一、说明
队列是一种特殊线性表,特殊之处在于它只允许在表的前端(front)进行删除操作,而在表的后端(rear)进行插入操作,和栈一样,队列是一种操作受限制的线性表。进行插入操作的端称为队尾,进行删除操作的端称为队头。
在我看来,队列其实本质上还是没有变化的,都是线性表的推演,但是唯一特别的是它在其上面增加了优化项目,帮助我们去对数据进行处理,帮助我们完成对数据的基本操作。与此同时,循环队列对于我们空间的优化更加显著,帮助我们节省空间的同时还可以灵活的运用空间,这个算法确实让我们很方便。
二、链队列
#include <stdio.h>
#include <malloc.h>
/**
* 链队列的节点.
*/
typedef struct LinkNode{
int data;
LinkNode* next;
}*LinkNodePtr;
/**
* 链队列.
*/
typedef struct LinkQueue{
LinkNodePtr front;
LinkNodePtr rear;
}*LinkQueuePtr;
/**
* Construct an empty queue.
*/
LinkQueuePtr initQueue(){
LinkQueuePtr resultPtr = (LinkQueuePtr)malloc(sizeof(struct LinkQueue));
//The header, the data is not useful.
LinkNodePtr headerPtr = (LinkNodePtr)malloc(sizeof(struct LinkNodePtr));
headerPtr->next = NULL;
resultPtr->front = headerPtr;
resultPtr->rear = headerPtr;
return resultPtr;
}//Of initQueue
/**
* Output the queue.
*/
void outputLinkQueue(LinkQueuePtr paraQueuePtr){
LinkNodePtr tempPtr = paraQueuePtr->front->next;
while (tempPtr != NULL) {
printf("%d ", tempPtr->data);
tempPtr = tempPtr->next;
}//Of while
printf("\r\n");
}//Of outputLinkQueue
/**
* Enqueue.
*/
void enqueue(LinkQueuePtr paraQueuePtr, int paraElement) {
//Step 1. Create a new node
LinkNodePtr tempNodePtr = (LinkNodePtr)malloc(sizeof(struct LinkNode));
tempNodePtr->data = paraElement;
tempNodePtr->next = NULL;
//Step 2. Link to the existing rear
paraQueuePtr->rear->next = tempNodePtr;
//Step 3. It is the new rear
paraQueuePtr->rear = tempNodePtr;
}//Of enqueue
/**
* Dequeue.
* @return The value of the header
*/
int dequeue(LinkQueuePtr paraQueuePtr) {
int resultValue;
LinkNodePtr tempNodePtr;
//Step 1. Is the queue empty?
if (paraQueuePtr->front == paraQueuePtr->rear) {
printf("The queue is empty.\r\n");
return -1;
}//Of if
//Step 2. Change the queue.
tempNodePtr = paraQueuePtr->front->next;
resultValue = tempNodePtr->data;
paraQueuePtr->front->next = paraQueuePtr->front->next->next;
if (paraQueuePtr->rear == tempNodePtr) {
paraQueuePtr->rear = paraQueuePtr->front;
}//Of if
//Step 3. Free space.
// free(tempNodePtr);
tempNodePtr = NULL;
//Step 4. Return.
return resultValue;
}//Of enqueue
/**
* Unit test.
*/
void testLinkQueue(){
LinkQueuePtr tempQueuePtr;
tempQueuePtr = initQueue();
enqueue(tempQueuePtr, 10);
enqueue(tempQueuePtr, 30);
enqueue(tempQueuePtr, 50);
outputLinkQueue(tempQueuePtr);
printf("dequeue gets %d\r\n", dequeue(tempQueuePtr));
printf("dequeue gets %d\r\n", dequeue(tempQueuePtr));
printf("dequeue gets %d\r\n", dequeue(tempQueuePtr));
printf("dequeue gets %d\r\n", dequeue(tempQueuePtr));
enqueue(tempQueuePtr, 8);
outputLinkQueue(tempQueuePtr);
}//Of testLinkQueue
/**
* The entrance.
*/
int main(){
testLinkQueue();
return 1;
}//Of main
三、循环队列
#include <stdio.h>
#include <malloc.h>
#define TOTAL_SPACE 5
/**
* Circle int queue.
*/
typedef struct CircleIntQueue{
int data[TOTAL_SPACE];
int head;
int tail;
}*CircleIntQueuePtr;
/**
* Initialize the queue.
*/
CircleIntQueuePtr initQueue() {
CircleIntQueuePtr resultPtr = (CircleIntQueuePtr)malloc(sizeof(struct CircleIntQueue));
resultPtr->head = 0;
resultPtr->tail = 0;
return resultPtr;
}// Of the first constructor
/**
* Enqueue.
*
* @param paraValue The value of the new node.
*/
void enqueue(CircleIntQueuePtr paraPtr, int paraValue) {
if ((paraPtr->tail + 1) % TOTAL_SPACE == paraPtr->head) {
printf("Queue full.\r\n");
return;
} // Of if
paraPtr->data[paraPtr->tail % TOTAL_SPACE] = paraValue;
paraPtr->tail++;
}// Of enqueue
/**
* Dequeue.
*
* @return The value at the head.
*/
int dequeue(CircleIntQueuePtr paraPtr) {
int resultValue;
if (paraPtr->head == paraPtr->tail) {
printf("No element in the queue.\r\n");
return -1;
} // Of if
resultValue = paraPtr->data[paraPtr->head % TOTAL_SPACE];
paraPtr->head++;
return resultValue;
}// Of dequeue
/**
* Output the queue.
*/
void outputLinkQueue(CircleIntQueuePtr paraPtr){
int i;
if (paraPtr->head == paraPtr->tail) {
printf("Empty queue.");
return;
} // Of if
printf("Elements in the queue: ");
for (i = paraPtr->head; i < paraPtr->tail; i++) {
printf("%d, ", paraPtr->data[i % TOTAL_SPACE]);
} // Of for i
printf("\r\n");
}//Of outputLinkQueue
/**
* Unit test.
*/
void testLinkQueue(){
int i = 10;
CircleIntQueuePtr tempPtr = initQueue();
for (; i < 16; i ++) {
enqueue(tempPtr, i);
}//Of for i
outputLinkQueue(tempPtr);
for (i = 0; i < 6; i ++) {
printf("dequeue gets %d\r\n", dequeue(tempPtr));
}//Of for i
enqueue(tempPtr, 8);
outputLinkQueue(tempPtr);
}//Of testLinkQueue
/**
* The entrance.
*/
int main(){
testLinkQueue();
return 1;
}//Of main