1.我的疑惑
语言标准,和编译器实现是不同的。语言标准感觉就像需求吧,编译器实现则是具体的实现。语言标准中甚至有很多未定义的地方,比如【未指定的值】到底是多少,到底用【未指定的值】还是【陷阱标识】作为默认初始化基本数据类型的初值。再比如ungetc函数,这个更乱。
对于编译器合成默认构造函数问题,我一直有疑惑,c++ primer上说:
如果我们的类没有显式地定义构造函数,
那么编译器就会为我们隐式地定义一个默认构造函数。
但是反汇编就很容易看出,类似下面这个聚合类,gcc并没有合成默认构造函数。
struct
{
int a;
int b;
}
现在终于破案了,合成默认构造函数是需求,不合成则是gcc的一种实现。因为就算去实现,也是一个空函数,就和那些永远走不到的无意义if分支一样。
2.标准和实现
c++标准
编译器是否会为下列程序合成默认构造函数? - 张景旺的回答 - 知乎
https://www.zhihu.com/question/30804314/answer/49528236
class Member {
public:
Member(int a) {};
};
class NoDefaultConstructor {
Member m;
// NoDefaultConstructor() : m(1234) {}; //这样才行……
};
NoDefaultConstructor oops; // Error..
完整的情况如下:
The implicitly-declared or defaulted default constructor for class T is undefined (until C++11)defined as deleted (since C++11) if any of the following is true:
-
T has a member of reference type without a brace-or-equal initializer. (since C++11)
-
T has a const member without user-defined default constructor or a brace-or-equal initializer (since C++11).
-
T has a member (without a brace-or-equal initializer) (since C++11), which has a deleted default constructor, or its default constructor is ambiguous or inaccessible from this constructor.
-
T has a direct or virtual base which has a deleted default constructor, or it is ambiguous or inaccessible from this constructor.
-
T has a direct or virtual base which has a deleted destructor, or a destructor that is inaccessible from this constructor.
-
T is a union with at least one variant member with non-trivial default constructor.
(since C++11) -
T is a union and all of its variant members are const.
探索C++对象模型上(编译器实现探究)C++95
编译器是否会为下列程序合成默认构造函数? - altair8800的回答 - 知乎
https://www.zhihu.com/question/30804314/answer/49618441
按照深入探索C++对象模型上的说法,四种情况下会有合成默认构造函数:数据成员或基类有、虚拟函数、虚拟继承。所以应该是没有的。