java中字符串以小数点作为分…

原文地址：java中字符串以小数点作为分隔符问题 作者：行云流水

    在做项目过程中，以前处理字符串时，总是以一些常见的符号作为分隔符，没遇到什么问题。最近在处理用户登录过滤IP时，才发现 用小数点作为分隔符有问题，无法实现想要的效果。代码如下：

String ip = "192.168.1.1";

String[] ips = ip.split(".");// 我们经常用 分号，逗号，顿号以及其他一些符号 都很正常

刚开始以为是split方法对此有特殊要求，小数点有特殊用途，不能作为分隔符。最后查询了下 jdk api才发现 不是split方法的问题。是模式匹配的事。

    我们在调用split(".")方法时，程序都会以中间符号作为模式匹配的字符。例如 ：ip.split(".")时，程序会用“.”在ip中进行匹配。但是在 Pattern 类中方法中，有些符号有特殊定义。例如：小数点“.”代表匹配的是任意字符，而不是小数点了。这些我们在正则表达式中 经常遇到。如果想使用小数点 必须加上“\”

String[] ips = ip.split("\."); 就能达到想要的效果了。以小数点作为分隔符。

 

下面贴出的是 Pattern类中的一些 特殊字符。大家可以参考下，以便以后学习

Construct	Matches
Characters
x	The character x
\	The backslash character
n	The character with octal value 0n (0 <= n <= 7)
nn	The character with octal value 0nn (0 <= n <= 7)
mnn	The character with octal value 0mnn (0 <= m <= 3, 0 <= n <= 7)
xhh	The character with hexadecimal value 0xhh
uhhhh	The character with hexadecimal value 0xhhhh
t	The tab character ('u0009')
n	The newline (line feed) character ('u000A')
r	The carriage-return character ('u000D')
f	The form-feed character ('u000C')
a	The alert (bell) character ('u0007')
e	The escape character ('u001B')
cx	The control character corresponding to x
Character classes
[abc]	a, b, or c (simple class)
[^abc]	Any character except a, b, or c (negation)
[a-zA-Z]	a through z or A through Z, inclusive (range)
[a-d[m-p]]	a through d, or m through p: [a-dm-p] (union)
[a-z&&[def]]	d, e, or f (intersection)
[a-z&&[^bc]]	a through z, except for b and c: [ad-z] (subtraction)
[a-z&&[^m-p]]	a through z, and not m through p: [a-lq-z](subtraction)
Predefined character classes
.	Any character (may or may not match line terminators)
d	A digit: [0-9]
D	A non-digit: [^0-9]
s	A whitespace character: [ tnx0Bfr]
S	A non-whitespace character: [^s]
w	A word character: [a-zA-Z_0-9]
W	A non-word character: [^w]
POSIX character classes (US-ASCII only)
p{Lower}	A lower-case alphabetic character: [a-z]
p{Upper}	An upper-case alphabetic character:[A-Z]
p{ASCII}	All ASCII:[x00-x7F]
p{Alpha}	An alphabetic character:[p{Lower}p{Upper}]
p{Digit}	A decimal digit: [0-9]
p{Alnum}	An alphanumeric character:[p{Alpha}p{Digit}]
p{Punct}	Punctuation: One of !"#$%&'()*+,-./:;<=>?@[]^_`{|}~
p{Graph}	A visible character: [p{Alnum}p{Punct}]
p{Print}	A printable character: [p{Graph}x20]
p{Blank}	A space or a tab: [ t]
p{Cntrl}	A control character: [x00-x1Fx7F]
p{XDigit}	A hexadecimal digit: [0-9a-fA-F]
p{Space}	A whitespace character: [ tnx0Bfr]
java.lang.Character classes (simple java character type)
p{javaLowerCase}	Equivalent to java.lang.Character.isLowerCase()
p{javaUpperCase}	Equivalent to java.lang.Character.isUpperCase()
p{javaWhitespace}	Equivalent to java.lang.Character.isWhitespace()
p{javaMirrored}	Equivalent to java.lang.Character.isMirrored()
Classes for Unicode blocks and categories
p{InGreek}	A character in the Greek block (simple block)
p{Lu}	An uppercase letter (simple category)
p{Sc}	A currency symbol
P{InGreek}	Any character except one in the Greek block (negation)
[p{L}&&[^p{Lu}]]	Any letter except an uppercase letter (subtraction)
Boundary matchers
^	The beginning of a line
$	The end of a line
b	A word boundary
B	A non-word boundary
A	The beginning of the input
G	The end of the previous match
Z	The end of the input but for the final terminator, if any
z	The end of the input
Greedy quantifiers
X?	X, once or not at all
X*	X, zero or more times
X+	X, one or more times
X{n}	X, exactly n times
X{n,}	X, at least n times
X{n,m}	X, at least n but not more than m times
Reluctant quantifiers
X??	X, once or not at all
X*?	X, zero or more times
X+?	X, one or more times
X{n}?	X, exactly n times
X{n,}?	X, at least n times
X{n,m}?	X, at least n but not more than m times
Possessive quantifiers
X?+	X, once or not at all
X*+	X, zero or more times
X++	X, one or more times
X{n}+	X, exactly n times
X{n,}+	X, at least n times
X{n,m}+	X, at least n but not more than m times
Logical operators
XY	X followed by Y
X|Y	Either X or Y
(X)	X, as a capturing group
Back references
n	Whatever the nth capturing group matched
Quotation
	Nothing, but quotes the following character
Q	Nothing, but quotes all characters until E
E	Nothing, but ends quoting started by Q
Special constructs (non-capturing)
(?:X)	X, as a non-capturing group
(?idmsux-idmsux)	Nothing, but turns match flags i d m s u x on - off
(?idmsux-idmsux:X)	X, as a non-capturing group with the given flags i d m s u x on - off
(?=X)	X, via zero-width positive lookahead
(?!X)	X, via zero-width negative lookahead
(?<=X)	X, via zero-width positive lookbehind
(?<!X)	X, via zero-width negative lookbehind
(?>X)	X, as an independent, non-capturing group

Construct	Matches
Characters
x	The character x
\	The backslash character
n	The character with octal value 0n (0 <= n <= 7)
nn	The character with octal value 0nn (0 <= n <= 7)
mnn	The character with octal value 0mnn (0 <= m <= 3, 0 <= n <= 7)
xhh	The character with hexadecimal value 0xhh
uhhhh	The character with hexadecimal value 0xhhhh
t	The tab character ('u0009')
n	The newline (line feed) character ('u000A')
r	The carriage-return character ('u000D')
f	The form-feed character ('u000C')
a	The alert (bell) character ('u0007')
e	The escape character ('u001B')
cx	The control character corresponding to x
Character classes
[abc]	a, b, or c (simple class)
[^abc]	Any character except a, b, or c (negation)
[a-zA-Z]	a through z or A through Z, inclusive (range)
[a-d[m-p]]	a through d, or m through p: [a-dm-p] (union)
[a-z&&[def]]	d, e, or f (intersection)
[a-z&&[^bc]]	a through z, except for b and c: [ad-z] (subtraction)
[a-z&&[^m-p]]	a through z, and not m through p: [a-lq-z](subtraction)
Predefined character classes
.	Any character (may or may not match line terminators)
d	A digit: [0-9]
D	A non-digit: [^0-9]
s	A whitespace character: [ tnx0Bfr]
S	A non-whitespace character: [^s]
w	A word character: [a-zA-Z_0-9]
W	A non-word character: [^w]
POSIX character classes (US-ASCII only)
p{Lower}	A lower-case alphabetic character: [a-z]
p{Upper}	An upper-case alphabetic character:[A-Z]
p{ASCII}	All ASCII:[x00-x7F]
p{Alpha}	An alphabetic character:[p{Lower}p{Upper}]
p{Digit}	A decimal digit: [0-9]
p{Alnum}	An alphanumeric character:[p{Alpha}p{Digit}]
p{Punct}	Punctuation: One of !"#$%&'()*+,-./:;<=>?@[]^_`{|}~
p{Graph}	A visible character: [p{Alnum}p{Punct}]
p{Print}	A printable character: [p{Graph}x20]
p{Blank}	A space or a tab: [ t]
p{Cntrl}	A control character: [x00-x1Fx7F]
p{XDigit}	A hexadecimal digit: [0-9a-fA-F]
p{Space}	A whitespace character: [ tnx0Bfr]
java.lang.Character classes (simple java character type)
p{javaLowerCase}	Equivalent to java.lang.Character.isLowerCase()
p{javaUpperCase}	Equivalent to java.lang.Character.isUpperCase()
p{javaWhitespace}	Equivalent to java.lang.Character.isWhitespace()
p{javaMirrored}	Equivalent to java.lang.Character.isMirrored()
Classes for Unicode blocks and categories
p{InGreek}	A character in the Greek block (simple block)
p{Lu}	An uppercase letter (simple category)
p{Sc}	A currency symbol
P{InGreek}	Any character except one in the Greek block (negation)
[p{L}&&[^p{Lu}]]	Any letter except an uppercase letter (subtraction)
Boundary matchers
^	The beginning of a line
$	The end of a line
b	A word boundary
B	A non-word boundary
A	The beginning of the input
G	The end of the previous match
Z	The end of the input but for the final terminator, if any
z	The end of the input
Greedy quantifiers
X?	X, once or not at all
X*	X, zero or more times
X+	X, one or more times
X{n}	X, exactly n times
X{n,}	X, at least n times
X{n,m}	X, at least n but not more than m times
Reluctant quantifiers
X??	X, once or not at all
X*?	X, zero or more times
X+?	X, one or more times
X{n}?	X, exactly n times
X{n,}?	X, at least n times
X{n,m}?	X, at least n but not more than m times
Possessive quantifiers
X?+	X, once or not at all
X*+	X, zero or more times
X++	X, one or more times
X{n}+	X, exactly n times
X{n,}+	X, at least n times
X{n,m}+	X, at least n but not more than m times
Logical operators
XY	X followed by Y
X|Y	Either X or Y
(X)	X, as a capturing group
Back references
n	Whatever the nth capturing group matched
Quotation
	Nothing, but quotes the following character
Q	Nothing, but quotes all characters until E
E	Nothing, but ends quoting started by Q
Special constructs (non-capturing)
(?:X)	X, as a non-capturing group
(?idmsux-idmsux)	Nothing, but turns match flags i d m s u x on - off
(?idmsux-idmsux:X)	X, as a non-capturing group with the given flags i d m s u x on - off
(?=X)	X, via zero-width positive lookahead
(?!X)	X, via zero-width negative lookahead
(?<=X)	X, via zero-width positive lookbehind
(?<!X)	X, via zero-width negative lookbehind
(?>X)	X, as an independent, non-capturing group

Construct	Matches
Characters
x	The character x
\	The backslash character
n	The character with octal value 0n (0 <= n <= 7)
nn	The character with octal value 0nn (0 <= n <= 7)
mnn	The character with octal value 0mnn (0 <= m <= 3, 0 <= n <= 7)
xhh	The character with hexadecimal value 0xhh
uhhhh	The character with hexadecimal value 0xhhhh
t	The tab character ('u0009')
n	The newline (line feed) character ('u000A')
r	The carriage-return character ('u000D')
f	The form-feed character ('u000C')
a	The alert (bell) character ('u0007')
e	The escape character ('u001B')
cx	The control character corresponding to x
Character classes
[abc]	a, b, or c (simple class)
[^abc]	Any character except a, b, or c (negation)
[a-zA-Z]	a through z or A through Z, inclusive (range)
[a-d[m-p]]	a through d, or m through p: [a-dm-p] (union)
[a-z&&[def]]	d, e, or f (intersection)
[a-z&&[^bc]]	a through z, except for b and c: [ad-z] (subtraction)
[a-z&&[^m-p]]	a through z, and not m through p: [a-lq-z](subtraction)
Predefined character classes
.	Any character (may or may not match line terminators)
d	A digit: [0-9]
D	A non-digit: [^0-9]
s	A whitespace character: [ tnx0Bfr]
S	A non-whitespace character: [^s]
w	A word character: [a-zA-Z_0-9]
W	A non-word character: [^w]
POSIX character classes (US-ASCII only)
p{Lower}	A lower-case alphabetic character: [a-z]
p{Upper}	An upper-case alphabetic character:[A-Z]
p{ASCII}	All ASCII:[x00-x7F]
p{Alpha}	An alphabetic character:[p{Lower}p{Upper}]
p{Digit}	A decimal digit: [0-9]
p{Alnum}	An alphanumeric character:[p{Alpha}p{Digit}]
p{Punct}	Punctuation: One of !"#$%&'()*+,-./:;<=>?@[]^_`{|}~
p{Graph}	A visible character: [p{Alnum}p{Punct}]
p{Print}	A printable character: [p{Graph}x20]
p{Blank}	A space or a tab: [ t]
p{Cntrl}	A control character: [x00-x1Fx7F]
p{XDigit}	A hexadecimal digit: [0-9a-fA-F]
p{Space}	A whitespace character: [ tnx0Bfr]
java.lang.Character classes (simple java character type)
p{javaLowerCase}	Equivalent to java.lang.Character.isLowerCase()
p{javaUpperCase}	Equivalent to java.lang.Character.isUpperCase()
p{javaWhitespace}	Equivalent to java.lang.Character.isWhitespace()
p{javaMirrored}	Equivalent to java.lang.Character.isMirrored()
Classes for Unicode blocks and categories
p{InGreek}	A character in the Greek block (simple block)
p{Lu}	An uppercase letter (simple category)
p{Sc}	A currency symbol
P{InGreek}	Any character except one in the Greek block (negation)
[p{L}&&[^p{Lu}]]	Any letter except an uppercase letter (subtraction)
Boundary matchers
^	The beginning of a line
$	The end of a line
b	A word boundary
B	A non-word boundary
A	The beginning of the input
G	The end of the previous match
Z	The end of the input but for the final terminator, if any
z	The end of the input
Greedy quantifiers
X?	X, once or not at all
X*	X, zero or more times
X+	X, one or more times
X{n}	X, exactly n times
X{n,}	X, at least n times
X{n,m}	X, at least n but not more than m times
Reluctant quantifiers
X??	X, once or not at all
X*?	X, zero or more times
X+?	X, one or more times
X{n}?	X, exactly n times
X{n,}?	X, at least n times
X{n,m}?	X, at least n but not more than m times
Possessive quantifiers
X?+	X, once or not at all
X*+	X, zero or more times
X++	X, one or more times
X{n}+	X, exactly n times
X{n,}+	X, at least n times
X{n,m}+	X, at least n but not more than m times
Logical operators
XY	X followed by Y
X|Y	Either X or Y
(X)	X, as a capturing group
Back references
n	Whatever the nth capturing group matched
Quotation
	Nothing, but quotes the following character
Q	Nothing, but quotes all characters until E
E	Nothing, but ends quoting started by Q
Special constructs (non-capturing)
(?:X)	X, as a non-capturing group
(?idmsux-idmsux)	Nothing, but turns match flags i d m s u x on - off
(?idmsux-idmsux:X)	X, as a non-capturing group with the given flags i d m s u x on - off
(?=X)	X, via zero-width positive lookahead
(?!X)	X, via zero-width negative lookahead
(?<=X)	X, via zero-width positive lookbehind
(?<!X)	X, via zero-width negative lookbehind
(?>X)	X, as an independent, non-capturing group

Construct	Matches
Characters
x	The character x
\	The backslash character
n	The character with octal value 0n (0 <= n <= 7)
nn	The character with octal value 0nn (0 <= n <= 7)
mnn	The character with octal value 0mnn (0 <= m <= 3, 0 <= n <= 7)
xhh	The character with hexadecimal value 0xhh
uhhhh	The character with hexadecimal value 0xhhhh
t	The tab character ('u0009')
n	The newline (line feed) character ('u000A')
r	The carriage-return character ('u000D')
f	The form-feed character ('u000C')
a	The alert (bell) character ('u0007')
e	The escape character ('u001B')
cx	The control character corresponding to x
Character classes
[abc]	a, b, or c (simple class)
[^abc]	Any character except a, b, or c (negation)
[a-zA-Z]	a through z or A through Z, inclusive (range)
[a-d[m-p]]	a through d, or m through p: [a-dm-p] (union)
[a-z&&[def]]	d, e, or f (intersection)
[a-z&&[^bc]]	a through z, except for b and c: [ad-z] (subtraction)
[a-z&&[^m-p]]	a through z, and not m through p: [a-lq-z](subtraction)

Construct	Matches
Characters
x	The character x
\	The backslash character
n	The character with octal value 0n (0 <= n <= 7)
nn	The character with octal value 0nn (0 <= n <= 7)
mnn	The character with octal value 0mnn (0 <= m <= 3, 0 <= n <= 7)
xhh	The character with hexadecimal value 0xhh
uhhhh	The character with hexadecimal value 0xhhhh
t	The tab character ('u0009')
n	The newline (line feed) character ('u000A')
r	The carriage-return character ('u000D')
f	The form-feed character ('u000C')
a	The alert (bell) character ('u0007')
e	The escape character ('u001B')
cx	The control character corresponding to x
Character classes
[abc]	a, b, or c (simple class)
[^abc]	Any character except a, b, or c (negation)
[a-zA-Z]	a through z or A through Z, inclusive (range)
[a-d[m-p]]	a through d, or m through p: [a-dm-p] (union)
[a-z&&[def]]	d, e, or f (intersection)
[a-z&&[^bc]]	a through z, except for b and c: [ad-z] (subtraction)
[a-z&&[^m-p]]	a through z, and not m through p: [a-lq-z](subtraction)

Construct    Matches  【匹配】
Characters
x                      The character x
\                      The backslash character
n                  The character with octal value 0n (0 <= n <= 7)
nn                The character with octal value 0nn (0 <= n <= 7)
mnn              The character with octal value 0mnn (0 <= m <= 3, 0 <= n <= 7)
xhh                The character with hexadecimal value 0xhh
uhhhh            The character with hexadecimal value 0xhhhh
t                    The tab character ('u0009')
n                      The newline (line feed) character ('u000A')
r                      The carriage-return character ('u000D')
f                    The form-feed character ('u000C')
a                    The alert (bell) character ('u0007')
e                    The escape character ('u001B')
cx                  The control character corresponding to x
 
Character classes
[abc]        a, b, or c (simple class)
[^abc]      Any character except a, b, or c (negation)
[a-zA-Z]          a through z or A through Z, inclusive (range)
[a-d[m-p]]        a through d, or m through p: [a-dm-p] (union)
[a-z&&[def]]      d, e, or f (intersection)
[a-z&&[^bc]]      a through z, except for b and c: [ad-z] (subtraction)
[a-z&&[^m-p]]        a through z, and not m through p: [a-lq-z](subtraction)
 
Predefined character classes
.        Any character (may or may not match line terminators) 【如何字符】
d      A digit: [0-9]
D      A non-digit: [^0-9]
s      A whitespace character: [ tnx0Bfr]
S      A non-whitespace character: [^s]
w      A word character: [a-zA-Z_0-9]
W      A non-word character: [^w]
 
POSIX character classes (US-ASCII only)
p{Lower}      A lower-case alphabetic character: [a-z]
p{Upper}      An upper-case alphabetic character:[A-Z]
p{ASCII}      All ASCII:[x00-x7F]
p{Alpha}      An alphabetic character:[p{Lower}p{Upper}]
p{Digit}      A decimal digit: [0-9]
p{Alnum}      An alphanumeric character:[p{Alpha}p{Digit}]
p{Punct}      Punctuation: One of !"#$%&'()*+,-./:;<=>?@[]^_`{|}~
p{Graph}      A visible character: [p{Alnum}p{Punct}]
p{Print}      A printable character: [p{Graph}x20]
p{Blank}      A space or a tab: [ t]
p{Cntrl}      A control character: [x00-x1Fx7F]
p{XDigit}    A hexadecimal digit: [0-9a-fA-F]
p{Space}      A whitespace character: [ tnx0Bfr]
 
java.lang.Character classes (simple java character type)
p{javaLowerCase}    Equivalent to java.lang.Character.isLowerCase()
p{javaUpperCase}    Equivalent to java.lang.Character.isUpperCase()
p{javaWhitespace}    Equivalent to java.lang.Character.isWhitespace()
p{javaMirrored}    Equivalent to java.lang.Character.isMirrored()
 
Classes for Unicode blocks and categories
p{InGreek}      A character in the Greek block (simple block)
p{Lu}                An uppercase letter (simple category)
p{Sc}                A currency symbol
P{InGreek}      Any character except one in the Greek block (negation)
[p{L}&&[^p{Lu}]]  Any letter except an uppercase letter (subtraction)
 
Boundary matchers
^ The beginning of a line
$ The end of a line
b A word boundary
B A non-word boundary
A The beginning of the input
G The end of the previous match
Z The end of the input but for the final terminator, if any
z The end of the input
 
Greedy quantifiers
X?        X,once or not at all
X*        X, zero or more times
X+        X,one or more times
X{n}    X,exactly n times
X{n,}  X,at least n times
X{n,m} X,at least n but not more than m times
 
Reluctant quantifiers
X??      X, once or not at all
X*?      X, zero or more times
X+?      X, one or more times
X{n}?      X, exactly n times
X{n,}?      X, at least n times
X{n,m}?      X, at least n but not more than m times
 
Possessive quantifiers
X?+      X, once or not at all
X*+      X, zero or more times
X++      X, one or more times
X{n}+      X, exactly n times
X{n,}+      X, at least n times
X{n,m}+      X, at least n but not more than m times
 
Logical operators
XY X followed by Y
X|Y Either X or Y
(X) X, as a capturing group
 
Back references
n Whatever the nth capturing group matched
 
Quotation
Nothing, but quotes the following character
Q Nothing, but quotes all characters until E
E Nothing, but ends quoting started by Q
 
Special constructs (non-capturing)
(?:X)  X, as a non-capturing group
(?idmsux-idmsux)  Nothing, but turns match flags i d m s u x on - off
(?idmsux-idmsux:X)    X, as a non-capturing group with the given flags i d m s u x on - off
(?=X)    X, via zero-width positive lookahead
(?!X)    X, via zero-width negative lookahead
(?<=X)    X, via zero-width positive lookbehind
(?<!X)   X, via zero-width negative lookbehind
(?>X)  X, as an independent, non-capturing group