IOS的URLEncoder

最新推荐文章于 2023-09-11 09:00:00 发布

转载最新推荐文章于 2023-09-11 09:00:00 发布 · 1.2k 阅读

本文介绍了如何正确处理URL中的中文和特殊字符，包括使用NSString的方法stringByAddingPercentEscapesUsingEncoding进行基本编码，以及通过CFURLCreateStringByAddingPercentEscapes实现更全面的URL编码。

在使用JSON解析请求服务器端的服务时，需要提供一个请求的URL，这个URL在有些时候需要传递一些参数。当这些参数是英文或数字就不会出现什么问题，如果是中文的话会出现请求不成功的情况。

- (NSString *)stringByAddingPercentEscapesUsingEncoding:(NSStringEncoding)encoding
- (NSString *)stringByReplacingPercentEscapesUsingEncoding:(NSStringEncoding)encoding

[plain]
NSString *urlString = @"http://······.aspx?n=张三";
urlString = [urlString stringByAddingPercentEscapesUsingEncoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding];
NSURL *url = [NSURL urlWithString:urlString];

2、还有一种常见的问题，就是特殊字符的问题。
    以下是一些特殊字符的ASII（16进制编码）

+ URL中+表示空格 %2B
空格 URL中的空格可以用+或者编码%20
/ 分隔目录和子目录   %2F
? 分隔实际的URL和参数 %3F
% 制定特殊字符 %25
# 表示书签 %23
& URL中指定的参数间的分隔符 %26
=   URL中指定参数的值 %3D

以空格为例

[plain]
NSString *urlString = @"http://······.aspx?t=2012/9/1 20:00:30";
urlString = [urlString replaceOccurrencesOfString:@" " withString:@"%20"];

这样就可以了，服务那段接受的时候就会正确的接收到空格了。

NSString* string1 = @"https://www.cloudsafe.com/文件夹";
NSString* string2 = [string1 stringByAddingPercentEscapesUsingEncoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding];
NSString* string3 = [string2 stringByAddingPercentEscapesUsingEncoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding];
NSString* string4 = [string2 stringByReplacingPercentEscapesUsingEncoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding];
NSString* string5 = [string3 stringByReplacingPercentEscapesUsingEncoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding];
NSString* string6 = [string4 stringByReplacingPercentEscapesUsingEncoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding];
NSString* string7 = [string5 stringByReplacingPercentEscapesUsingEncoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding];
输出结果: string5 & 6 重复编码encode
string1:https://www.cloudsafe.com/文件夹
string2:https://www.cloudsafe.com/%E6%96%87%E4%BB%B6%E5%A4%B9
string3:https://www.cloudsafe.com/%25E6%2596%2587%25E4%25BB%25B6%25E5%25A4%25B9
string4:https://www.cloudsafe.com/文件夹
string5:https://www.cloudsafe.com/%E6%96%87%E4%BB%B6%E5%A4%B9
string6:https://www.cloudsafe.com/文件夹
string7:https://www.cloudsafe.com/文件夹

NSString 的 stringByAddingPercentEscapesUsingEncoding 可以对 url 参数进行编码，但是有点小问题，不会对所有需要编码的字符都编码。我们可以通过 CFStringRef 的

CFURLCreateStringByAddingPercentEscapes 函数来封装这个功能。代码如下：

[cpp] view plain copy print ?

- (NSString *)encodeToPercentEscapeString: (NSString *) input
{
// Encode all the reserved characters, per RFC 3986
// (<http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3986.txt>)
NSString *outputStr = (NSString *)
CFURLCreateStringByAddingPercentEscapes(kCFAllocatorDefault,
(CFStringRef)input,
NULL,
(CFStringRef)@"!*'();:@&=+$,/?%#[]",
kCFStringEncodingUTF8);
return outputStr;
}
- (NSString *)decodeFromPercentEscapeString: (NSString *) input
{
NSMutableString *outputStr = [NSMutableString stringWithString:input];
[outputStr replaceOccurrencesOfString:@"+"
withString:@" "
options:NSLiteralSearch
range:NSMakeRange(0, [outputStr length])];
return [outputStr stringByReplacingPercentEscapesUsingEncoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding];
}

测试代码：

[cpp] view plain copy print ?

NSString * testUrl = @"http://search.google.com?keywords=($# it's {a*123})00!*'();:@&=+$,/?%#[]";
NSLog(@"original: %@", testUrl);
NSString * encodeStr = [self encodeToPercentEscapeString:testUrl];
NSLog(@"encoded: %@", encodeStr);
NSString * encodeStr2 = [testUrl stringByAddingPercentEscapesUsingEncoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding];
NSLog(@"encoded2:%@", encodeStr2);
NSString * decodeStr = [self decodeFromPercentEscapeString:encodeStr];
NSLog(@"decoded: %@", decodeStr);

结果如下：

[cpp] view plain copy print ?

>> original: http://search.google.com?keywords=($# it's {a*123})00!*'();:@&=+$,/?%#[]
>> encoded: http%3A%2F%2Fsearch.google.com%3Fkeywords%3D%28%24%23%20it%27s%20%7Ba%2A123%7D%2900%21%2A%27%28%29%3B%3A%40%26%3D%2B%24%2C%2F%3F%25%23%5B%5D
>> encoded2: http://search.google.com?keywords=($%23%20it's%20%7Ba*123%7D)00!*'();:@&=+$,/?%25%23%5B%5D
>> decoded: http://search.google.com?keywords=($# it's {a*123})00!*'();:@&=+$,/?%#[]