166. Fraction to Recurring Decimal

注意除法被除数由取余产生，当余数之前出现过的时候最后结果就是循环小数，余数只能小于被除数，所以是有限个，当出现循环或者余数为零，除法就结束了。

public class Solution {
    public String fractionToDecimal(int numerator, int denominator) {
        if (numerator == 0 ) {
            return "0" ;
        }
        StringBuilder res = new StringBuilder();
        // "+" or "-"
        res. append (((numerator > 0 ) ^ (denominator > 0 )) ? "-" : "" );
        long num = Math. abs ((long)numerator);
        long den = Math. abs ((long)denominator);
       
        // integral part
        res. append ( num / den);
        num % = den;
        if ( num == 0 ) {
            return res.toString();
        }
       
        // fractional part
        res. append ( "." );
        HashMap<Long, Integer> map = new HashMap<Long, Integer>();
        map . put ( num , res. length ());
        while ( num != 0 ) {
            num *= 10 ;
            res. append ( num / den);
            num % = den;
            if ( map .containsKey( num )) {
                int index = map . get ( num );
                res.insert(index, "(" );
                res. append ( ")" );
                break ;
            }
            else {
                map . put ( num , res. length ());
            }
        }
        return res.toString();
    }
}