搭建MySQL服务

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最新推荐文章于 2022-11-26 23:09:09 发布

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MySQL服务

关系型数据库介绍
数据结构模型
数据结构模型主要有：

层次模型
网状结构
关系模型
关系模型：
二维关系：row，column

数据库管理系统：DBMS
关系：Relational，RDBMS

RDBMS专业名词
常见的关系型数据库管理系统：

MySQL：MySQL，MariaDB，Percona-Server
PostgreSQL：简称为pgsql
Oracle
MSSQL
事务：多个操作被当作一个整体对待就称为一个事务
要看一个关系型数据库是否支持事务，需要看其是否支持并满足ACID测试
ACID：ACID是事务的一个基本标准

A：Automicity，原子性
C：Consistency，一致性
I：Isolation，隔离性
D：Durability，持久性
如果你对ACID感兴趣，可以查看这里了解详细说明，ACID将不作为我们讲解的重点。

SQL：Structure Query Language，结构化查询语言

约束：constraint，向数据表提供的数据要遵守的限制

主键约束：一个或多个字段的组合，填入的数据必须能在本表中唯一标识本行。且必须提供数据，不能为空（NOT NULL）。
一个表只能存在一个
惟一键约束：一个或多个字段的组合，填入的数据必须能在本表中唯一标识本行。允许为空（NULL）
一个表可以存在多个
外键约束：一个表中的某字段可填入数据取决于另一个表的主键已有的数据
检查性约束
索引：将表中的一个或多个字段中的数据复制一份另存，并且这些数据需要按特定次序排序存储

关系运算：

选择：挑选出符合条件的行（部分行）
投影：挑选出需要的字段
连接
数据抽象方式：

物理层：决定数据的存储格式，即RDBMS在磁盘上如何组织文件
逻辑层：描述DB存储什么数据，以及数据间存在什么样的关系
视图层：描述DB中的部分数据
关系型数据库的常见组件
关系型数据库的常见组件有：

数据库：database
表：table，由行（row）和列（column）组成
索引：index
视图：view
用户：user
权限：privilege
存储过程：procedure
存储函数：function
触发器：trigger
事件调度器：event scheduler
SQL语句
SQL语句有三种类型：

DDL：Data Defination Language，数据定义语言
CREATE：创建
DROP：删除
ALTER：修改
DML：Data Manipulation Language，数据操纵语言
INSERT：向表中插入数据
DELETE：删除表中数据
UPDATE：更新表中数据
SELECT：查询表中数据
DCL：Data Control Language，数据控制语言
GRANT：授权
REVOKE：移除授权

1. 配置mysql的yum源

[root@2 ~]# wget wget http://dev.mysql.com/get/mysql57-community-release-el7-10.noarch.rpm
[root@2 ~]# ls
anaconda-ks.cfg  mysql57-community-release-el7-10.noarch.rpm
[root@2 ~]# rpm -ivh mysql57-community-release-el7-10.noarch.rpm 
warning: mysql57-community-release-el7-10.noarch.rpm: Header V3 DSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID 5072e1f5: NOKEY
Preparing...                          ################################# [100%]
Updating / installing...
   1:mysql57-community-release-el7-10 ################################# [100%]
[root@2 ~]# cd /etc/yum.repos.d/
[root@2 yum.repos.d]# ls
mysql-community.repo  mysql-community-source.repo  redhat.repo  xx.repo

2. 安装mysql5.7

[root@2 yum.repos.d]# yum -y install mysql-community-server mysql-community-client mysql-community-common mysql-community-devel
[root@2 ~]# systemctl start mysqld
[root@2 ~]# systemctl enable mysqld

3. 创建一个以你名字为名的数据库，并创建一张表student，该表包含三个字段（id，name，age）

[root@2 ~]# grep "password" /var/log/mysqld.log 
2019-01-17T11:02:44.387565Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: wwqS;jonS09f
[root@2 ~]# mysql -uroot -p
Enter password: 
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 3
Server version: 5.7.24

Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql> set global validate_password_policy=0;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> set global validate_password_length=1;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'wangqing123!';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> create database zml;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> use zml;
Database changed
mysql> CREATE TABLE student (id int(11),name varchar(100),age tinyint(4) NULL);
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.22 sec)
mysql> desc student;
+-------+--------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| Field | Type         | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+-------+--------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| id    | int(11)      | YES  |     | NULL    |       |
| name  | varchar(100) | YES  |     | NULL    |       |
| age   | tinyint(4)   | YES  |     | NULL    |       |
+-------+--------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
3 rows in set (0.16 sec)

4. 查看下该新建的表有无内容（用select语句）

mysql> select * from student;
Empty set (0.00 sec)

5. 往新建的student表中插入数据（用insert语句）

mysql> insert student VALUES (1,'tom',20),(2,'jerry',23),(3,'wangqing',25),(4,'sean',28),(5,'zhangshan',26),(6,'zhangshan',20),(7,'lisi',NULL),(8,'chenshuo',10),(9,'wangwu',3),(10,'qiuyi',15),(11,'qiuxiaotian',20);
Query OK, 11 rows affected (0.04 sec)
Records: 11  Duplicates: 0  Warnings: 0

mysql> select * from student;                                            
+------+-------------+------+
| id   | name        | age  |
+------+-------------+------+
|    1 | tom         |   20 |
|    2 | jerry       |   23 |
|    3 | wangqing    |   25 |
|    4 | sean        |   28 |
|    5 | zhangshan   |   26 |
|    6 | zhangshan   |   20 |
|    7 | lisi        | NULL |
|    8 | chenshuo    |   10 |
|    9 | wangwu      |    3 |
|   10 | qiuyi       |   15 |
|   11 | qiuxiaotian |   20 |
+------+-------------+------+
11 rows in set (0.00 sec)

6. 修改lisi的年龄为50

mysql> update student set age = 50 where name = 'lisi';
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.80 sec)
Rows matched: 1  Changed: 1  Warnings: 0

mysql> select * from student;                                            
+------+-------------+------+
| id   | name        | age  |
+------+-------------+------+
|    1 | tom         |   20 |
|    2 | jerry       |   23 |
|    3 | wangqing    |   25 |
|    4 | sean        |   28 |
|    5 | zhangshan   |   26 |
|    6 | zhangshan   |   20 |
|    7 | lisi        |   50 |
|    8 | chenshuo    |   10 |
|    9 | wangwu      |    3 |
|   10 | qiuyi       |   15 |
|   11 | qiuxiaotian |   20 |
+------+-------------+------+
11 rows in set (0.00 sec)

7.以age字段降序排序

mysql> select * from student order by age desc;
+------+-------------+------+
| id   | name        | age  |
+------+-------------+------+
|    7 | lisi        |   50 |
|    4 | sean        |   28 |
|    5 | zhangshan   |   26 |
|    3 | wangqing    |   25 |
|    2 | jerry       |   23 |
|    1 | tom         |   20 |
|    6 | zhangshan   |   20 |
|   11 | qiuxiaotian |   20 |
|   10 | qiuyi       |   15 |
|    8 | chenshuo    |   10 |
|    9 | wangwu      |    3 |
+------+-------------+------+
11 rows in set (0.03 sec)

8.查询student表中年龄最小的3位同学

mysql> select * from student order by age limit 3;
+------+----------+------+
| id   | name     | age  |
+------+----------+------+
|    9 | wangwu   |    3 |
|    8 | chenshuo |   10 |
|   10 | qiuyi    |   15 |
+------+----------+------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

9. 查询student表中年龄最大的4位同学

mysql> select * from student order by age desc limit 4;
+------+-----------+------+
| id   | name      | age  |
+------+-----------+------+
|    7 | lisi      |   50 |
|    4 | sean      |   28 |
|    5 | zhangshan |   26 |
|    3 | wangqing  |   25 |
+------+-----------+------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

10. 查询student表中名字叫zhangshan的记录

mysql> select * from student where name = 'zhangshan';
+------+-----------+------+
| id   | name      | age  |
+------+-----------+------+
|    5 | zhangshan |   26 |
|    6 | zhangshan |   20 |
+------+-----------+------+
2 rows in set (0.01 sec)

11. 查询student表中名字叫zhangshan且年龄大于20岁的记录

mysql> select * from student where name = 'zhangshan' and age > 20;
+------+-----------+------+
| id   | name      | age  |
+------+-----------+------+
|    5 | zhangshan |   26 |
+------+-----------+------+
1 row in set (0.02 sec)

12. 查询student表中年龄在23到30之间的记录

mysql> select * from student where age between 23 and 30;
+------+-----------+------+
| id   | name      | age  |
+------+-----------+------+
|    2 | jerry     |   23 |
|    3 | wangqing  |   25 |
|    4 | sean      |   28 |
|    5 | zhangshan |   26 |
+------+-----------+------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

13. 修改wangwu的年龄为100

mysql> update student set age = 100 where name = 'wangwu';
Query OK, 1 row affected (1.34 sec)
Rows matched: 1  Changed: 1  Warnings: 0

mysql> select * from student;
+------+-------------+------+
| id   | name        | age  |
+------+-------------+------+
|    1 | tom         |   20 |
|    2 | jerry       |   23 |
|    3 | wangqing    |   25 |
|    4 | sean        |   28 |
|    5 | zhangshan   |   26 |
|    6 | zhangshan   |   20 |
|    7 | lisi        |   50 |
|    8 | chenshuo    |   10 |
|    9 | wangwu      |  100 |
|   10 | qiuyi       |   15 |
|   11 | qiuxiaotian |   20 |
+------+-------------+------+
11 rows in set (0.00 sec)

14. 删除student中名字叫zhangshan且年龄小于等于20的记录

mysql> delete from student where name = 'zhangshan' and age <= 20;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.06 sec)

mysql> select * from student;
+------+-------------+------+
| id   | name        | age  |
+------+-------------+------+
|    1 | tom         |   20 |
|    2 | jerry       |   23 |
|    3 | wangqing    |   25 |
|    4 | sean        |   28 |
|    5 | zhangshan   |   26 |
|    7 | lisi        |   50 |
|    8 | chenshuo    |   10 |
|    9 | wangwu      |  100 |
|   10 | qiuyi       |   15 |
|   11 | qiuxiaotian |   20 |
+------+-------------+------+
10 rows in set (0.00 sec)