linux源码分析：__user __kernel宏

__user宏出现的地方有三处，__kernel宏有两处，但都挨着

静态检查

/ include / linux / compiler_types.h

#ifdef __CHECKER__
/* address spaces */
# define __kernel	__attribute__((address_space(0)))
# define __user		__attribute__((noderef, address_space(__user)))

这个__CHECKER__宏专门给sparse用的，sparse是一个静态检验代码的工具，这就是个标记用的。
demo

# define __user		__attribute__((noderef, address_space(__user)))
# define __kernel		__attribute__((noderef, address_space(0)))

int add(char __user *d){
    return 0;
}
int main(){
	char __user * d;
    add(d);
    return 0;
}

如果这样写，运行结果如下

pipishuo@pipishuo-OMEN-by-HP-Laptop-16-b0xxx:~/Desktop/knowledge/technology/_user$ sparse main.c 
main.c:7:10: warning: non-ANSI function declaration of function 'main'
main.c:4:5: warning: symbol 'add' was not declared. Should it be static?
pipishuo@pipishuo-OMEN-by-HP-Laptop-16-b0xxx:~/Desktop/knowledge/technology/_user$ make
gcc main.c
main.c:4:1: warning: ‘noderef’ attribute directive ignored [-Wattributes]
    4 | int add(char __user *d){
      | ^~~
main.c:4:1: warning: ‘address_space’ attribute directive ignored [-Wattributes]
main.c: In function ‘main’:
main.c:8:9: warning: ‘noderef’ attribute directive ignored [-Wattributes]
    8 |         char __user * d;
      |         ^~~~
main.c:8:9: warning: ‘address_space’ attribute directive ignored [-Wattributes]
./a.out

没啥事儿,也能编译过去。

demo

# define __user		__attribute__((noderef, address_space(__user)))
# define __kernel		__attribute__((noderef, address_space(0)))

int add(char *d){
    return 0;
}
int main(){
	char __user * d;
    add(d);
    return 0;
}

运行结果

pipishuo@pipishuo-OMEN-by-HP-Laptop-16-b0xxx:~/Desktop/knowledge/technology/_user$ sparse main.c 
main.c:7:10: warning: non-ANSI function declaration of function 'main'
main.c:4:5: warning: symbol 'add' was not declared. Should it be static?
main.c:9:9: warning: incorrect type in argument 1 (different address spaces)
main.c:9:9:    expected char *d
main.c:9:9:    got char [noderef] __user *d
pipishuo@pipishuo-OMEN-by-HP-Laptop-16-b0xxx:~/Desktop/knowledge/technology/_user$ make
gcc main.c
main.c: In function ‘main’:
main.c:8:9: warning: ‘noderef’ attribute directive ignored [-Wattributes]
    8 |         char __user * d;
      |         ^~~~
main.c:8:9: warning: ‘address_space’ attribute directive ignored [-Wattributes]
./a.out

看到了吧

main.c:9:9: warning: incorrect type in argument 1 (different address spaces)
main.c:9:9:    expected char *d
main.c:9:9:    got char [noderef] __user *d

他说这不是正确的类型，因为你实参加了形参没加，但也能编译过去。

demo2

# define __user		__attribute__((noderef, address_space(__user)))
# define __kernel		__attribute__((noderef, address_space(0)))

int add(char __kernel *d){
    return 0;
}
int main(){
	char __user * d;
    add(d);
    return 0;
}

运行结果

pipishuo@pipishuo-OMEN-by-HP-Laptop-16-b0xxx:~/Desktop/knowledge/technology/_user$ sparse main.c 
main.c:7:10: warning: non-ANSI function declaration of function 'main'
main.c:4:5: warning: symbol 'add' was not declared. Should it be static?
main.c:9:9: warning: incorrect type in argument 1 (different address spaces)
main.c:9:9:    expected char [noderef] *d
main.c:9:9:    got char [noderef] __user *d
pipishuo@pipishuo-OMEN-by-HP-Laptop-16-b0xxx:~/Desktop/knowledge/technology/_user$ make
gcc main.c
main.c:4:1: warning: ‘noderef’ attribute directive ignored [-Wattributes]
    4 | int add(char __kernel *d){
      | ^~~
main.c:4:1: warning: ‘address_space’ attribute directive ignored [-Wattributes]
main.c: In function ‘main’:
main.c:8:9: warning: ‘noderef’ attribute directive ignored [-Wattributes]
    8 |         char __user * d;
      |         ^~~~
main.c:8:9: warning: ‘address_space’ attribute directive ignored [-Wattributes]
./a.out
pipishuo@pipishuo-OMEN-by-HP-Laptop-16-b0xxx:~/Desktop/knowledge/technology/_user$ 

一样的。
说白了就是给开发者提示用的，你这指针指的用户空间，结果你传到内核空间，那肯定有问题。

编译

/ include / linux / compiler_types.h

# define __kernel
# ifdef STRUCTLEAK_PLUGIN
#  define __user	__attribute__((user))
# else
#  define __user	BTF_TYPE_TAG(user)
# endif

这一个kernel好解释了，就是啥也不起作用
STRUCTLEAK_PLUGIN 刚查了下，这个好像是gcc的一个插件，如果定义了的话，user宏就变成

#  define __user	__attribute__((user))

功能基本跟上面1提到的一样。那为啥kernel就给省略了，我猜呀，可能编译时也会去查吧，因为这些变量，除了标记为__user的，其余肯定在内核空间内，因为我们编的就是内核，所以把kernel省略了。

#if defined(CONFIG_DEBUG_INFO_BTF) && defined(CONFIG_PAHOLE_HAS_BTF_TAG) && \
	__has_attribute(btf_type_tag) && !defined(__BINDGEN__)
# define BTF_TYPE_TAG(value) __attribute__((btf_type_tag(#value)))
#else
# define BTF_TYPE_TAG(value) /* nothing */
#endif

#  define __user	BTF_TYPE_TAG(user)

这个跟什么BTF有关，我看了下，基本默认配置时，就把他配置为N，所以基本就是没啥用。

总结

看代码时基本可忽略