Python--weather.NO.1---了解tkinter和requests的基本用法

 1.目标：

 初步认识tkinter or requests

2.准备：（https://pasteme.cn/28686）

2.1参考资料：《用的时候再看也可以》

视频资料（全英、无字幕、慎选） 、略（英文版）、 tkinter详解中文版

廖雪峰requests详解

（再几个与爬虫原理相关的视频，毕竟每个人实操不一样，需要自己调整）

 

2.2需求：  注册Gmail 或者Msn..... 

一些坑：

②注册gmail：通过qq邮箱那种方式（百度经验有）,前提是需要注册谷歌账号（巨坑，输入电话验证的时候，要把前面空格去掉，对，它系统自己给你带了个空格）

 

3.详细过程：

3.1 根据视频前半截，练习 tkinter基础 与学会用  tkinter库资料

• Tk：pass
• mainloop:pass
• Entry:It is used to input the single line text entry from the user.（用于输入单行文本） For multi-line text input, Text widget is used.（多行文本用Text）
• Label: It refers to the display box where you can put any text or image which can be updated any time as per the code.（在显示框中放置文本或图像）标签控件；可以显示文本和位图
• Button:To add a button in your application, this widget（小部件） is used.
• canvas:画布控件；显示图形元素如线条或文本
• bd: to set the border width（边宽） in pixels（像素）.
• bg: to set the normal background color.
• cursor: to set the cursor（光标） used in the canvas.
• highlightcolor: to set the color shown in the focus highlight.
• width: to set the width of the widget.
• height: to set the height of the widget.
• command: to call a function.
• font: to set the font on the button label.（控制字体）
• image: to set the image on the button.
• pack() :It organizes the widgets in blocks before placing in the parent widget.（包装）
• grid() :It organizes the widgets in grid (table-like structure) before placing in the parent widget.（网格）
• place():It organizes the widgets by placing them on specific positions directed by the programmer.；（位置）

# 1.建立窗口
import tkinter
m = tkinter.Tk()
''' 
widgets are added here 
'''
m.mainloop() 

# 2.
import tkinter as tk
root = tk.Tk()
root.title('Counting Seconds')   #窗口的名称
button = tk.Button(root, text='Stop', width=25, command=root.destroy)  #设置按钮
button.pack()   
w =tk.Label(root, text='GeeksForGeeks.org!')
w.pack() 
root.mainloop()

# 3.
from tkinter import *
master = Tk() 
Label(master, text='First Name').grid(row=0) 
Label(master, text='Last Name').grid(row=1) 
e1 = Entry(master) 
e2 = Entry(master) 
e1.grid(row=0, column=1) 
e2.grid(row=1, column=1) 
mainloop() 

3.2 requests（这个方面不太清楚，能模糊理解几个关键词的意思，后面会慢慢补充，此篇博客只是简单运用而已）

requests：它是一个Python第三方库，处理URL资源特别方便

3.3跟着视频实操（一定要动手，适当暂停多次尝试）

 

3.3.1 引入模块（提前下载）

import tkinter as tk
import requests

 

3.3.2 建一个页面，并设置成自己喜欢的大小

import tkinter as tk
import requests

HEIGHT = 400
WIDTH = 500

root = tk.Tk()

canvas = tk.Canvas(root,height=HEIGHT,width=WIDTH)
canvas.pack()
root .title ('my first Python program')

root.mainloop()

 

3.3.3设置按钮/标签/设置颜色等

import tkinter as tk
import requests

HEIGHT = 400
WIDTH = 500

root = tk.Tk()

canvas = tk.Canvas(root,height=HEIGHT,width=WIDTH)
canvas.pack()

root .title ('my first Python program')

frame = tk.Frame(root,bg='#80c1ff',bd=5)  #frame:框架，构架 bd:边宽
frame.place(relx=0.5,rely=0.1,relwidth=0.75,relheight=0.1,anchor='n')  #relx：指与左边距离，rely：与上边的距离

button = tk.Button(frame,text="Get Weather",bg='gray',font=('courier',10),command='')
button.place(relx=0.7,relwidth=0.3,relheight=1) # font：字体及大小，cammand：为命令

root.mainloop()

 

3.3.4 这里将frame与lower_frame对比，体会一下，frame的涵义

import tkinter as tk
import requests

HEIGHT = 400
WIDTH = 500

root = tk.Tk()

canvas = tk.Canvas(root,height=HEIGHT,width=WIDTH)
canvas.pack()

root .title ('my first Python program')

frame = tk.Frame(root,bg='#80c1ff',bd=5)  #frame:框架，构架 bd:边宽
frame.place(relx=0.5,rely=0.1,relwidth=0.75,relheight=0.1,anchor='n')  #relx：指与左边距离，rely：与上边的距离

button = tk.Button(frame,text="Get Weather",bg='gray',font=('courier',10),command='')
button.place(relx=0.7,relwidth=0.3,relheight=1) # font：字体及大小，cammand：为命令

lower_frame = tk.Frame(root,bg='#80c1ff',bd=10)
lower_frame.place(relx=0.5,rely=0.25,relheight=0.6,relwidth=0.75,anchor='n')

lable = tk.Label(lower_frame,font=('courier',15))
lable.place(relwidth=1,relheight=1)

root.mainloop()

 

3.3.5体会Entry

import tkinter as tk
import requests

HEIGHT = 400
WIDTH = 500

root = tk.Tk()

canvas = tk.Canvas(root,height=HEIGHT,width=WIDTH)
canvas.pack()

root .title ('my first Python program')

frame = tk.Frame(root,bg='#80c1ff',bd=5)  #frame:框架，构架 bd:边宽
frame.place(relx=0.5,rely=0.1,relwidth=0.75,relheight=0.1,anchor='n')  #relx：指与左边距离，rely：与上边的距离

entry = tk.Entry(frame,font=40,fg='green')
entry.place(relwidth=0.65,relheight=1)

button = tk.Button(frame,text="Get Weather",bg='gray',font=('courier',10),command='')
button.place(relx=0.7,relwidth=0.3,relheight=1) # font：字体及大小，cammand：为命令

lower_frame = tk.Frame(root,bg='#80c1ff',bd=10)
lower_frame.place(relx=0.5,rely=0.25,relheight=0.6,relwidth=0.75,anchor='n')

lable = tk.Label(lower_frame,font=('courier',15))
lable.place(relwidth=1,relheight=1)

root.mainloop()

 

3.3.6注册openweathermap (前面已经将我遇到的坑交代了，剩下的靠自己了)

       看视屏吧，我传不了截图。。。我太菜。不懂的留言就行

3.3.7

非常重要的事：从注册完之后，就不能抄视频里面的了，因为有变化，而且，要确保能懂点英文，懂点python基础，才能进行接下来的工作。

注意button 那一行的变化，command变化了

import tkinter as tk
import requests

HEIGHT = 400
WIDTH = 500

'''
'''
def get_weather(city):
    weather_key = 'd918307fea274e3a6812dbe2296fb205'
    url = 'http://api.openweathermap.org/data/2.5/forecast'
    params = {'APPID':weather_key,'q':city}
    response = requests.get(url,params=params)
    print(response.json())
   # weather = (response.json())
   # lable['text'] = format_response(weather)


root = tk.Tk()

canvas = tk.Canvas(root,height=HEIGHT,width=WIDTH)
canvas.pack()

root .title ('my first Python program')

frame = tk.Frame(root,bg='#80c1ff',bd=5)  #frame:框架，构架 bd:边宽
frame.place(relx=0.5,rely=0.1,relwidth=0.75,relheight=0.1,anchor='n')  #relx：指与左边距离，rely：与上边的距离

entry = tk.Entry(frame,font=40,fg='green')
entry.place(relwidth=0.65,relheight=1)

button = tk.Button(frame,text="Get Weather",bg='gray',font=('courier',10),command=lambda: get_weather(entry.get()))
button.place(relx=0.7,relwidth=0.3,relheight=1) # font：字体及大小，cammand：为命令

lower_frame = tk.Frame(root,bg='#80c1ff',bd=10)
lower_frame.place(relx=0.5,rely=0.25,relheight=0.6,relwidth=0.75,anchor='n')

lable = tk.Label(lower_frame,font=('courier',15))
lable.place(relwidth=1,relheight=1)

root.mainloop()

 

3.3.8 注意两个函数

import tkinter as tk
import requests

HEIGHT = 400
WIDTH = 500

def format_response(weather):
    try:
        name = weather['city']['name']
        desc = weather['list'][0]['weather'][0]['description']
        temp = weather['list'][0]['main']['temp']

        return ('City:%s \n Conditions:%s \n Temperature(℉):%s \n' %(name,desc,temp))
    except:
        return 'There was a problem \n retrieving that information'



def get_weather(city):
    weather_key = 'd918307fea274e3a6812dbe2296fb205'
    url = 'http://api.openweathermap.org/data/2.5/forecast'
    params = {'APPID':weather_key,'q':city}
    response = requests.get(url,params=params)
    # print(response.json())
    weather = (response.json())
    lable['text'] = format_response(weather)


root = tk.Tk()

canvas = tk.Canvas(root,height=HEIGHT,width=WIDTH)
canvas.pack()

root .title ('my first Python program')

frame = tk.Frame(root,bg='#80c1ff',bd=5)  #frame:框架，构架 bd:边宽
frame.place(relx=0.5,rely=0.1,relwidth=0.75,relheight=0.1,anchor='n')  #relx：指与左边距离，rely：与上边的距离

entry = tk.Entry(frame,font=40,fg='green')
entry.place(relwidth=0.65,relheight=1)

button = tk.Button(frame,text="Get Weather",bg='gray',font=('courier',10),command=lambda: get_weather(entry.get()))
button.place(relx=0.7,relwidth=0.3,relheight=1) # font：字体及大小，cammand：为命令

lower_frame = tk.Frame(root,bg='#80c1ff',bd=10)
lower_frame.place(relx=0.5,rely=0.25,relheight=0.6,relwidth=0.75,anchor='n')

lable = tk.Label(lower_frame,font=('courier',15))
lable.place(relwidth=1,relheight=1)

root.mainloop()

4.第一次代码： 

准备改进的地方：

（1）、添加背景图片，增加更多信息，添加天气等图标

（2) 、理解requests

​import tkinter as tk
import requests

HEIGHT = 400
WIDTH = 500

def format_response(weather):
    try:
        name = weather['city']['name']
        desc = weather['list'][0]['weather'][0]['description']
        temp = weather['list'][0]['main']['temp']

        return ('City:%s \n Conditions:%s \n Temperature(℉):%s \n' %(name,desc,temp))
    except:
        return 'There was a problem \n retrieving that information'



def get_weather(city):
    weather_key = 'd918307fea274e3a6812dbe2296fb205'
    url = 'http://api.openweathermap.org/data/2.5/forecast'
    params = {'APPID':weather_key,'q':city}
    response = requests.get(url,params=params)
    # print(response.json())
    weather = (response.json())
    lable['text'] = format_response(weather)

root = tk.Tk()
canvas = tk.Canvas(root,height=HEIGHT,width=WIDTH)
canvas.pack()

# d918307fea274e3a6812dbe2296fb205
# api.openweathermap.org/data/2.5/forecast?q={city name}&appid={your api key}

'''
background_image = tk.PhotoImage(file=)
background_label = tk.Lable(root,image=background_image)
background_lable.place(relwidth=1,relheight=1)
'''

frame = tk.Frame(root,bg='#80c1ff',bd=5)
frame.place(relx=0.5,rely=0.1,relwidth=0.75,relheight=0.1,anchor='n')

entry = tk.Entry(frame,font=40,fg='green')
entry.place(relwidth=0.65,relheight=1)

button = tk.Button(frame,text="Get Weather",bg='gray',font=('courier',10),command=lambda: get_weather(entry.get()))
button.place(relx=0.7,relwidth=0.3,relheight=1)

lower_frame = tk.Frame(root,bg='#80c1ff',bd=10)
lower_frame.place(relx=0.5,rely=0.25,relheight=0.6,relwidth=0.75,anchor='n')

lable = tk.Label(lower_frame,font=('courier',15))
lable.place(relwidth=1,relheight=1)

root.mainloop()​