Python按照元素顺序合并list

一、普通list合并

将两个或多个list合并，通常最常用的就是直接相加：

    list1 = ["v1-1", "v1-2", "v1-3"]
    list2 = ["v2-1", "v2-2", "v2-3"]
    list3 = ["v3-1", "v3-2"]
    tmp = list1 + list2 + list3
    print(tmp)

相加的结果就是[list1的所有元素， list2的所有元素，list3的所有元素]：

[‘v1-1’, ‘v1-2’, ‘v1-3’, ‘v2-1’, ‘v2-2’, ‘v2-3’, ‘v3-1’, ‘v3-2’]

二、按照元素顺序合并

1. 等长list合并

如果需要按照index逐个插入，也就是：

[‘v1-1’, ‘v2-1’, ‘v1-2’, ‘v2-2’, ‘v1-3’, ‘v2-3’]

上面这种方式是无法实现的，需要用到一个函数zip()

    tmp = list(zip(list1, list2))
    print(tmp)
    merge1 = [t for v in tmp for t in v]
    print(merge1)

上面这段代码的输出是

[(‘v1-1’, ‘v2-1’), (‘v1-2’, ‘v2-2’), (‘v1-3’, ‘v2-3’)]
[‘v1-1’, ‘v2-1’, ‘v1-2’, ‘v2-2’, ‘v1-3’, ‘v2-3’]

zip() 会先将list按照元素顺序变成tuple list，然后再将tuple list转成list就可以了
但是zip() 有一个问题是它是取最小的list的长度，如果将上面的代码改一下

    tmp = list(zip(list1, list2, list3))
    print(tmp)
    merge1 = [t for v in tmp for t in v]
    print(merge1)

结果如下

[(‘v1-1’, ‘v2-1’, ‘v3-1’), (‘v1-2’, ‘v2-2’, ‘v3-2’)]
[‘v1-1’, ‘v2-1’, ‘v3-1’, ‘v1-2’, ‘v2-2’, ‘v3-2’]

可以看到list1，list2的第3个元素并没有在里面，所以如果list长度不同并且需要保留较长list的所有元素的时候这种办法就不适用了

2. 不等长list合并
   也就是：

[‘v1-1’, ‘v2-1’, ‘v3-1’, ‘v1-2’, ‘v2-2’, 'v3-2, ‘v1-3’, ‘v2-3’]

需要用到itertools.chain(), 较短的list元素耗尽之后会用“None"补全tuple的元素

    tmp = list(itertools.zip_longest(list1, list3))
    print(tmp)
    merge1 = [t for v in tmp for t in v if t is not None]
    print(merge1)

结果是

[(‘v1-1’, ‘v3-1’), (‘v1-2’, ‘v3-2’), (‘v1-3’, None)]
[‘v1-1’, ‘v3-1’, ‘v1-2’, ‘v3-2’, ‘v1-3’]

3. 合并dictionary的list值

    dict = {"key1": ["v1-1", "v1-2", "v1-3"], "key2": ["v2-1", "v2-2", "v2-3"], "key3": ["v3-1", "v3-2"]}
    tmp = list(itertools.zip_longest(*dict.values()))
    print(tmp)
    tmp = list(zip(*dict.values()))
    print(tmp)

结果

[(‘v1-1’, ‘v2-1’, ‘v3-1’), (‘v1-2’, ‘v2-2’, ‘v3-2’), (‘v1-3’, ‘v2-3’, None)]
[(‘v1-1’, ‘v2-1’, ‘v3-1’), (‘v1-2’, ‘v2-2’, ‘v3-2’)]

三、将tuple list转成list
上面所用到的 zip()， itertools.chain() 都会先将list转成tuple list，所以最后如果需要元素list的话还需要再转一下，有三种办法可以将其转成list, merge1，2，3分别对应一种：

    tmp = list(zip(list1, list2))
    print(tmp)
    merge1 = [t for v in tmp for t in v]
    print(merge1)
    merge2 = list(sum(tmp, ()))
    print(merge2)
    merge3 = list(itertools.chain(*tmp))
    print(merge3)

    tmp = list(itertools.zip_longest(list1, list2, list3))
    print(tmp)
    merge1 = [t for v in tmp for t in v if t is not None]
    print(merge1)
    merge2 = [v for v in sum(tmp, ()) if v is not None]
    print(merge2)
    merge3 = [v for v in itertools.chain(*tmp) if v is not None]
    print(merge3)

结果如下

[(‘v1-1’, ‘v2-1’), (‘v1-2’, ‘v2-2’), (‘v1-3’, ‘v2-3’)]
[‘v1-1’, ‘v2-1’, ‘v1-2’, ‘v2-2’, ‘v1-3’, ‘v2-3’]
[‘v1-1’, ‘v2-1’, ‘v1-2’, ‘v2-2’, ‘v1-3’, ‘v2-3’]
[‘v1-1’, ‘v2-1’, ‘v1-2’, ‘v2-2’, ‘v1-3’, ‘v2-3’]
[(‘v1-1’, ‘v2-1’, ‘v3-1’), (‘v1-2’, ‘v2-2’, ‘v3-2’), (‘v1-3’, ‘v2-3’, None)]
[‘v1-1’, ‘v2-1’, ‘v3-1’, ‘v1-2’, ‘v2-2’, ‘v3-2’, ‘v1-3’, ‘v2-3’]
[‘v1-1’, ‘v2-1’, ‘v3-1’, ‘v1-2’, ‘v2-2’, ‘v3-2’, ‘v1-3’, ‘v2-3’]
[‘v1-1’, ‘v2-1’, ‘v3-1’, ‘v1-2’, ‘v2-2’, ‘v3-2’, ‘v1-3’, ‘v2-3’]