int layerL, int layerR, int inL, int inR) {
	if(layerL > layerR) return NULL;
	node* root = new node;
	root->data = layer[layerL];
	int k;
	for(k = inL; k <= inR; k++) {
		if(in[k] = layer[layerL]) break;
	}
	int numLeft = k - inL;
	root->lchild = create(layerL * 2, layerR, inL, k - 1);
	root->rchild = create(layerL * 2 + 1, layerR, k + 1, inR);
	return root;
}

五.二叉树的静态实现
不使用指针的实现方式

//定义:
struct node {
	typename data;
	int lchild; //左结点数组下标 
	int rchild; //右结点数组下标 
}Node[maxn]; //maxn 为结点上限个数 

//新结点生成:
int index = 0;
int newNode(int v) {
	Node[index].data = v;
	Node[index].lchild = -1;
	Node[index].rchild = -1;
	return index++;
}

//查找、修改:
void search(int root, int x, int newdata) {
	if(root == -1) return;
	if(Node[root].data == x) Node[root].data = newdata;
	search(Node[root].lchild, x, newdata);
	search(Node[root].rchild, x, newdata);
}

//插入:
void insert(int &root, int x) {
	if(root == -1) {
		root = newNode(x);
		return;
	}
	if(x应该插在左子树) insert(Node[root].lchild, x);
	else insert(Node[root].rchild, x);
}

//建立:
int Create(int data[], int n) {
	int root = -1;
	for(int i = 0; i < n; i++) insert(root, data[i]);
	return root;
}

六.题目:
1.PAT A1020
注意:
1).输出格式:printf("%d", temp->data); num++; if(num < n) printf(" ");

代码:

#include<cstdio>
#include<queue>
using namespace std;
const int maxn = 40;
int post[maxn], in[maxn];
int num = 0;
int n;
struct node {
	int data;
	node* lchild;
	node* rchild;
};

node* create(int postL, int postR, int inL, int inR) {
	if(postL > postR) return NULL;
	node* root = new node;
	root->data = post[postR];
	int k;
	for(k = inL; k <= inR; k++) {
		if(in[k] == post[postR]) break;
	}
	int numLeft = k - inL;
	root->lchild = create(postL, postL + numLeft - 1, inL, k - 1);
	root->rchild = create(postL + numLeft, postR - 1, k + 1, inR);
	return root;
}

void print(node* root) {
	if(root == NULL) return;
	queue<node*> q;
	q.push(root);
	while(!q.empty()) {
		node* temp = q.front();
		q.pop();
		printf("%d", temp->data);
		num++;
		if(num < n) printf(" ");
		if(temp->lchild != NULL) q.push(temp->lchild);
		if(temp->rchild != NULL) q.push(temp->rchild);
	}
}

int main() {
	scanf("%d", &n);
	for(int i = 0; i < n; i++) scanf("%d", &post[i]);
	for(int i = 0; i < n; i++) scanf("%d", &in[i]);
	node* root = create(0, n - 1, 0, n - 1);
	print(root);
	return 0;
}

2.PAT A1086
思路:
1).如何输入:先输入%s,判定是 Push/Pop:if(strcmp(str, "Push") == 0),再输入数字或者不输入数字,再进行之后的操作;
2).模拟栈,用 stack;

代码:

#include<cstdio>
#include<stack>
#include<cstring>
using namespace std;
const int maxn = 40;
int n, num = 0;
int pre[maxn], in[maxn];
struct node {
	int data;
	node* lchild;
	node* rchild;
};

node* create(int preL, int preR, int inL, int inR) {
	if(preL > preR) return NULL;
	node* root = new node;
	root->data = pre[preL];
	int k;
	for(k = inL; k <= inR; k++) {
		if(in[k] == pre[preL]) break;
	}
	int numLeft = k - inL;
	root->lchild = create(preL + 1, preL + numLeft, inL, k - 1);
	root->rchild = create(preL + numLeft + 1, preR, k + 1, inR);
	return root;
}

void print(node* root) {
	if(root == NULL) return;
	print(root->lchild);
	print(root->rchild);
	printf("%d", root->data);
	num++;
	if(num < n) printf(" ");
}

int main() {
	scanf("%d", &n);
	char str[5];
	stack<int> st;
	int x, preIndex = 0, inIndex = 0;
	for(int i = 0; i < 2 * n; i++) {
		scanf("%s", str);
		if(strcmp(str, "Push") == 0) {
			scanf("%d", &x);
			pre[preIndex++] = x;
			st.push(x);
		}
		else {
			in[inIndex++] = st.top();
			st.pop();
		}
	}
	node* root = create(0, n - 1, 0, n - 1);
	print(root);
	return 0;
}

3.PAT A1102
思路:
如何输入:scanf("%*c%c %c", &x1, &x2);
%*c 表示接收一个换行符;

代码:

#include<cstdio>
#include<queue>
using namespace std;
const int maxn = 20;
int n;
int num1 = 0, num2 = 0;
struct node {
	int data;
	int lchild;
	int rchild;
	bool flag;
}Node[maxn];

void layerPrint(int root) {
	queue<int> q;
	q.push(root);
	while(!q.empty()) {
		int temp = q.front();
		q.pop();
		printf("%d", Node[temp].data);
		num1++;
		if(num1 < n) printf(" ");
		else printf("\n");
		if(Node[temp].lchild != -1) q.push(Node[temp].lchild);
		if(Node[temp].rchild != -1) q.push(Node[temp].rchild);	
	}
}

void inPrint(int root) {
	if(root == -1) return;
	inPrint(Node[root].lchild);
	printf("%d", root);
	num2++;
	if(num2 < n) printf(" ");
	else printf("\n");
	inPrint(Node[root].rchild);
}

int main() {
	scanf("%d", &n);
	char x1, x2;
	for(int i = 0; i < n; i++) Node[i].flag = true;
	for(int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
		scanf("%*c%c %c", &x1, &x2);
		Node[i].data = i;
		if(x1 == '-') Node[i].rchild = -1;
		else {
			Node[i].rchild = x1 - '0';
			Node[x1 - '0'].flag = false;
		}
		if(x2 == '-') Node[i].lchild = -1;
		else {
			Node[i].lchild = x2 - '0';
			Node[x2 - '0'].flag = false;
		}
	}
	int i;
	for(i = 0; i < n; i++) {
		if(Node[i].flag == true) break;
	}
	int root_i = i;
	layerPrint(root_i);
	inPrint(root_i);
	return 0;
}
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