Linux系统安装软件和服务

Linux系统安装软件和服务

1. 包管理工具

   • yum

     查找：yum search

     安装：yum install -y

     卸载：yum erase -y

     更新：yum update

     查看信息：yum info

     查看已安装的软件包：yum list installed

   • rpm

     安装：rpm -ivh

     查找：rpm -qa | grep

     卸载：rpm -e

2. 源代码构建安装

   yum install -y gcc

​ 下载源代码：

​ wget 地址

​ 解压缩归档

​ tar -zxf

​ 进入代码目录

​ cd 目录

​ 构建和安装

​ make && make install

​ 检查

​ 软件名 --version

3. 直接下载二进制程序

   解压缩后解归档后直接使用

Web服务器（网站服务器）—> Nginx / Apache

​ 安装：yum install -y nginx
​ 启动：systemctl start nginx
​ 停止：systemctl stop nginx
​ 重启：systemctl restart nginx
​ 状态：systemctl status nginx
​ 开机自启：systemctl enable nginx
​ 禁用自启：systemctl disable nginx

数据库服务器 —> MySQL

​ yum list installed | grep mariadb
​ yum erase -y mariadb-libs
​ rpm -ivh mysql-community-common-5.7.31-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
​ rpm -ivh mysql-community-libs-5.7.31-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
​ rpm -ivh mysql-community-libs-compat-5.7.31-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
​ rpm -ivh mysql-community-devel-5.7.31-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
​ rpm -ivh mysql-community-client-5.7.31-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
​ yum install -y libaio
​ rpm -ivh mysql-community-server-5.7.31-1.el7.x86_64.rpm

移除安装的MySQL：
rpm -qa | grep mysql | xargs rpm -e

安装Git（版本控制工具）

下载源代码：
wget https://mirrors.edge.kernel.org/pub/software/scm/git/git-2.28.0.tar.gz
解压缩和解归档
gunzip git-2.28.0.tar.gz
tar -xf git-2.28.0.tar
进入git源代码目录
cd git-2.28.0
补充依赖项
yum install -y libcurl libcurl-devel zlib zlib-devel
安装前的配置（配置安装路径）
./configure --prefix=/usr/local
构建和安装
make && make install
检查
git --version

源代码构建安装Python3

1. 补充依赖项
   yum install -y zlib-devel bzip2-devel openssl-devel ncurses-devel sqlite-devel readline-devel tk-devel gdbm-devel libdb4-devel libpcap-devel xz-devel libffi-devel
2. 下载源代码：
   wget https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.7.9/Python-3.7.9.tar.xz
3. 验证MD5摘要（签名）
   md5sum Python-3.7.9.tar.xz
4. 解压缩和解归档
   xz -d Python-3.7.9.tar.xz
   tar -xf Python-3.7.9.tar
5. 进入文件夹
   cd Python-3.7.9
6. 安装前的准备工作
   ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/python37 --enable-optimizations
7. 构建和安装
   make && make install
8. 配置PATH环境变量
   eport PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/python37/bin
9. 检查
   python3 --version
   python3 -V