(一)类型转换(type casting)
类型转换是检查类型实例的方式,也是把类型实例作为子类或者父类的方式
主要有三个关键词,is,as?,as!(as),is表示是某种类型(比如父类和子类同时出现,选择父类,就是表示层级比较大的那个类型),as表示的是向下转换(downcast)到子类本身,问号表示可选,叹号表示强拆包
举个例子:
class MediaItem {
var name: String
init(name: String) {
self.name = name
}
}
class Movie: MediaItem {
var director: String
init(name: String, director: String) {
self.director = director
super.init(name: name)
}
}
<pre name="code" class="plain"> for item in library {
if let movie = item as? Movie {
print("name:\(movie.name), director:\(movie.director)")
}else if let song = item as? Song {
print("name:\(song.name), artist:\(song.artist)")
}
}
class Song: MediaItem { var artist: String init(name: String, artist: String) { self.artist = artist super.init(name: name) }}
let library = [Movie(name: "张学友", director: "麦兆辉"),Song(name: "一路上有你", artist: "张学友"),Movie(name: "周星驰", director: "周星驰"),Song(name: "夕阳醉了", artist: "张学友"),Movie(name: "赌神", director: "王晶")]
for item in library {
if item is Movie {
movieCount++
}else if item is Song {
songCount++
}
}
print("Media library contains \(movieCount) movies and \(songCount) songs")
解释:
如果当前的MediaItem(item)是Movie的实例的话,就返回true,否则就返回false
而上面的item实际上是MediaItem类型,而不是真正的Movie类型,也就说你访问不到Movie的director的属性,那我们怎么才能让item实例真正是Movie本身的类型呢?这时我们就用到关键字as了,进行向下拆包
as有两种形式,一个是as?,表示返回的类型可选,一个是as!强制拆包,用这个的时候你要确保你解析的东西是正确有值的,可以解包成功的
for item in library {
if let movie = item as? Movie {
print("name:\(movie.name), director:\(movie.director)")
}else if let song = item as? Song {
print("name:\(song.name), artist:\(song.artist)")
}
}
因为item是MediaItem的实例,向下可能是Movie的实例,所以用as?可选,再用一个可选绑定,如果成功,就可以访问director属性了
注意:转换实际上没有改变这个实例或者它的值,潜在的实例还是保持原来的值,它仅仅是被转换的类型的实例
(二)Any和AnyObject
AnyObject:代表任意类类型(class type)的实例
Any:可以代表任意类型的实例,除了函数类型
a.AnyObject
let someObjects: [AnyObject] = [Movie(name: "大圣归来", director: "未知"), Movie(name: "速度与激情7", director: "温世仁"), Movie(name: "无间道", director: "刘伟强")]
for item in someObjects {
let movie = item as! Movie
print("name: \(movie.name),dir.\(movie.director)")
}
这里你已经确定item就是Movie的实例类型,直接强拆,用一个常量接收
还有一个办法,就是既然你已经确定someObjects是一个[Movie]类型的数组,那么就可以这么写:
for movie in someObjects as! [Movie] {
print("name: \(movie.name),dir.\(movie.director)")
}
b.Any
既然Any除了函数类型都能代表,那么我们就定义一个可变数组,Any型的,装它几种类型
var things = [Any]()
things.append(0)
things.append(0.0)
things.append(42)
things.append(3.14159)
things.append("hell0")
things.append((3.0, 5.0))
things.append(Movie(name: "恐怖游轮", director: "未知"))
things.append({ (name: String) -> String in ("Hello, \(name)") })
for thing in things {
switch thing {
case 0 as Int:
print("zero as an Int")
case 0 as Double:
print("zero as a Double")
case let someInt as Int:
print("an integer value of \(someInt)")
case let someDouble as Double where someDouble > 0:
print("a double value of \(someDouble)")
case is Double:
print("some other double that I don't want to print")
case let someString as String:
print("a string value of \(someString)")
case let (x, y) as (Double, Double):
print("an (x, y) point is at \(x, y)")
case let movie as Movie:
print("a movie called \(movie.name),dir.\(movie.director)")
case let stringConverter as String -> String:
print(stringConverter("xiaoyu"))
default:
print("something else")
}
}