Swift-匹配-Matching

enum TrainStatus {

    case OnTime

   case Delayed(minutes: Int)   //关联值:Int 参数名minutes可写可不写

    init(){

       //设置默认值

       self = OnTime

    }

    var desc: String{

       switch self{

       case OnTime:

           return "准时到达"

       case .Delayed(let minutes):

           return "延误了\(minutes)分钟"

       }

    }

}

var status = TrainStatus.Delayed(minutes: 50)

 

//=============================

//

//  逐级匹配

//  先匹配具体值，再匹配关联值

//

//=============================

switchstatus {

case .OnTime:

    println("准时")

case .Delayed(minutes:1):

    println("还行")

case .Delayed(2...10):

    println("合理范围")

case .Delayed(minutes: _):

    println("xxxx")

}

//输出xxxx

 

//更复杂和强大的栗子：

enum VacationStatus {

    case Travelling(Status: TrainStatus)

    case Relaxing(dayleft: Int)

}

var VStatus = VacationStatus.Travelling(Status: TrainStatus.Delayed(minutes: 100))

VStatus = VacationStatus.Relaxing(dayleft: 20)

 

switchVStatus {

case .Travelling(Status:.OnTime) :

    println("OnTime)")

case .Travelling(Status:.Delayed(minutes: 1)) :

    println("Delayed(minutes:1))")

case .Travelling(Status:.Delayed(2...15)) :

    println("Delayed(2...15))")

case .Travelling(Status:.Delayed(_)) :

    println("Delayed(_))")

case .Relaxing(dayleft: 1...30):

    println("dayleft:1...30")

default :

    println("default")

}

 

 

 

//=============================

//

//  类型模式匹配：

//  使用关键字as

//

//=============================

class Car {

    var name = "Car"

    func checkOil(){ println("this is a Car") }

}

class FormulaOne: Car{

    var color = "red"

    func enterPit(){ println("this is aFormulaOne") }

}

class raceCar: FormulaOne{

    func turnTurbo(){ println("this is a raceCar") }

}

func turnUp(car: Car){

    switch car {

    case let f1 as FormulaOne:

       f1.enterPit();

    case let r1 as raceCar:

       r1.turnTurbo();

        fallthrough

    default:

       car.checkOil()

    }

}

var mycar = raceCar() //mycar既满足FormulaOne也满足raceCar,所以优先匹配了FormulaOne

turnUp(mycar) //this is a raceCar

 

 

//=============================

//

//  元祖模式匹配：

//  支持元祖内逐项匹配

//

//=============================

let color = (1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0)//该元祖表示RGB+Alpha

switchcolor {

    case (0.0, 0.5...1.5, let blue, _):

       println("Greenand \(blue * 100)% blue")

    case let (r, g,b, 1.0) wherer==g && g==b:

       println("....")

    default:

       println("****")

}

 

//=============================

//

//  模式匹配混合应用:

//

//=============================

import Foundation

struct State {

    var name: NSString

    var pop: NSNumber

    var abbr: NSString

    init(){

       self.name = ""

       self.pop = 100

       self.abbr = ""

    }

    init(name: NSString,pop: NSNumber, abbr:NSString){

       self.name = name

       self.pop = pop

       self.abbr = abbr

    }

}

 

//未混合的情形,较复杂:

funcstateFromPlist0(list: Dictionary<String, AnyObject>) -> State? { //或者[String:AnyObject]

    var name: NSString?

    var pop: NSNumber?

    var abbr: NSString?

    switch list["name"]{//从key=name开始查找

   case .Some(let listName asNSString):  //.Some表示可选值是有值

       name = listName

    default:

       name = nil

    }

    switch list["population"]{

    case .Some(letlistPop as NSNumber):

       pop = listPop

    default:

       pop = nil

    }

    switch list["abbr"]{

    case .Some(letlistabbr as NSString):

       abbr = listabbr

    default:

       abbr = nil

    }

    return State(name:name!, pop: pop!, abbr: abbr!)

}

 

//在commandline是可以通过的

let dict0 = ["name":"北京","population":2000_0000,"abbr":"京"]

let state0 = stateFromPlist0(dict0)

println("name=\(state0!.name),pop=\(state0!.pop),abbr=\(state0!.abbr)") //name=北京,pop=20000000,abbr=京

 

 

//模式匹配混合:

func stateFromPlist1(list: [String:AnyObject])-> State? {

    switch (list["name"],list["population"],list["abbr"]){

    case (

    .Some(letlistName as NSString),

       .Some(let listPop as NSNumber),

       .Some(let listabbr as NSString))

       where listName == "广州" && listabbr.length == 1:

       return State(name:listName, pop: listPop, abbr: listabbr)

    default:

       return nil

    }

}

stateFromPlist1(

   [   "name":"广州",

        "population":1300_0000,

       "abbr":"粤"

    ])

 

println("name=\(state1!.name),pop=\(state1!.pop),abbr=\(state1!.abbr)") //name=广州,pop=13000000,abbr=粤